DEFINITION OF THE TERMS IN PHYSICS

DEFINITION OF THE TERMS IN PHYSICS

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY=the quantity of heat energy required to increasethe temperature of 1 kg of the substances by 1 C or 1 K

SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT=amount of heat required to change the phase of 1 kg of the substances at a constant temperature

PRESSURE=the force acting normally on one unit area of a surface or the ratio of force to area

WORK=Work done by a constant force is given by the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

FORCE=force is a push or pull

MOMENTUM=The momentum of an object is the product of the mass and the velocity of the object

ENERGY=Energy is capacity to do work

FORCE IN EQUILIBRIUM=Forces acting on an object are in equilibrium if the net force acting on the object is zero

HALF-LIFE=

INTERFERENCE=the effect producd by the superposition of the waves from two coherent sources, resulting in constructive interference and destructive interference

EFFICIENCY=compares the useful energy output to the energy input,

PRINCIPLES IN PHYSICS

Conservation of momentumPrinciple= the total momentum of a system is constant, if no external force acts on the system

Application= rocket, jet engine, squid, shower of burning fragments, the fireman when water rushes out from water hose

Conservation of energyPrinciple= energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transformed from one form to another, but the total energy in a system is constant

Archimedes principle Principle= an object, when it is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, is acted on by a buoyant force, which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Application= submarine, hot-air balloon, ship, hydrometer

Pascals principlePrinciple= pressure exerted on an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally throughout the liquid

Application= hydraulic jacks, hydraulic brakes, hydraulic pumps

Bernoullis principle Principle= in a steady flow of a fluid, the pressure of the fluiddecrease when the velocity of the fluid increases

Application= bunsen burner, aerofoil, insecticide sprayer, carburettor, hydrofoil, curve ball

Force in equilibriumPrinciple= the net force or resultant force is zero. The object will either be at rest or in motion with constant velocity.

Application= a skydiver falling at a constant velocity, a book resting on a table.

Thermal equilibriumPrinciple= the rates of heat transfer from A to B, and vice versa, are equal (the net rate of heat transfer between the two bodies is zero.

Application= cooking using an oven, cooling with a refrigerator, making a cup of warm drink, measuring the temperature of a patient.

LAWS IN PHYSICS

Newtons first law of motion( Law of Inertia )= every object continues in its state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line is called inertia

Application= boy riding a bicycle and runs over a stone, cardboard placed on the rim of a glass and a coin, moving bus stops and stationary bus starts, when book is pulled out very quickly.

Newtons second law of motion=Theaccelerationofanobjectisdirectlyproportionaltothe net force andinversely proportional to its mass

Application= stationary gymnast, car moving at a constant velocity, aeroplane.

Boyles law=States that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inverselyproportional to its volume provided the temperature ofthe gas is kept constant.

Application= syringe

Charles law=States that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directlyproportional to its absolute temperature provided thepressure ofthegasiskeptconstant

Pressure law=States that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportionaltoitsabsolute temperature (inkelvin )provided the volumeof thegas iskept constant

Hookes law=State that the extension of aspring is directlyproportional to the stretching force acting on it providedthe elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded

Snells law=Forlightpassing fromair(vacuum) intoamediumofrefractive index, n:Ratio of sin(i) over sin(r) isconstant

Laws of reflection=the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane=the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, i=r

Laws of refraction=the incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the normal at the point of incidence, and all three lie on the same plane=the value of sin i over sin r is a constant, where i is the angle of incidence and r is the angle of refraction. This second law of refraction is also known as snells law

EXPERIMENT IN PHYSICS

CHAPTER 2 FORCES AND MOTION (FORM 4)

CHAPTER 3 FORCES AND PRESSURE ( FORM 4)

CHAPTER 4 HEAT ( FORM 4 )

CHAPTER 5 LIGHT ( FORM 4 )

CHECK LIST

FORM 4

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS1.1Understanding Physics1.2Understanding base quantities and derived quantities1.3Understanding scalar and vector quantities1.4Understanding measurements1.5Analysing scientific investigations

FORCES AND MOTION2.1Analysing linear motion 2.2Analysing motion graphs2.3Understanding inertia2.4Analysing momentum2.5Understanding the effects of a force 2.6Analysing impulse and impulsive force2.7Being aware of the need for safety features in vehicles 2.8Understanding gravity2.9Analysing forces in equilibrium 2.10Understanding work, energy, power and efficiency2.11Appreciating the importances of maximising the efficiency of devices2.12Understanding elasticity

FORCES AND PRESSURE3.1Understanding pressure3.2Understanding pressure in liquids3.3Understanding gas pressure and atmospheric pressure3.4Applying pascals principles3.5Applying archimedes principle3.6Understanding bernoullis principle

HEAT4.1Understanding thermal equilibrium4.2Understanding specific heat capacity4.3Understanding specific latent heat 4.4Understanding the gas laws

LIGHT5.1Understanding reflection of light5.2Understanding refraction of light5.3Understanding total internal reflection 5.4Understanding lenses

FORM 5WAVES1.1Understanding waves1.2Analysing reflection of waves1.3Analysing refraction of waves1.4Analysing diffraction of waves1.5Analysing interference of waves1.6Analysing sound waves1.7Analysing electromagnetic waves

ELECTRICITY2.1Analysing electric fields and charge flow2.2Analysing the relationship between electric current and potential difference 2.3Analysing series and parallel circuits2.4Analysing electromotive force and internal resistance2.5Analysing electrical energy and power

ELECTROMAGNETISM3.1Analysing the magnetic effect of a current-carrying conductor3.2Understanding the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field3.3Analysing electomagnetic induction 3.4Analysing transformers3.5Understanding the generation and transmission of electricity

ELECTRONICS4.1Understanding the uses of the cathode-ray oscilloscope ( CRO )4.2Understanding semiconductor diodes4.3Understanding transistors4.4Analysing logic gates

RADIOACTIVITY5.1Understanding the nucleus of an atom5.2Analysing radioactive decay5.3Understanding the uses of radioisotopes5.4Understanding nuclear energy5.5Realising the importance of proper management of radioactive substances

DRAWING SKILLS

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

LENS RAY

MIRROR RAY

APPARATUS DIAGRAM

EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM