North Texas Immigration 2005

North Texas Immigration 2005:Dallas...A Blueprint for the Future.

and the Future is NOW !

"Dallas may pride itself on old money and glitz,

but over the last two decades it has become

a kind of Ellis Island -- one of the nation's key immigration gateways."

The Dallas Morning News

Compiled by Anne Marie Weiss-ArmushGraphic design by Ricardo Deambrosi

March 30, 2005

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DFW International is the portal to international North Texas, a region in which 40% of the residents are New Americans of first or second generation. We are a network of over 1,600 North Texas internationally-focused civic, community and educational organizations that embodies the cultural and economic vibrancy of the global community. Our Mission is to promote and link North Texas ethnic and New American groups, empowering them as respected members of the community and providing forums through which to share their cultural heritages.

North Texas Immigration 2005: Dallas...A Blueprint for the Future

Executive Summary

As we analyze our region's future, we realize that our communities stand in a unique place and time. Seldom, if ever, have so many distinctly-held visions been affected by a common denominator -- Immigration.

North Texas has become an international center where the energy offered by New Americans sustains the economy and revitalizes neighborhoods. Forty percent of our residents are immigrants (foreign born and their children.) While the City of Dallas continues to lose white population, its elderly residents are fortified by youthful Hispanic families with a large number of children. Immigrants from Mexico now account for nearly three-fourths of the City's foreign-born population, and at the same time, the region is an important gateway for workers and families from East and Southeast Asia. A large percentage of our most highly educated employees are immigrants. The fresh sounds and tastes of global cultures offer an exciting variety of new experiences to be explored.

In 26.3% of our homes today, English is not the language spoken, and minorities account for 50% of the region's public school enrollment. Few of the foreign-born are citizens, and nearly half are undocumented and uninsured. English classes for adults are at capacity around the region, and our literacy level stands in the bottom third of the nation, and continues to drop. Immigrants working for subsistence wages often crowd into substandard housing, straining city services such as trash collection, schools, and public safety. The cost of dropouts burdens the entire region, and in order to remain competitive, we must raise secondary school graduation rates and feed more of those youth into college. As immigrants move to the suburbs, special educational programs and new schools must be planned to maintain the level of academic achievement that provides a competetive edge in our work force.

The challenges we face require an analysis of current demographic conditions and how they affect programs in the areas of education, health, business development, culture, security, civic responsibilities, etc. The statistical information provided in this report should be the beginning of a "Blueprint" of the future for North Texas.

This report was prepared by Anne Marie Weiss-Armush, President of DFW International, for presentation on March 30, 2005. All rights are reserved, and no copies may be made without authorization. If this data is quoted, we request that you note DFW International as the source.

UNITING INTERNATIONALLY-FOCUSED CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS�6310 LBJ, Suite 203 / Dallas, TX 75240 / 972-661-2764 / [email protected] / www.dfwinternational.org

“Immigration is the driver of the country's pervasive, consistent growth. The reality is that how well our non-Anglo populations do is how well Texas will do. By 2040, 68% of consumer expenditures, 80% of kids in Texas elementary and secondary schools, and 70% of students in colleges and universities are going to be non-Anglo. Steps must be taken to ensure that all segments of society are competitive in an increasingly global economy. And if we don't change the socioeconomics between our groups as we go forward in time, Texas will be poorer and less competitive, and the nation will be poorer and less competitive.”

Steve Murdock, Texas State Demographer

“Despite a sluggish economy in recent years, Dallas continues to be one of the nation's strongest magnets for international migration. What's more, immigrants will constitute the lion's share of the area's population growth for at least the next decade. This demographic reality poses tremendous challenges and opportunities for the entire region.”

Bernard L. Weinstein, Center for Economic Development and Research, University of North Texas

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Texas State Data Center)

USA (2004): 11.9% (34.24 million immigrants ) of US population was foreign-born TEXAS (2000): 13.9% of the population was foreign-born TEXAS (2004): 15.2% of TX population was foreign-born. Immigrant population rose by 28% since 2000. (Center for Immigration Studies) Dallas (2000): Metro Population: 3,219,178 (Texas State Data Center) City Population: 1,188,580 (Census) County Population: 2,218,899 (Census) Foreign-born Population: 24.4% (Census) Hispanic Population: 23% (Census) Dallas (2004): Immigrant Population: up 57% over 2000. (CIS) Dallas (2025): Hispanic Population Projection: 43.3% (Texas State Data Center) Dallas (2040): Population Projection:12,536,163 (Texas State Data Center) Dallas (2040): Hispanic Population Projection: 54.2% (Texas State Data Center)

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2040 Dallas Metropolitan Population Projection: 12.536.163

2025 Dallas Metropolitan Population Projection: 7.722.454

2005

2000 Dallas Metropolitan Population: 3.519.176

Dallas Metropolitan Area Population

Foreign-Born Population

Hispanic Population (foreign-born and US born)23%

27%

43,3%

54,2%

Dallas Metropolitan Population: 4.087.863

15%

20%

20%

2005: 40% of North Texas residents are immigrants (foreign-born and their children).2002: 35% of North Texas residents were immigrants (foreign-born and their children).

