NoSQL Software Adds New Database Choices, Challenges_hb_final.pdf

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    EDITORS NOTE VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL

    WEIGHING, SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL

    DATABASES VIE TO

    DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART

    OF IT MIX ON BIG DATA

    PROJECTS

    NoSQL Software Adds NewDatabase Choices, ChallengesTheyre often a better fit for big data than mainstream relational technology is, but the diversity of

    NoSQL databases can be baffling. To avoid going in the wrong direction, you need to crack the code.

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    EDITORS NOTE

    VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES2

    EDITORS

    NOTE

    Recognition Arrives for NoSQLAdoption to Follow?

    NoSQL databases, upstart technologies

    that offer more design flexibility than SQL-

    based relational software does, have started

    being accepted into the mainstream IT frater-

    nity. For example, Gartner included five NoSQL

    vendors when it plotted the top providers ofoperational database management systems in a

    Magic Quadrant report issued by the consult-

    ing company in late 2013. One of those ven-

    dors also made it into the ranks of leading data

    warehouse database developers in a similar

    report published in March 2014.

    But NoSQL technology still hasnt found a

    place in many user organizations. In a survey

    of IT and business professionals conducted by

    The Data Warehousing Institute in Novem-

    ber 2013, only 11% of the 538 respondents said

    their organizations were using NoSQL data-

    bases in their primary data warehouse archi-

    tectures. Another 24% said they planned to do

    so within three yearsbut that left 65% with

    no adoption plans for NoSQL. Even on a survey

    of people with experience managing big data

    environments, done by TDWI earlier in 2013,

    just 32% of the 189 respondents said they had

    deployed NoSQL systemsthe lowest adoption

    rate among six types of technology platforms.In its report on operational databases, Gart-

    ner said that more of its clients were starting

    to use NoSQL products for specific purposes,

    such as running Web applications requiring

    high scalability. To help you decide if you have

    a use for NoSQL technologies, the three stories

    in this guide examine what theyre suited for.

    First, we assess the four primary categories of

    NoSQL databases. Next we explore NoSQLs

    fit-for-purpose nature. We close by looking at

    the mix of data management platforms typi-

    cally needed to support big data applications. n

    Craig Stedman

    Executive Editor, SearchDataManagement

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    EDITORS NOTE

    VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES3

    GETTING

    STARTED

    Varied NoSQL Options NeedCareful Weighing, Sorting

    NoSQL databases are designed to address

    processing issues created by expanding data

    volumes and diversity, particularly in big data

    applications. But theres no lack of either vol-

    ume or diversity in the NoSQL ranks, leaving

    IT and data managers with lots of alternativesto sort through when evaluating technology

    options.

    There are so many NoSQL databases

    todayI think were challenged by two or three

    on a daily basis, quipped Michael Simone,

    global head of CitiData platform engineering at

    Citigroup Inc., during a presentation at the 2014

    MongoDB World conference in New York. In

    reality, Citi currently has limited itself to using

    the MongoDB database as a NoSQL alterna-

    tive to relational software in a small number of

    applications, Simone said. But his joke pointed

    to the need for organizations considering

    NoSQL technologies to focus on finding the one

    that can best solve their application problems.

    That starts with understanding the different

    types of NoSQL databases, which are broken

    down into four primary categories: document

    databases, key-value stores, wide column stores

    and graph databases. They all share some com-

    mon traitsmost notably, support for moreflexible and dynamic database designs than are

    feasible in SQL-based relational databases. But

    each NoSQL category is suited to particular

    uses, according to Gartner analyst Nick Heu-

    decker. In figuring out which way to go, he said,

    you should ask yourself what kind of data

    youre working with and how your applications

    are going to use that data.

    For example, document databases are often

    used in content management systems and to

    collect and process data from high-volume Web

    and mobile applications for uses such as appli-

    cation monitoring. Befitting their name, these

    databases store data elements in document-

    like structures, which can be simple sometimes

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/NoSQL-databases-dent-relational-softwares-data-processing-dominancehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/NoSQL-databases-dent-relational-softwares-data-processing-dominance
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    EDITORS NOTE

    VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES4

    GETTING

    STARTED

    to the point of being schema-less. MongoDB,

    CouchDB, Couchbase Server and MarkLogic are

    prominent examples of document databases.Simone said Citis use of MongoDB origi-

    nated with application developers who were

    looking for a way to deal with data replication

    problems in an online financial application with

    a variety of data structures. The application

    was initially deployed on a relational database,

    but processing the data with that platform was

    slow and prone to errors. It became clear thatwe couldnt keep up with all the data formats

    coming from the data scientists, he said.

