The War of 1812

Note: Please use arrows or mouse to move from slide to slide. Thank you and enjoy!Contents of PowerPointThis PowerPoint will cover:Summary of War of 1812Causes of War of 1812Outcomes of War 1812

Prompt answered: What were the major causes of the formation of the Native-American alliance in the old Northwest Territory? And how important was the encroachment by U.S. farmers and pioneers upon Native American lands in the development of this alliance?

CauseEffectImperialism

British and French are at war (1803)

American ships attacked by British and French

U.S. stops all trade

British supply Indians with ammunition to use against settlers

U.S. republicans support war

Countries want to expand their lands for money and power

President Jefferson declares U.S. neutral during British and French conflict

American colonists angered by British attacks on American ships

U.S. merchants financially suffer from halted trade

U.S. opens trade with countries other than Britain and France

Tecumseh and Wm. Henry Harrison battle, and Harrison discovers natives were supplied by their new allies, the British

War breaks out between Americans and British; Americans defeat British

War of 1812War Summary U.S. v. Great Britain

Great Britains allies:Native American Indians British colonists from Canada

June, 1812 - 1815

Location:United StatesCanadaSea

At the time, Great Britain was considered the greatest naval power in the world

Enlightenment ideas contributed to colonists standing up against the British, and the Indians thinking for themselves

Major Battles

Compare and Contrast: Events c. 1800sUnited StatesSameBritishRepublic form of government

Purchases Louisiana Territory in 1803

James Madison president during War of 1812

Declares war on British, 1812Both countries are in debt from American Revolution

Both suffering from financial depressions

Enlightenment influences

Trade issues

Imperialistic ideas

Mixed feelings regarding 1812 conflict

Monarchy form of government

Engaged in war with Napoleon and the French when U.S. declares war on them

Forms alliance with Indians

BreakdownSocial EconomicPoliticalBritish and Indian alliance

Tecumseh unites Indian tribes

Due to lack of communication and notification of treaties negotiated, Jackson unnecessarily attacks New OrleansTrade blockages result in a suffering U.S. economy

American merchants lose money as a result to embargo proposal

British are in debt from funding two wars

U.S. declares war on British

Federalists are against war; republicans support war against British

French Revolution (early 1800s)

Treaties agreed upon by U.S., British and Indians Tecumsehs Significant RoleNative American, Tecumseh, dreamed of a united Indian confederacy that would stop white settlers from taking over their lands

Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, unite tribes and prepare for westward movement/invasion from settlers

British supplied Tecumsehs tribe as they fought Americans

Tecumseh died during Commander Perrys victory on Lake Erie

Following his death, Indian tribes weakened and separated

Tecumseh as a young warrior

Conclusion: Tecumsehs enlightenment thinking regarding unity and protection, develop an alliance between Indians and BritishEncroachment Results in AllianceSettlers move westward with hopes of expanding their country and finding new trade goods

Indian tribes are settled in western lands and fear settlers invasions

As settlers continue to move westward, Indians prepare for raids on their lands

British supplied Indians with ammunition and weapons to protect Indian lands from settlers

British also hoped this gesture would be recognized by the Indians and help in building a future alliance

Indians recognize the British as allies, and in-turn, hope the British will continue to support their efforts to keep settlers out of their territories

Wm. Henry Harrison realizes Indians are uniting and sees it as threat, and possibly a potential revolution

Harrison burns Indian lands and understands British weapons were being used by Indians

Conclusion: The threatening western movement, by farmers and pioneers, is the most significant and underlying reasons the British and Indians become alliesBrothers: Since the peace was made, you have killed some of the Shawnees, Winnebagoes, Delawares, and Miamis, and you have taken our land from us; and I do not see how we can remain at peace if you continue to do so. You try to force the red people to do some mischief . You try to keep the tribes apart, and make distinctions among them. You wish to prevent Indians from uniting.

(Appleby, Joyce, Brinkley, & McPherson, 2007, p. 292)The significance of the U.S. farmers and pioneers moving in on Native American lands can be summed up through the following quote:Primary Source: Tecumseh QuoteBritish and Native American AllianceBefore the War of 1812 , Americans began driving Indians out of the Northwest Territory

Old Northwest Territory includes current-day states: Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin

British supplied Natives with weapons to help them hold off invasions from settlers

British hoped this gesture would form an alliance between them and the Indians

Tecumseh, and other Indians, hoped an alliance would help stop the white movement on Indian territories

Natives use weapons supplied by allied BritishOutcome:Winners are unclear; British and Americans gain little from this American Revolution Part IIIndians, however, no longer are protected by British (or French) and U.S. westward expansion kicks offBritish never again fight the Americans Using the Past: How does the past help us make sense of the future?Relationships between Americans and Indians remain weakNeed of A.I.M. movementProtests of offensive Indian mascots, etc..Through their Eyes: What were peoples views during this time period?British: powerful, entitledAmericans: annoyed with wars, nationalism, hopeful for futureIndians: betrayed, mistreated, fearful of the futureChange & Continuity:Changed: Humanitarian rights, equality movements, more democraticSame: Prejudice issues, struggle for power, fighting for peaceThinking Like a HistorianTurning Point- Past Decisions Affecting Future Choices:Madison helps write the Constitution, then upholds it during conflictsU.S. ends American Revolution weak and broke; ends 1812 conflict strong and economically independentnull148747.92