Source: Texas State Data Center

A. Population Growth

• Dallas is the eighth-largest city in the US (Census)• The Metroplex gained 148,900 people in 2004 - an increase of 2,500 over 2003's growth of

146,400. (Dallas Business Journal)• 28% of Dallas' population is new, arriving in the city within the last five years. (Census)• The City of Dallas lost white population but gained a significant number of Hispanics. (Census)• Dallas' immigrant population more than doubled during the 1990's. (Census)• Dallas had the third highest increase of foreign-born in the nation, at 552 percent. (Dallas

Market Report)• The Fort Worth-Arlington region had the fourth-highest increase in the nation, at nearly 500

percent. (Dallas Market Report)• About half of 2004's population gain came from births; the balance, about 43 percent, came

from international migration. (DBJ)• Fort Worth is now the 20th-largest city in the country with 585,122 residents (Census 2003).

Dallas, which gained less than 2,500 people between July 2002 and July 2003, dropped to 9.th.

B. Immigration Status and Countries of Origin

• 72% of Dallas' immigrants are from Mexico. Nationwide, Mexican immigrants are 28% of the population, up from 16% in 1980. (Census)

• Indians account for the second largest number of foreign born: 4.3 % of the total. (DMNews)• Only 19 percent of the city's foreign-born are naturalized U.S. citizens, the lowest proportion

among 23 metropolitan centers (Brookings Institution)• Countries of origin for Immigrants with legal status (DFW, '91-'98) were: Mexico: 34,168,

Vietnam 13,151, India 6,557, China / Taiwan 5,494, Soviet Union 3,540, El Salvador 3,097. (Center for Immigration Studies in October 2001)

• Dallas City regions of birth of foreign born: Latin America 68.9%, Asia 20.4%, Europe 5.4%, Africa 3.5% (2000 Census)

• Dallas County regions of birth of foreign born: Latin America 74.8%, Asia 16.4%, Europe 4%, Africa 3.7%

• 46% of our foreign-born population is undocumented. Mexican immigrants are thought to comprise 60 to 70 percent of the undocumented population (Urban Institute and INS)

• Dallas is also an important gateway for workers and families from East and Southeast Asia. (Census)

C. Languages Spoken at Home

• North Texas: In 26.3% of the homes, English is NOT the language spoken. (Census)• Addison: 33% of Addison residents do NOT speak English at home; 67% of these are

Hispanics. (Census)• Carrollton: 29.1% of Carrollton residents do NOT speak English at home. (Census)• Arlington: 31% of Arlington residents do NOT speak English at home. (Census)• City of Dallas: 43% of the residents do NOT speak English at home. (Census)

I. Overview of International North Texas

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D. Elderly

• The North Texas population is graying. In 2000, people aged 55 and older comprised about 10 percent of the population. By 2010 it will double to 20 percent, and by 2020 it will reach 25 percent.

• In certain neighborhoods just outside of downtown Dallas, elderly (over 65) represent half or more of all homeowners (Census)

• These patterns suggest that at a time when Anglos will be increasingly concerned with issues i nvolving aging, Hispanics will be focused on issues affecting younger people. (Steve Murdock)

• The difference in age structure also means that growing numbers of older Anglos will be looking to an increasingly larger proportion of young non-Anglos for services. (Steve Murdock)

E. Education - Immigrants

• Minorities account for 50% of the region's public school enrollment. (North Texas Future Fund)• 49.3% of Dallas immigrants do not have a high school degree and 9.5% of Dallas' native

population has not graduated from high school. (CIS) • Between half and 2/3 of Hispanic 9th students across the North Texas region will not graduate. In many

districts, 10th grade has 30% less Hispanic students than 9th grade. (9th is the first year in high school and if students don't pass enough classes, they are held back. This is the year with the highest dropout rate and many students repeat the year.)

• Graduation rates in local school systems: Plano is 13% Hispanic in enrollment and 7.2% of the graduating class is Hispanic. Carrollton Farmers Branch is 41% Hispanic, and 22% of the graduating class is Hispanic, Grand Prairie has Hispanics as 54.9% of the enrollment and 39.4% of the graduating class

4I. Overview of International North Texas

49.3%of Dallas immigrantsdo not have a high

school degree

9.5% of Dallas' native population

has not graduated from high school. (CIS)

Public School Enrollment(North Texas Future Fund)

minorities

North Texas ImmigrantsWho Have Graduated

from High School

Dallas PopulationThat Has Graduated

from High School

H. Education - DISD• Is the 12th largest school system in the country.• Although the residents are predominantly Anglo, 62% of the students are Hispanic. This is due

to larger family size, and to the choice of private schools by large numbers of Anglo families.• 33% of the students are LEP (Limited English Proficient). That's the highest of any large district

in Texas.• 79% of DISD students are "economically disadvantaged." • 68% of the Hispanic students in DISD do not graduate.

I. Education - Literacy

• The region ranks in the bottom third of the nation as relates to literacy. Dallas, Fort Worth, Plano, Garland, and Arlington ALL have extremely high levels of illiteracy. (University of Wisconsin)

• Dallas ranks 54th out of 79 cities studied across the nation• Fort Worth is 56th, Plano is 59th, Garland is 70th, Arlington is 72nd• According to a new report by the The National Institute for Literacy , the City of Dallas' literacy

rate is below the national and state average. Approximately 29 % of Dallas' adults perform at the lowest literacy level. Generally, those individuals have difficulty performing such everyday tasks as locating an intersection on a street map, reading and comprehending a short newspaper article or calculating costs on an order form.

• This compares to a national average of 22% and to Texas average of 23%.

J. Economic Growth

• Total global trade in the Metroplex has increased by over $9 billion and 14.1% from 2003 to 2004 for a total of over $43.9 billion with 227 world areas. North Texas produced $16.3 billion in 2004 exports accounting for 13.9% of Texas' total exports of $117.2 billion.

• The Metroplex is home to over 2,250 global companies including 19 Fortune 500 headquarters and 9 Global 500 headquarters.

• There are over 425 foreign owned businesses and multinational corporations in the region responsible for over 250,000 jobs

• Dallas lags behind national averages for both women and minorities in business. (DMNEWS April 19, 2004)


G. Education - Growth and Future�

• Our fastest growing school districts (97-02) are Argyle 96.38% McKinney 75.08% Frisco 200%• Assuming migration rates into the Metroplex remain at their recent levels, school

enrollments will skyrocket and double by 2030, requiring significant investment in new schools and staff, at a cost of $15-20 billion per decade through 2040. (North Texas

K. Suburbs• Immigrants are increasingly moving to the suburbs. In 1970 North Texas suburbs had 3,520 foreign -

born residents. By 2000, that figure was 55,442 for a 15.75 times increase, or 1575 % (Census)• Frisco: 1992, city's population was 7,250 and only about 1,500 were Hispanic. By 2000 7.8%

were foreign-born and 11% were Hispanic. Now, 40 % of downtown Frisco is Latino. (DMNews)• In Plano, Anglo students will be less than 50% by 1020. Asian and Hispanic enrollments are

ballooning. Plano offers bilingual classes for 325 Chinese students and for 1,716 Latino students. (DMNews)

L. Health

• 82% of the babies born in Parkland Hospital are Hispanic, and 40% of their parents are undocumented (KERA).

• 43.8% of immigrants in Dallas do not have health insurance. (CIS)• 20% of Hispanic children lack health insurance, compared with 9% of black children and 7% of

white children. These are national averages and are certainly higher in the Metroplex. (North Texas Futures Fund)

M. Poverty• Poverty rates in DFW are twice as high as they are in Washington DC, a city with a similar pattern

of immigrant growth.• Immigrants and their children comprise 41 and 37 percent of the low-income population

respectively, but only 25 percent and 26 percent of the total population. (Immigration Daily)• Annual household incomes for blacks and Hispanics trail those for whites by large margins.• The immigrant share of the total poor population has grown dramatically in recent years.• 57.2% of immigrants in Dallas live in poverty or near-poverty. The undocumented have the

highest poverty rates. (CIS)

N. African Americans

• Dallas was ranked No. 3 in rankings of the "Top Cities for African-Americans to Live, Work, and Play In" by Black Enterprise magazine.

O. Home Ownership

• Neither black nor Hispanic homeownership advanced between 1990 and 2000. (Brookings Institution)

• At the same time, rents rose in the city, increasing affordable housing needs and making it harder to save for homeownership. (Brookings Institution)

P. Construction Industry

• 157,665 people are working in construction in North Texas, and about 70% are immigrants. (Hispanic Contractors Association)


Q. Employment• Since 2000, unemployment in the city has risen, and economic differences by race and class

are likely to have also widened. (Brookings Institution)• In Dallas, both immigrants and natives gained jobs, though the immigrant gains were larger

than those of natives. (CIS)• Immigration levels have remained high even though job growth has been weak. (CIS)• A large percentage of highly educated employees are immigrants or have transferred through

internal migration from other cities. This trend has recently begun to reverse, with more educated workers relocating elsewhere. (Brookings Institution)

• In order to remain competitive, we must raise secondary school graduation rates and feed more of those into college. (North Texas Future Fund)

R. Hospitality Industry

• Nationwide, 18% of all individuals in foodservice occupations are of Hispanic origin. It is doubtless much higher than this in the Metroplex. (National Restaurant Association)

• Nationwide, 20% of eating-and-drinking-place owners are Hispanic or Asian. (National Restaurant Association)

• 800 Metroplex restaurants are owned by Mexican immigrants. (Mexican Consulate in Dallas)• The restaurant industry employs more immigrants than any other industry. (National

Restaurant Association)• Travel and Tourism bring over 10 billion dollars to the local economy. The Hospitality Industry

employs about 110,000 persons in the DFW area, with 60-70% of those foreign-born residents. • Between 30 and 40% of our hotels are owned by Indians. (Indo American Chamber of Commerce)

S. Neighborhoods with an International Flavor• Chinatown in Richardson between Belt Line / Main St. and Arapaho, was formerly an empty strip center.• Little India, on both east and west sides of the 75@Belt Line intersection is filled with food

markets, gold and sari stores, video stores and miscellaneous small shops• Koreatown near I35 (Royal and Harry Hines) is bustling with energy in an area formerly

connected with the sex trade. Ismaeli (Pakistan and India) importers are also a significant presence. Farther south on the same street, Mexican bazaars and taquerias are concentrated.

