Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

Note Packet 2016

Name ______________________________

Period _____________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

Levels of Organization Remember, the human body is organized in several levels, from the ____________ to the most _____________. . . _____________– the basic unit of life _____________– clusters of cells performing a similar function _____________ – made of tissues that perform one specific function

___________________– groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body

The 11 Human Body Systems ***The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human body to maintain _____________. The 11 human body systems are as follows: -- nervous system -- integumentary system -- respiratory system -- digestive system -- excretory system -- skeletal system -- muscular system -- circulatory system -- endocrine system -- reproductive system -- lymphatic (immune) system

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Digestive System Purpose: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Major Organs and their Functions: Mouth – to _____________up food -- saliva also begins the _____________ Esophagus – pipe _____________ mouth to stomach Stomach – secretes an extraordinarily _____________ (pH = 2) that leads to _____________of food -- once the food is broken down in the stomach and mixed with digestive juices, it is called _____________ Pancreas – produces the hormone _____________ that ____________________________________________________ -- also help neutralize stomach acid Liver – produces _____________, which breaks down fats in foods Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that _____________for future use Small Intestine – after digestion is complete, the chyme enters the small intestine where it is ____________________________________________________ -- the chyme is propelled along by folded surfaces called villi, on the intestine Large Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Excretory System Purpose: _______________________________, including excess water and salts Major Organs and Their Functions Kidneys – ________________________ of the excretory system -- blood with waste products enters the kidney and the ___________________ out urea, excess water and other waste products, which eventually travel out of the kidney as _______________ -- eventually they travel through the _______________to the urinary _______________ Rectum – _______________ travels out of the body through the rectum Skin – _____________________________________________and salts from the body Lungs – expel the waste gas _______________ carbon dioxide SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Respiratory System Purpose: ____________________________________________________________ _______________ and remove the waste product carbon dioxide Major Organs and Their Functions Nose – internal _______________point for air Pharynx – serves as a _______________for both air and food at the back of the throat Larynx – your _______________as air passes over your vocal chords, you speak Trachea – the _______________or what connects your pharynx to your lungs -- a piece of skin, called the _______________covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering Bronchi – the __________________________that lead _____________________________ (one for each lung) -- the bronchi are further subdivided into bronchioles -- eventually, the further subdivisions lead to tiny air sacs called _______________ -- alveoli are in______________, like grapes -- ____________________ surrounding each alveolus is where the

exchange of gases with the blood occurs The _______________ is the muscle that causes you to breath -- _______________ are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Circulatory System (AKA Cardiovascular) Purpose: to ___________________________________________ and organ systems in your body so they can undergo cellular respiration Major Organs and Their Functions Heart – the __________________ of the circulatory system -- pumps blood through its _________________ (two ________________ and two __________________) -- pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body -- _______________ regulate the flow of blood between the chambers Arteries – ________________________ from the heart and to the major organs of the body Veins – ________________________ to the heart away from the major organs of the body Capillaries – _______________________________________________ Blood – the __________________________ through the circulatory system -- _______________________ contain ________________________, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen -- _______________________ function in the immune system -- _______________________ help in blood clotting Spleen – helps to ______________________________ in the blood

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Nervous System Purpose: _________________________________________________ to changes in its internal and external environment Major Organs and Their Functions Brain – _____________________________, where all processes are relayed through -- consists of cerebrum (_____________________________) and cerebellum (______________________), Brain Stem/Medulla (______________________________________________) Spinal Cord – ___________________________________________________________________ and vice versa -- any organism with a major nerve cord is classified as a _______________________ Nerves – conduct ________________(______________) to muscle cells throughout the body

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

Reflex Arc SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Endocrine System Purpose: to ________________________________________________________ through the production and __________________________ Male and Females have some differences* Major Organs (called GLANDS) -- hypothalamus -- pituitary gland -- thyroid- Controls metabolism -- parathyroid -- adrenal glands- Produces Adrenaline -- pancreas- Produces Insulin MALES -- *testes- Produce Testosterone FEMALES-- *ovaries- Produce Estrogen/Progesterone SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Skeletal System Purpose: to ___________________________________ to the human body Bones are where new blood cells are generated (in the marrow), and require the mineral calcium for strength Major Bones of the Human Body -- femur (thigh bone) -- humerus (upper arm) -- radius and ulna (lower arm) -- cranium (skull) -- sternum (breastbone) -- clavicle (shoulder blade) -- fibula and tibia (calf) -- vertebrae (back) -- scalpula (shoulder) -- pelvic bone -- coccyx (tail bone) -- phalanges (fingers/toes) The Muscular System Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to _____________________, also helps to circulate blood through the human body -- muscle cells are fibrous -- muscle contractions can be ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Major Muscles in the Human Body -- biceps -- triceps -- deltoids -- glutes -- hamstrings SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________

Human  Body  Guided  Notes  

The Immune System Purpose: to ______________________________________ and other pathogens from the human body Major Organs/parts and Their Functions Skin – also called the integumentary system, the __________________________________________ White Blood Cells -__________________________________ and ___________________________________ to tag and remove these antigens Lymph Nodes _______________________________ lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system SOME DISEASES: ___________________________________________________________________