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Safety and Risk Management

Construction by nature is…….

….inherently dangerous, with a high

degree of hazard and risk.• The toll of construction accidents is high in

terms of both costs ($) and human suffering

• Accidents add a tremendous burden of

needless and aoidable e!"ense• #inancial loses "ale when com"ared to bodily

inury and death, and the resulting human,social im"acts

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Construction accidents…….

….add $%& billion annually to

construction cost

• 'nsurance (such as workmen com"ensation)can be "urchased to "rotect the contractor

from certain direct e!"enses• Accidents also inole substantial costs that

are not insurable, referred to as hidden orindirect cost

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Economic considerations

• irect costs

* +edical * om"ensation

• 'ndirect or hidden costs

* Time lost from work by the inured "arty * -oss in earning "ower

* conomic loss to inured workers family

* -ost time by fellow workers

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• 'ndirect or hidden costs // continued * -oss of efficiency by breaking u" crew

* ost to train new or re"lacement em"loyees

* amage to e0ui"ment and tools

* -oss of "roduction * ost incurred by delays

* #ailure to meet contract demands (com"letion, etc)

* 1erhead costs associated with disru"tion of work

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• 'ndirect or hidden costs // continued * leanu" and re"air costs

* Administratie costs of inestigations and re"orts

* 'ncreased insurance "remiums

* -oss of future "roects due to aderse "ublicity * ost of fines

* +any, many others difficult to 0uantify

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Accidents…….

….are defined as eents occurringby chance from unknown causes. 'n reality,construction accidents are2

*the result of negligence *needless

*aoidable

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As construction managers…….

….we must concern ourseles with

the issues of safety for seeral reasons2%. -egal obligations im"osed by 134A

5. ontract re0uirements

6. irect and indirect financial im"act ("rofit "icture)7. or"orate 8 "ersonal legal liability (fiduciary duty)

9. thical duty and moral obligation

:. ;ublic image and re"utation

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The courts charge the em"loyer (management) withthe res"onsibility of 2

%. ;roiding a safe "lace to work

5. ;roiding safe a""liances, tools, and e0ui"ment

6. eelo"ing and enforcing safety rules andregulations

7. ;roiding instructions regarding em"loymentdangers

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Basic elements of a Safety Program as identified

by the National Safety Council

%. eclaration of management "olicy and leadershi"5. Assignment of res"onsibility, authority, and

accountability

6. +aintenance of safe working conditions7. stablishment of safety training

9. stablishment of an accident re"orting andanalysis system

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Basic elements of a Safety Program (continued)

:. reation of medical and first aid "rograms

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Safety Program Goals…….should be:

> Achieable

> emanding

> 3u""orted by com"any resources

> ?ell/defined

> +easurable

> +onitored

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Occupational Safety and Health Act….OSHA• stablished by ongress in %@

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Title

Code of

Federal

Regulations

Part SectionHeadings &

Paragraphs

29 CFR 1926 !"9 (h)(2)(ii)

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S!A…."ey Standards

• Sec " (a)(1) #$ach $%ploer shall furnish to each of his e%ploees

e%plo%ent and a place of e%plo%ent 'hich are free fro%recognied haards that are causing or liel to cause death orserious phsical har% to his e%ploees* ++ General #uty Clause

• Sec " (a)(2) #$ach e%ploer shall co%pl 'ith ,SH- standardspro%ulgated under this act*

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S!A…."ey Standards

• Sec " (.) #$ach $%ploee shall co%pl 'ith ,SH- safet and health

standards and all rules/ regulations/ and orders issued pursuant to thisact 'hich are applica.le to his (or her) actions and conduct*

• 1926!16 (a) Rules of Construction 0 #n no case shall the pri%econtractor .e relieed of oerall responsi.ilit for co%pliance 'ith there3uire%ents of this part of for all 'or perfor%ed under the contract*

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OSHA….Key Standards

• Eom"etent ;ersonF means one who is ca"able ofidentifying e!isting and "redictable hazards in thesurroundings or working conditions which areunsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to em"loyees,

and who has authorization to take "rom"t correctiemeasures to eliminate them.

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S!A $ns%ections

• Ceasons for ins"ection

* 'nestigation of imminent dangers * #atality and atastro"hic 'nestigation

• #atality(s)

• 9 or more em"loyees hos"italized for 57 hours

* om"laints and referrals

* ;rogrammed 'ns"ections * based on loss data

* Target ;rogram 'nitiaties

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S!A $ns%ections

• Cight to ins"ect

• redentials

• 1"ening onference• m"loyer and m"loyee E?alkaroundF Cights

'ns"ection ;rocess

• m"loyee 'nteriews

• losing onference

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Citations and Penalties &%er 'iolation(

• Gon 3erious * u" to $

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Considerations )hen Assessing Penalties

• Braity of iolation

• Bood #aith om"liance fforts

• 4istory of ;reious Hiolations

;enalties can be adusted down as much as @9J

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Part 1926 -- Safety and Health Reulations for!onstruction

• 3ub"art A / Beneral

• 3ub"art / Beneral 'nter"retations• 3ub"art / Beneral 3afety and 4ealth ;roisions

• 3ub"art / 1ccu"ational 4ealth and nironmentalontrols

• 3ub"art / ;ersonal ;rotectie 0ui"ment and -ife3aing 0ui"ment

• 3ub"art # / #ire ;rotection and ;reention • 3ub"art B / 3igns, 3ignals, and arricades

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• 3ub"art 1 / +otor Hehicles, +echanized 0ui"ment,and +arine 1"erations

• 3ub"art ; / !caations

• 3ub"art L / oncrete and +asonry onstruction

• 3ub"art C / 3teel rection

• 3ub"art 3 / Inderground onstruction, aissons,offerdams, and om"ressed Air

• 3ub"art T / emolition

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• 3ub"art I / lasting and the use of e!"losies

• 3ub"art H / ;ower Transmission and istribution

• 3ub"art ? / Colloer ;rotectie 3tructuresM 1erhead;rotection

• 3ub"art N / 3tairways and -adders

• 3ub"art O / iing

• 3ub"art P / To!ic and 4azardous 3ubstances

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Part 1926 -- Safety and Health

Reulations for !onstruction

'''!osha!go

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"eneral Safety…….

….is the Pri#e !ontractor$s %or !&$s'

responsi(ility • The contractor is res"onsible for the safety of * the em"loyee 8 subcontractor workforce

* owners, tenants, or users of the facility underconstruction

* adacent "ro"erty2 owners, tenants, or users

* children (attractie nuisance)

* "edestrian and motoring "ublic

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)ypes )raffic !ontrol Standards…….

* #ederal D +anual of Iniform Traffic ontroleices (+IT)

* 3tate D elaware / Traffic ontrols for 3treets and4ighway onstruction, +aintenance, Itility, and

mergency 1"erations * -ocal

* 1ther Agencies

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)raffic !ontrol Ser*es to…….

*Cegulate *?arn

*Buide

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)raffic !ontrol +le#ents…….

• arrier // "hysical se"aration to "rotect the works"ace

* should not be used for merging ta"er

* should be interconnected for ma!imum"erformance (minimum length of %&&)

* re0uire end "rotection such as crash cushions,ta"ered ends, im"act attenuators

* reflector "anels or warning lights mounted on to"for delineation

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/inancial 0#pact of Ris &anae#ent…….

• !"erience +odification #actor (or Cate)

(+# or +C)

Actual -osses

!"ected -osses

+# D

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/inancial 0#pact of Ris &anae#ent…….

• The ;rofit +argin #ormula

-oss;rofit +argin

D Ceenues needed tooffset cost of -oss

;rofit +argin D QJ Aerage -oss D $9,7

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Documents

Notes 120402