• Around Bachman Lake Mexican family-run businesses have replaced massage and sex shops.• Oak Cliff has maintained its Mexican flavor.• In Arlington, Pakistani and Mexican markets and restaurants vie for space.• Arab and Muslim shops and restaurants cluster on Main Street and Spring Valley in Richardson.• Little Pakistan has formed in Carrollton on Trinity Mills. The Al Markaz and IndoPak Centers offer

restaurants, food markets, sweets stores, gold jewelry, a credit union, video stores, insurance and money exchangers. These are located close to the Ismaeli Jamat Khana (mosque) and Center.

• FunAsia, a for-profit Richardson/Garland community center that serves the Desi (Indian subcontinent) communities, opened in 2003. Its facilities include a restaurant, wedding halls and two movie theaters. FunAsia has just added two centers, one in Carrollton and another in Irving.

• Little Ethiopia is found along Greenville and the east side of Park Lane.


T. Minority / Immigrant-owned Banks

• Banco Independiente in McKinney, is the first full-service bilingual bank in North Texas. All of the employees are bilingual and Hispanic. It is also first to be branded with Spanish-language nomenclature. The second branch will open in Plano in the second quarter of 2005.

• One World Bank opened in February 1995, owned by 18 partners, principally from India and Pakistan.• Chinese-owned banks are: Metro Bank, First American National Bank, First Texas National Bank, First

International Bank• The State Bank of Texas is Indian-owned.• Nizari Cooperative is an Ismaeli (Pakistan) credit union.• United Central Bank is Korean / Chinese owned and the Willshire State Bank is Korean-owned.�

U. Foreign-Born Physicians• Bosnian: 20• Chinese: 40• Colombian: 50• Indian: 300

�V. Ethnic Religious Centers

• There are 100 Korean churches across the region, and around 40 Chinese churches. • 14 Buddhist Centers serve the Thai, Laotian, Cambodian, and other ethnic communities.• Muslims gather at over 20 mosques, with the newest being built in Frisco.• Four temples are worship centers for the area's Hindus.

W. Ethnic Schools

• The Dallas International School is a full-service school that teaches in French. It plans to open an expanded program in the fall of 2005, with an International Baccalaureate program.

• There are 8 Chinese-language schools that hold classes on Saturdays or Sundays. • 70 students attend the FW Korean School and 200 study at the Greater Dallas Korean School.• 86 students graduated last week from the Japanese School of Dallas, and 265 still participate in the

program.• The Finnish and German communities also operate small language and culture schools.• We do not know of a Spanish-language cultural school serving this region in which the bulk of the

immigrant population is Mexican.

X. Ethnic Chambers of Commerce

There are 5 Asian Chambers of Commerce in the region, two African Chambers, four Hispanic Chamber, one Austrailian, one Bangladeshi, one French, three Chinese, one German, one Philippine, one Russian, one Swedish, one Indian, one Korean, one Italian, one Ethiopian, one Thai and one Vietnamese.

10III. Introduction to Major North Texas Immigrant Communities

• Iranian: 300• Muslim: around 800 (only 15 in 1981)• Pakistani: 350

user

Texto insertado

Country or Region of origin Metroplexpopulation

Iraq 1,000 Ivory Coast 300 Japan 5,000 Korea 60,000 Kosovo/Albania 3,000 Kurdistan 5,000 Laos 7,500 Malaysia 300 Mexico (state of Guanajuato) 325,000 Mexico (state of San Luis Potosi) 250,000 Mexico (total) 1,000,000 Nigeria 25,000 North Africa (excluding Egypt) 5,000 Norway 1,200 Pakistan 45,000 Panama 1,500 Peru 8,000 Philippines 30,000 Puerto Rico 22,000 Russia 6,000 Senegal 200 Serbia 1,000 Sierra Leone 4,000 Singapore 300 South Africa 5,000 Thailand 7,500 Tonga 4,000 Turkey 3,000 Uganda 1,500 Ukraine 400 Vietnam 80,000 West Indians 10,000 Zimbabwe 3,000 Source: community leaders, Census, Dallas Police Department

Afghanistan 2,000 Albania/Kosovo 3,000 American Indians 22,000 Arab (various countries) 60,000 Argentina 6,000 Bangladesh 8,000 Bolivia 1,600 Bosnia 15,000 Brazil 8,000 Cambodia 12,000 Cameroon 700 Central Africa (Rwanda, Burundi) 750 Chile 750 China 80,000 Colombia 25,000 Congo 3,500 Cuba 2,500 Czechs 30,000 Dominican Republic 1,300 Ecuador 2,500 Egypt 5,000 El Salvador 80,000 Eritrea 25,000 Ethiopia 30,000 Finland 2,000 Gambia 450 Ghana 8,000 Guatemala 4,500 Hmong (Laos) 400 Honduras 10,000 Iceland 60 India 100,000 Indonesia 600 Iran 50,000

Country or Region of origin Metroplexpopulation

II. Metroplex Population: Country or Region of Origin

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Legal Immigration

Rank Country No of Immigrants 1 Mexico 34,168 2 Vietnam 13,151 3 India 6,557 4 China * 5,494 5 Soviet Union 3,540 6 El Salvador 3,097 7 Philippines 2,327 8 Canada 2,161 9 Korea 2,105 10 Pakistan 2,090

Immigrant Admissions FY'91-'98: Top Ten Countries

* Includes Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Other countries that were major sources of new immigrants during this period were: Ethiopia (1,975), Iran (1,907), Nigeria (1,805), and Iraq (1,283).

