Note-takingNote-takingParaphrase, Quote, Summary, Citation

QuotingA quotation must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source.

A quotation must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.

Quotation ExampleOriginal Sentence: “A few days before William’s

fifth birthday, the Faulkners moved to Oxford, Mississippi, at the urging of Murry’s father, John Wesley Thompson Faulkner.”

Quotation: “A few days before William’s fifth birthday, the Faulkners moved to Oxford, Mississippi, at the urging of Murry’s father, John Wesley Thompson Faulkner (MWP, Biography).”

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When to Quote DirectlyUse the direct quotes to:

1) provide important statistical information

2) emphasize a point

3) provide an example

4) show an author's intention

A direct quotation is often more appropriate for primary, rather than secondary sources.

ParaphraseInvolves putting a passage from source material into your own words.

Paraphrase ExampleOriginal Sentence- “The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant.”

Paraphrase- Although he was short, William Faulkner was a major American Writer.

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When to ParaphraseParaphrasing is most useful when you provide information that you acquired from secondary sources.

Summaryinvolves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).

Summary ExampleOriginal Paragraph “William Cuthbert Falkner

was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four sons born to Murry and Maud Butler Falkner. He was named after his great-grandfather, William Clark Faulkner, the “Old Colonel,” who had been killed eight years earlier in the streets of Ripley, Mississippi.

Summary ExampleSummary- Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897. He was born in New Albany to Murry and Maud Butler Falkner. He was named for his grandfather William Clark Faulkner. (MWP, Biography).

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When to SummarizeWhen you want to establish background or offer an overview of a topic.

When you want to describe common knowledge (from several sources) about a topic

When you want to determine the main ideas of a single source.