    A MORE DYNAMIC APPROACH

    MongoDBs support for dynamic schemas

    turned out to be a good fit for the rapidly

    evolving application, according to Simone.

    We found that we could model everything

    that came at us, he said. The modeling work

    also could be done much faster than with the

    relational approach: The developers built a pre-

    production model on MongoDB in just four

    months.

    Key-value databases, such as Aerospike,

    Redis and Riak, are the simplest form of

    NoSQL software; they pair unique keys with

    their associated values in data elements, witha goal of enabling ultrafast application perfor-

    mance against relatively simple data sets. Key-

    value stores are incredibly lightweight, said Joe

    Caserta, president of consulting and technical

    services provider Caserta Concepts. We can

    do lookups in seconds.

    Flywheel Software Inc. uses Riak, developed

    by Basho Technologies, to run a mobile app

    that lets users hail taxis by tapping on their

    smartphones. Cuyler Jones, former chief archi-

    tect at Flywheel, said the database can scale to

    meet the companys needs. Just as important

    is its high-availability nature and support for

    consistent data access times, added Jones, who

    now works at another startup.

    All NoSQL databases sharesome common traitsmost

    notably, support for more

    flexible database designs than

    are feasible in SQL databases.

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Guide-to-NoSQL-databases-How-they-can-help-users-meet-big-data-needshttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Guide-to-NoSQL-databases-How-they-can-help-users-meet-big-data-needs
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    EDITORS NOTE

    VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES5

    GETTING

    STARTED

    Wide column stores keep data in tables that

    can have very large numbers of columns, offer-

    ing the opportunity for high levels of perfor-mance and scalability in processing large data

    sets. Favored uses include Internet search and

    other large-scale Web applications as well as

    petabyte-level analytics apps; Accumulo, Cas-

    sandra and HBase are among the databases in

    the wide column category.

    The column-based approach was a good

    match for a DNA matching applicationlaunched in 2012 by Ancestry.com, according

    to Jeremy Pollack, a development manager at

    the online provider of family history data. The

    Provo, Utah, company uses HBase in combina-

    tion with Hadoop to run DNA calculations that

    help customers trace their ethnic backgrounds

    and geographic origins and look for unknown

    relatives.

    WONKS WANTED FOR DATABASE TUNING

    Getting the desired performance from the

    database required considerable tuning and

    tweaking, said Pollack, who described HBase

    programming as a wonky process. There are

    a million buttons you can dial or tune, he said.

    You have to be willing to get your hands dirty.

    But the NoSQL technologyenables Ancestryto rapidly compare 700,000 data points in new

    and stored DNA samples to look for matching

    characteristics.

    Graph databases, including InfiniteGraph and

    Neo4j, store related data elements in graph-

    like structures that exploit their associative

    qualities to power applications such as recom-

    mendation engines and social networks. For

    example, graph technology can be used to map

    the relationships between different people as

    well as their interests, said Alex Trofymenko,

    head of technology at HealthUnlocked, a Lon-

    don-based company that operates a website

    supporting user forums on different medical

    topics.

    NoSQL technology enables

    Ancestry.com to rapidly compare

    700,000 data points in new and

    stored DNA samples to look formatching characteristics.

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/news/2240181822/The-buzz-What-are-NoSQL-databaseshttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/news/2240181822/The-buzz-What-are-NoSQL-databases
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    EDITORS NOTE

    VARIED NOSQL OPTIONS

    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES7

    SOFTWARE

    SELECTION

    Fit by Fit, NoSQL Databases Vie to Displace RDBMSes

    Cassandra, HBase, MongoDBtheyre

    just a few of the many NoSQL databases look-

    ing to solve problems encountered by the rela-

    tional database management systems that have

    long ruled the IT roost. But the very variety

    that makes the NoSQL sector so vibrant canmake comparing different products challenging

    for would-be users.