10 II. Country or Region of origin Metroplex population

CHINESE AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: around 80,000• Living in: Plano, Richardson, Garland, Fort Worth, Carrolton, Arlington• Community organizations: around 60, plus 40 schools and churches • Newspapers: 6• Contributions: professionals in scientific or technical areas, physicians, lawyers, accountants, restaurant and small business owners• General level of education: college and graduate level degrees

ETHIOPIAN AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: 30,000 • Living in: Dallas, Garland, Plano & Irving• Community organizations: 25• Performing arts groups: 1• Magazines and newspapers: 3• Radio stations: 1• Contributions: Transportation (taxi, shuttle & limo services), Small Business (convenience

stores, parking lots), Health Professionals, Real Estate & Financial Services• Holidays: Jan 7-Ethiopian Christmas, Jan 19-Timket(Epiphany), Eid Al Adha, Adwa Victory

Day, The Prophet Mohammed's Birth Day, Sept 11-Ethiopian New Year, Meskel (finding of the True Cross), Ramadan and Eid Al Fitr .

• Data contributed by Betru Gebregzlabner, Mutual Assistance Association of the Ethiopian Community

INDIAN AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: around 80,000• Living in: Richardson, Irving, Plano and Euless• Community organizations: 105• Performing arts groups: 56• Magazines and newspapers: 6• Radio stations: 3 (1 AM, 2 Internet radio stations)• Contributions: information technology professionals, business managers, gas station

owners, motel owners, wholesalers/importers, realtors, restaurant owners, grocery store owners

• Holidays: Republic Day, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Daseera, Krishna Jayanti / Janmashtami, Holi, Raksha Bandhan, Eid-ul Adha, Ramadan, Gandhi Jayanti, , Guru Nanak Jayanti

• Data contributed by Rathil Radhakrishnan, Greater Dallas Indo-American Chamber of Commerce

III. Introduction to Major North Texas Immigrant Communities

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MEXICAN AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: 433,534 (Census) 1,000,000 (community leaders,) 1,235,000 (Mexican Consulate) • Magazines and newspapers: 16-18 • Radio stations: over 20 • Contributions: construction, restaurants, agriculture and gardening, housekeeping, dry

cleaners, small businesses, education

IRANIAN AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: around 60,000• Living in: Plano, Frisco Richardson• Community organizations: 10• Performing arts groups: 8• Magazines and newspapers: 2• Radio stations: 1• Contributions: engineering, small businesse, telecommunications, medicine, construction,

restaurants, • Other: highly educated, many arrived when the Shah's government fell in 1979• Holidays: Nowrouz March 20, Eid e Feter • Data contributed by Mahmood Oklovatian, Editor, Parastoo magazine

KOREAN AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: around 100,000• Community Organizations: 20• Performing Arts Groups: 2• Newspapers: 7 (5 weekly, 2 daily)• Radio Station: 1• Korea Town @ Harry Hines and Royal: Korean groceries, restaurants, offices, retail stores.• Contributions: small businesses (doughnut shops, laundry stores, beauty supplies,) engineers,

nurses, professors.• Highly educated, high value placed on children's education.• Data contributed by Jun Lee, Chief Reporter, News Korea

VIETNAMESE AMERICANS in N. Texas • Number: around 60,000• Living in: Arlington, Garland• Community organizations: 50• Performing arts groups: 10• Magazines and newspapers: 20• Radio stations: 3• Contributions: Restaurants, small businesses, technical industries, academics, and politics• Holidays: Tet Festival to celebrate Vietnamese Lunar New Year (end of February or early March)• Data contributed by Andy Nguyen, President, Vietnamese American Community of Tarrant County

International Leaders serving their communitiesand on the DFW INTERNATIONAL Board of Directors

Chairman of the Board, attorney and businessman, Congressman John Bryant served seven terms in the U.S. Congress, representing the Dallas area and ten North and Central Texas counties. In 1997, he was appointed by President Clinton to serve as U.S. Ambassador heading U.S. treaty negotiations at the International Telecommunications Union and World Radiocommunications Conference in Geneva. Formerly he was Chairman of the World Affairs Council of Greater Dallas.

William Chi Tong is an active community volunteer and board member of several non-profit organizations in the DFW community, including the Organization of Chinese Americans - DFW, CampFire USA, and DFW International. He has also served on the Telecom Board of the City of Coppell. William works in Citigroup and is actively involved in the diversity initiatives there. He received his undergraduate and graduate degrees in Computer Science.

Joe Chow served as Mayor Pro Tem of Addison, TX between August 2004 and February 2005, when he resigned to run for Mayor. He is the owner and general manager of May Dragon Restaurant in Addison, a realtor and an Allstate Insurance agent. He is on the board of various Taiwanese Chambers of Commerce and other local groups.

Armando de la Fuente is the Director of Sales Promotions and Community Affairs at Univision, Inc. He has been in the broadcast business for over 30 years, having worked in Spanish radio for 12 years and with Univision for 16 years. Previously, Mr. de la Fuente worked at the NBC affiliate in El Paso. During his entire career, he has been actively involved with literacy, health and cultural initiatives for the Latino community.