    First, its reasonable to ask why NoSQL tech-

    nologies matter at all. The short answer is that

    large-scale distributed processing is taking

    hold in more applications, thus exposing some

    of the creaky flooring on which the RDBMS

    sits. In Web and enterprise applications alike,

    a new reality has been emerging: The relational

    database may not always be the best fit.

    For example, relational software can be too

    expensive to scale out in widely distributed

    applications. It doesnt easily adapt to new

    styles of data, such as the unstructured infor-

    mation thats common in big data applications.

    And it struggles with the massive data volumes

    coming from in-the-field sensors and Web

    server activity logs.

    As IT managers and software developers

    have found more reasons to move work off

    of incumbent relational databases, what hasemerged is a fit for purpose mentalityof

    the kind that was prevalent before the RDBMS

    became the all-purpose flour in the database

    server pantry. And the number of NoSQL data-

    base options developed to fit various purposes

    has grown greatly.

    SOCIAL CLIMBER HAD BIG BACKER

    Like some other NoSQL technologies, the

    Apache Cassandra database came about

    because of a big Web 2.0 fishin this case,

    Facebook. It created Cassandra to enable users

    of the social network to search their inboxes.

    When the database was launched in 2008, it

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Relational-database-management-system-guide-RDBMS-still-on-tophttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/video/McKnight-Relational-vs-NoSQL-databases-not-a-winner-take-all-gamehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/video/McKnight-Relational-vs-NoSQL-databases-not-a-winner-take-all-gamehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Relational-database-management-system-guide-RDBMS-still-on-top
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    NEED CAREFUL WEIGHING,

    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES8

    SOFTWARE

    SELECTION

    supported replication across geographically

    distributed data centers to quickly service the

    searches of as many as 100 million users.Cassandra is a distributed key-value database

    that uses a wide column-store scheme and a

    peer-to-peer, shared-nothing architecture. Its

    design incorporates some of the characteris-

    tics of Google BigTable and Amazon Dynamo,

    two early and influential NoSQL databases.

    Along the way, Cassandra has gained support

    for MapReduce, as well as a SQL Server-likequery language, triggers and lightweight trans-

    actionsall features commonly built into rela-

    tional databases.

    Facebook eventually replaced its Cassandra-

    based search system with a Hadoop implemen-

    tation that includes HBase, another NoSQL

    database. But after the company released the

    software for open source development, a com-

    munity arose to carry it forward, and Cassandra

    became a top-level project at the Apache Soft-

    ware Foundation in 2010.

    Cassandra represented a good fit for the

    needs of Internet Identity, said Jason Atlas,

    vice president of technology and engineering

    at the security services company in Tacoma,

    Washington. Known as IID, the company had a

    rapidly growing database of IP addresses run-

    ning on a MySQL-based cluster. But for costand other reasons, the relational MySQL path

    didnt seem tenable going forward, according to

    Atlas.

    IID was harvesting and collecting 600,000

    unique IPv4 addresses and host names per

    week. Related metadata collections were also

    growing. We started to see that we couldnt

    store more than 30 days of information atone time, Atlas said. The problems largely

    revolved around scale. He added that the IPv4

    data lent itself to a key-value approach, which

    ultimately led IID to DataStax Enterprise, a

    commercial version of Cassandra.

    ONWARD AND UPWARD

    Cassandra was developed to run on commod-

    ity clusters, and its focus on scalability has

    borne fruit at IID: Atlas said the database is

    coming as close to linear scaling as any tech-

    nology he has seen. But he cautioned others

    who are looking to embrace NoSQL databases

    that its unwise to force-fit technologies into

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    SORTING

    FIT BY FIT, NOSQL DATABASES

    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES9

    SOFTWARE

    SELECTION

    IT environments. Its always best to map the

    problem onto the solution, he said.

    Some NoSQL vendors are becoming house-hold names in database circles. For example,

    DataStax and a quartet of other NoSQL data-

    base makersBasho Technologies, Couch-

    Base, MarkLogic and MongoDBwere listed

    among the leading vendors of operational

    database management systems in a Gartner

    Magic Quadrant report published in October

    2013. But there are dozens of NoSQL offerings

    in several distinct product categoriesand

    different databases in the same category were

    built to support different uses. Its all a bit of a

    maze to navigate.On Twitter, Gartner analyst Merv Adrian

    pointed to a Linux Journal reader pollcompar-

    ing NoSQL databases. Adrian deadpanned: In

    related newsdo you prefer apples, cocktails

    or broccoli? I tweeted that I understood his

    point. His response: Its uselessand mean-

    inglessto compare NoSQL products that are

    so wildly different in structure and intent.

    Atlas made a similar point. MongoDB and

    Cassandra are both called NoSQL databases but

    have nothing to do with one another, he said.

    Their use cases are very different.

    Caveat emptorif you arent careful in sort-

    ing out which NoSQL technology best fits the

    particular application you need to run, your

    organization may end up fit to be tied over its

    choice of software. Jack Vaughan

    Its uselessand meaningless

    to compare NoSQL products

    that are so wildly different in

    structure and intent.

    MERV ADRIAN,analyst at Gartner

    http://searchoracle.techtarget.com/opinion/The-Oracle-NoSQL-push-to-legitimacy-Is-it-workinghttp://searchoracle.techtarget.com/opinion/The-Oracle-NoSQL-push-to-legitimacy-Is-it-working
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    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES10

    IMPLEMENTATION

    NoSQL Just One Part of IT Mix on Big Data Projects

    When people think about big data tech-

    nologies, Hadoop and NoSQL databases are

    usually the first things that come to mind.

    But in many cases, big data environments are

    supported by a mix of data management plat-

    formsand Hadoop clusters and NoSQL sys-

    tems arent the predominant ones being tapped

    by organizations.

    For example, a survey conducted in 2013 by

    Enterprise Management Associates (EMA)

    and 9sight Consulting found that NoSQL and

    Hadoop ranked sixth and eighth, respectively,

    on a list of eight technology platforms being

    used as a part of big data projects. Traditional

    technologiessuch as analytical databases,

    operational data stores and enterprise data

    warehouseswere deployed more broadly than

    the putative big data duo, according to the sur-

    vey of 259 IT and business professionals.

    EMA analyst John Myers said a similar sur-

    vey the year before validated the buzzwords

    about big data: what it was, what it wasnt. By

    comparison, he added, the 2013 survey found

    an increasing number of organizations that

    were moving forward on projects and bringing

    big data toolsand applications into their opera-

    tional workflows and processes.

    Hadoop and NoSQL software are clearly part

    of the picture, Myers said, but they arent syn-

    onymous with big data. Only 16% of the survey

    respondents said they were using Hadoop; for

    NoSQL, it was 22%. To power their big data

    programs, many of the companies represented

    in the survey are creating what EMA calls a

    Hadoop and NoSQL are not

    synonymous with big data.

    Many companies are using a

    blend of old and new technol-

    ogies for big data programs.

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Finding-the-right-big-data-tools-often-a-multiple-choice-questionhttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Finding-the-right-big-data-tools-often-a-multiple-choice-question
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    SORTING

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    VIE TO DISPLACE RDBMSes

    NOSQL JUST ONE PART OF IT

    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES11

    IMPLEMENTATION

    hybrid data ecosystem, with a blend of old and

    new technologies. So its not one platform to

    rule them all, so to speak, he said, but rather,how do you coordinate between a series of

    data management platforms to meet these

    challenges?

    RAPID RESPONSE REQUIRED

    One of the big challenges, he noted, is meeting

    the need for speed in big data analytics appli-

    cations. According to Myers, the prominent

    applications turned up by the EMA-9sight

    survey included risk management and asset

    optimizationthings that are core in an oper-

    ational business. Such uses dont necessarily

    involve continuous real-time analytics, Myers

    said. But when data scientists, business ana-

    lysts and other end users run analytical queries,

    they need to be able to hit the button and get

    that speed-of-response back.

    SumAll Inc., a marketing analytics services

    startup, faced just that issue with its clients.

    The New York company collects and analyzes

    large amounts of data about website traffic

    and social media advertising campaigns for

    small businesses; it uses a cloud-based imple-

    mentation of MongoDBs namesake NoSQL

    databaseto capture all the data, but the tech-nology wasnt a good analytics platform, said

    Korey Lee, SumAlls chief information officer.