Hector Flores is the National President of the League of United Latin American Citizens, the largest and oldest Hispanic civil rights organizations in the United States. Mr. Flores is also the Director of Recruitment and Retention for the Dallas Independent School. In the past, Mr. Flores served as an Equal Opportunity Specialist for the Office of Civil Rights within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and as a Conciliation Specialist with the United States Department of Justice.

Arriving from Cuba in 1983, Miriam Rodriguez began her life in Texas working as a baker until she learned English. As Multicultural Services Coordinator for the Dallas Library System, Miriam takes the library to the region's neighborhoods, using the 26 branches as educational centers that facilitate the transition of other New Americans to their new lives in the United States. Miriam was nationally honored this month by Library Journal as one of the nation's most outstanding library 'Movers and Shakers.'


International Leaders serving their communitiesand on the DFW INTERNATIONAL Boards of Directors

Domingo Garcia is a former Mayor Pro Tem for the city of Dallas and State Representative for Texas. In addition, he has been an editorial columnist and a successful trial lawyer for over twenty years. Mr. Garcia is currently the National Civil Rights Chairman for LULAC, the nation's oldest Latino civil rights organization. He is the founder of the Phoenix Project, a drug treatment program for youth.

Alusine Jalloh, Ph.D., is the Founding Director of The Africa Program at UTArlington. Born in Sierra Leone, he has a strong commitment to service through community outreach and, specifically, building a bridge between the African and African American communities in the United States. In addition, Dr. Jalloh has served as a consultant to several educational institutions, news media organizations, businesses, and religious groups.

Sofije Kusari is a member of the Albanian American community. She fled to the United States from Kosovo in 1985 and subsequently became very active in helping with the resettling of refugees. Mrs. Kusari is director and founder of the Albanian children's dancing group and a volunteer with the Muslim Community Center of Dallas. She is a recipient of the 2000 DFW International Humanitarian Award and of the 2004 Love in Action International Bob Striler Servant's Award.

Kristine Schwope is the Director of Marketing and Events, International Business Development for the Greater Dallas Chamber, where she covers all international business development programs, targeted world marketing and inbound delegations. In the past, Mrs. Schwope taught cross cultural marketing classes for the University of Dallas and the University of Texas at Arlington.

Shawn Bhagat is a member of the Pakistani American community. In addition to having founded the One World Bank, he possesses an impressive portfolio of business successes, from restaurants to full service car washes to fuel distribution. The SMU Cox School of Business has listed one of his companies among the 100 fastest growing privately held businesses. Mr. Bhagat was awarded '2004 Citizen of the Year' by the Metrocrest Chamber of Commerce and is the President of Carrollton-Farmers Branch Rotary Club.

Dr. Charles Ku is a Lewisville dentist who serves as the Taiwanese Overseas Commissioner Emeritus. Former president of the Taiwanese Chamber of Commerce and the Dallas Taipei Sister City Committee, he chairs the Asian Studies Advisory Board at SMU. Dr. Ku founded the three Sunray Chinese Schools in Plano, Arlington and Carrollton, where teaches Chinese language and culture to thousands of children. He serves on numerous local Boards.


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"Texas ranks last in the nation in terms of a population with a high school education. While it is tempting to dismiss Texas' poor showing as a product of its demographics, doing so ignores the reality that Texas ranks dead last in the Union when there are other states with similar demographics or larger minority communities". (Texas Public Policy Foundation)

Between half and two thirds of Hispanic students across the region fail to graduate. The estimated annual economic impact of dropouts to the four country N. Texas region, which has 22% of the state's total student population, is estimated at $2,98 billion a year. This figure is derived from lost earnings, lost productivity, welfare, incarceration, college and employer remedial classes. (Texas Public Policy Foundation)�

A significant gap exists between the dropout rates reported by our school districts and the real figures. Underreported and manipulated numbers are common. (KERA)

"Poor outcomes in the region's public schools have spillover effects on the regional job market and our ability to grow and attrach high-wage, high value-added industries. Given the low levels of attainment reported for Hispanics, improving the education outcomes of these children poses perhaps the single greatest challenge to the region" (North Texas Future Fund)

"The most critical issue for local communities and governments is the need for many immigrant newcomers to become proficient in the English language. First, schools have a major responsibility to assist immigrant students become proficient in English. Second, adult language training, which is vital for success in the labor market, must be made available." (Brookings Institution)

A variety of solutions are suggested to address this situation, including:Intake Center with special programs for immigrantsCommunity outreach in the language spoken in the homeBilingual classesPreschool classes, full day kindergarden, 4 year old kindergardenExtended day / After school programs / Saturday schoolImproved retention techniques for current teachers

"Providing avenues to higher education for minorities seems particularly pressing in light of the fact that the city's (Dallas') whites and Asians are seven times as likely as its Hispanic residents to have a college degree." (Brookings Institution)

Literacy

IV. Education

Out of 79 cities studied by the University of Wisconsin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Plano, Garland, and Arlington ALL rank in the lower third, indicating an extremely high level of illiteracy among residents.