    MapReduce-based queries were taking hours,

    if not days, to run on MongoDB.

    The IT team first tried to export the data to

    a MySQL database for analysis, but Lee said

    that process also started taking too much time

    as the company collected more data. So in late

    2013, SumAll turned to data warehouse soft-

    ware from vendor BitYota that supports SQL

    queries against non-SQL data. Lee said the

    software, also cloud-based, adds a mapping

    layer on top of MongoDB that enables SumAll

    to query its full store of data using familiar SQL

    tools.

    GO YOUR OWN WAY

    Other organizations might need to take dif-

    ferent approaches, though. In the big data era,

    enterprise architectures are no longer nice, neat

    and replicable from company to company, said

    William McKnight, president of McKnight

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/answer/When-does-a-NoSQL-DB-trump-a-traditional-databasehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/answer/When-does-a-NoSQL-DB-trump-a-traditional-databasehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/answer/When-does-a-NoSQL-DB-trump-a-traditional-databasehttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/answer/When-does-a-NoSQL-DB-trump-a-traditional-database
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    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES12

    IMPLEMENTATION

    Consulting Group. In fact, he uses the concept

    of a no-reference architecture in discussing

    the technologies that could be incorporatedinto a big data ecosystem. Every company is

    different, McKnight said. Gone are the days

    when a vendor or a consultant could walk into

    a shop with a laminated sheet of paper and say,

    This is what everybody needs to do.

    And McKnight agreed with Myers that in

    most cases, a big data environmentrequires a

    variety of technology platforms. Everybody

    has a dirty sheet of paper right now with all

    sorts of lines crisscrossing about data integra-

    tion, he said. The idea is just to keep moving

    it forward, though; keep moving it forward intoa modern architecture that stores all data and

    serves it up to the user community.

    The traditional data warehouse still has

    a role to play in supporting basic reporting

    needs, McKnight said. But technologies such as

    columnar databases and in-memory process-

    ing systems might also be called forthe same

    for Hadoop and NoSQL software. According to

    McKnight, the latter are starting to find their

    way into most large companiesfor prototyp-

    ing and proofs of concept, if not necessarily

    for production uses at this point. They have to

    work with other types of technologies, though.

    Despite all the hoopla, Hadoop and NoSQL

    are not going to do away with the data ware-

    house or relational databases in general.

    Craig Stedman

    The traditional data ware-

    house still has a role to play

    in supporting basic reporting

    needs, but new technologies

    might also be called for.

    http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Big-data-applications-Real-world-strategies-for-managing-big-datahttp://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/essentialguide/Big-data-applications-Real-world-strategies-for-managing-big-data
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    MIX ON BIG DATA PROJECTS

    NOSQL SOFTWARE ADDS NEW DATABASE CHOICES, CHALLENGES13

    ABOUT

    THE

    AUTHORS

    JACK VAUGHAN is news and site editor of SearchData

    Management. He covers topics such as big data manage-

    ment, data warehousing, databases and data integration.

    Vaughan previously was an editor for TechTargets

    SearchSOA, SearchVB, TheServerSide and SearchDomino

    websites. Email him [email protected]

    follow him on Twitter:@JackVaughanatTT.

    CRAIG STEDMAN is an executive editor in TechTargets

    Business Applications and Architecture Media Group.

    Stedman oversees editorial processes and writes for

    SearchBusinessAnalytics and SearchDataManagementas well as the SearchOracle and SearchSQLServer

    websites. Email him at [email protected]

    follow him on Twitter: @craigstedman.

    NoSQL Software Adds New Database Choices, Challenges

    is a SearchDataManagement.come-publication.

    Scot Petersen | Editorial Director

    Jason Sparapani | Managing Editor, E-Publications

    Joe Hebert | Associate Managing Editor, E-Publications

    Craig Stedman| Executive Editor

    Linda Koury | Director of Online Design

    Neva Maniscalco | Graphic Designer

    Doug Olender | Publisher| [email protected]

    Annie Matthews | Director of Sales

    [email protected]

    TechTarget

    275 Grove Street, Newton, MA 02466

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