54. Dallas, TX 1,188,580 56. Fort Worth,TX 534,694 59. Plano, TX 222,030 70. Garland, TX 215,768 72. Arlington 332,969

White

Black/ African-American

American Indianand Alaska Native

Asian 1,9%

Some other race

Two or more races

26%

0,6%

19,7%

2,8%

Hispanicorigin40%

49%

DISD residents: an ethnic breakdown

Non-Hispanicorigin60%

DISD students: an ethnic breakdown

Hispanic

African-American

White

Asian/Pacific Islander

American Indian

31,4%

6,3%

1,1%

0,3%

Why do the ethnic profiles look different?Hispanics can be of any race, and different data sourcesbreak down population groups differently. The ethnicbreakdown for all DISD residents comes from CensusBureau data. The breakdown for the DISD students bodycomes from school-district data.

60,99%

source: http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/graphics/12_disd.pdf

16IV. Education

Hispanic Enrollment9th grade 850310th grade 486611th grade 373112th grade 3817

DISD

The Dallas Independent School District is the 12th largest of the country, 33% of the students are LEP (Limited English Proficient) That's the highest of any large district in Texas. In Houston, the most comparable district in size and demographics, where 26.5 % of students have limited English skills. Statewide, 13.9 percent of students are classified as limited English proficient. 79%of students in DISD are "economically disadvantaged."

As of 2/17/2005 9:43.48AM the DISD enrollment stood as follows:

Total: 156,604Anglo 9001African American 47,614Hispanic 97,894 62.5%Asian 1654

Arlington Co., VA 19,277 11 4,623 3% 5,893 3%

Dallas Co., TX 316,065 16 31,347 2 19,831 1

King Co., WA 32,382 2 72,219 4 33,070 2

New York City, NY 921,324 12 325,321 4 522,332 7

Number ofLEP Adults

Percent of TotalAdult Population



Number ofLEP Adults

Number ofLEP Adults

Site

LEP Population**Spanish Language

LEP Population*Asian Languages

LEP Population*Other Languages

Limited English Proficiency

Limited English Proficient (LEP) Adults Ages 18 and Over, by Major Language Group

* Limited English Proficient persons speak English "well", "not well" or "not at all" (i.e., not "very well") on the Census Bureau'sstandard four-part question. The Census reports these figures for the population ages 5 and over. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2002

According to available data on urban and large school districts in the U.S , over 40 districts enrolled 10,000 or more ELL students during the 2000-2001 school year. Forty-two percent (18) of the districts listed are in California.

Rank District LEP Enrollment Total Enrollment Percent ELL1

1 Los Angeles, CA 311,958 721,346 43%

2 New York City, NY 180,440 1,066,516 17%

3 Miami-Dade, FL 66,719 368,453 18%

4 Chicago, IL 57,767 435,261 13%

5 Houston, TX 56,738 208,462 27%

6 Dallas, TX 53,053 161,548 33%

7 San Diego, CA 39,491 141,804 28%

8 Santa Ana, CA 39,392 60,643 65%

9 Long Beach, CA 34,132 93,694 36%

10 Clark County, NV 32,430 231,655 14%

11 Broward County, FL 27,297 251,129 11%

12 Fresno, CA 24,806 79,007 31%

13 Garden Grove, CA 23,991 48,742 49%

14 Fort Worth, TX 20,273 79,661 25%

17IV. Education

In the City of Mesquite, the Adult Literacy Council reports that the demand for ESL classes is so high that the number offered have doubled (from 7 to 13) in one year. In addition, the schools are increasingly requesting classes for their parents, as they see the necessity of adult literacy and the impact it has on the entire family, especially the mother. (Bonita Montgomery)

In Plano, demand for ESL has increased about 40% and classes are filled to capacity. Many sites have a waiting list. New branches were offered in Lewisville and Melissa to try to absorb the demand for literacy programs in Spanish, classes for illiterate or semi-literate parents of immigrant students. (Rosa Maria M. Crocker, B.Sc., Adult Basic Education Director, Plano Literacy Council)

Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD is "overflowing with people wanting ESL classes and there's a long waiting list for the classes the district offers." On a weekly basis instruction is provided to about 800 adults. The demand for these kind of services continue to very strong, and 230 are on the waiting list. A new program of cultural ambassadors in each campus has been established, through which every newly arrived immigrant family will get a welcome call in their language the day or their arrival, and will be informed of necessary school things as well as connected to community services and adult education classes. (Georgina Tezer)

Irving's classes are full to capacity and have such extensive waiting lists that they do not need to be advertised.

18IV. Education

19

Total global trade in the Metroplex has increased by over $9 billion and 14.1% from 2003 to 2004 for a total of over $43.9 billion with 227 world areas. North Texas produced $16.3 billion in 2004 exports accounting for 13.9% of Texas' total exports of $117.2 billion. Texas is the U.S. largest exporting state for the third year in a row with $18.3 billion and 18.6% increase from 2003 to 2004.

Growth in trade figures may be due in part to the increase in oil prices but the weakened dollar also had made international markets an attractive option for lowering labor costs spurring global growth. Some interesting points regarding 2004 trade in the D-FW area include:

• The Metroplex is home to over 2,250 global companies including 19 Fortune 500 headquarters and 9 Global 500 headquarters

• There are over 425 foreign owned businesses and multinational corporations in the region responsible for over 250,000 jobs

• CHINA: Total trade with China increased 55.6% from 2003 to 2004. Over the past decade (1994 to 2004) total trade increased by over $9 billion (from 1994's $965 million to 2004's $10 billion)

• EUROPEAN UNION: Total trade with the European Union was $6.7 billion in 2004- a 7.6% growth from 2003 to 2004. The strongest partners within the EU for the D-FW region are Germany, the United Kingdom and France but the biggest percentage growth has been with emerging countries such as Estonia, Malta and Slovakia.

• NAFTA REGION: The total trade of NAFTA countries with D-FW in 2004 was $1.064 billion. With the peso devaluation and reduced logistical costs, Mexico may gain manufacturing jobs within the next year. Your Chamber is also closely monitoring the presidential elections that will occur in 2006 in Mexico.

Source: Greater Dallas Chamber of Commerce

V. International Trade

COUNTRY TOTAL TRADE $

1 China 10,029,666,265

2 South Korea 7,408,481,520

3 Singapore 3,434,269,117

4 Taiwan 3,118,433,882

5 Japan 3,060,061,787

6 Malaysia 1,643,712,984

7 Philippines 1,636,559,844

8 Germany 1,505,817,205

9 United Kingdom 1,226,189,903

10 Israel 1,049,401,213

Overall total 43,912,098,768

TOP 10 TRADING PARTNERS FOR D-FW IN 2004


1 China 9,159,398,630

2 South Korea 5,629,254,559

3 Japan 1,793,357,166

4 Singapore 1,588,087,205

5 Taiwan 1,083,227,518

6 Germany 789,125,736

7 United Kingdom 609,724,103

8 France 573,404,278

9 Thailand 558,610,300

10 Malaysia 516,356,167

Overall total 27,558,081,746

TOP 10 EXPORT PARTNERS FOR D-FW IN 2004


1 Taiwan 2,035,206,364

2 Singapore 1,846,181,912

3 South Korea 1,779,226,961

4 Japan 1,266,704,621

5 Philippines 1,164,996,500

6 Malaysia 1,127,356,817

7 China 870,267,635

8 Germany 716,691,469

9 Greece 637,304,851

10 United Kingdom 616,465,800

TOP 10 IMPORT PARTNERS FOR D-FW IN 2004

COMMODITY AMOUNT $

1 Electric Machinery; Sound Equip; TV 21,177,301,475

2 Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery 10,076,987,157

3 Aircraft, Spacecraft, and Parts 2,581,341,835

4 Optic, Photo Etc, Medic or Surgical 1,749,909,557

5 Special Classification Provisions 939,792,513

6 Vehicles, Except Railway or Tramway 891,872,675

7 Furniture; Bedding Etc; Lamps 701,335,297

8 Mineral Fuel, Oil Etc.; Bitumin Subst; 504,721,647

9 Toys, Games & Sport Equipment 460,112,179

10 Clocks and Watches and Parts 445,630,085

TOP COMMODITIES FOR D-FW IN 2004

20V. International Trade

SOURCES:

America's Most Literate Cities: http://www.uww.edu/npa/cities/

Center for Immigration Studies: http://www.cis.org/

Dallas Indicators: http://dallasindicators.org/

Dallas in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000 (The Brookings Institution) http://www.brookings.edu/es/urban/living cities/Dallas.htm

Dallas Market Overview 2004: http://recenter.tamu.edu/mreports/Dallas12.asp

DISD: http://www.dallasisd.org/inside_disd/board/DISD_Supt_Search3. pdf_

The Economic Impact of Immigrants by Bronwyn Lance: http://www.adti.net/imm/worldandi_lancemay2000.html

The Education Deficit in the Lone Star State, by Christopher Hammons, Texas Public Policy Foundation: http://www.texaspolicy.com/pdf/2005-03-remedial-ed.pdf

FAIR Metro Area Factsheet: http://www.fairus.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=871&c=9

Immigration Daily: http//www.ilw.com/lawyers/articles/2005,0119-camarota.shtm

North Texas Future's Fund: Demographic Trends and Educational Attainment http://www.ntc-dfw.org/publications/demotrends.pdf

Texas Education Agency http://www.tea.state.tx.us/ Select: AEIS-IT 2003-2004 Academic Excellence Indicator System

21V. International Trade

22

The North Texas Region has welcomed immigrants from around the globe for many decades. From 1990 to 2000 alone, the number of immigrants residing in the region more than doubled, and today North Texas has one of the largest metropolitan concentrations of immigrant communities in the nation.

North Texas is one of the nation's 'hypergrowth centers' of ethnic diversity, home to one of the largest concentrations of immigrant communities in the country. According to U.S. census data, between 1990 and 2000 the immigrant population in this region increased by two and a half times, with a growth rate of 146%. This compares to a 96% increase in immigrant population for Texas, a figure that placed the state in second place in the nation. At the same time, the ethnic diversity in North Texas broadened dramatically to include new communities from Somalia, Tonga, Bosnia, Kurdistan, Iraq, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Tibet and Kosovo.

One in six residents of in North Texas was born in another country. With an average of 2 children per immigrant family suggested by the Census, and with undocumented/uncounted residents factored in, we believe 35% of the total Metroplex population to be immigrants and their children.

New Americans living in this region are a vital component of our social structure, not only because of their high numbers, but also because of their multi-faceted contributions to the local dynamic. Immigrants provide this region with cheap manual labor as well as highly professional expertise, while adding unparalleled cultural enrichment to our schools and communities.

Many significant immigrant contributions, however, go unnoticed by the majority of the population. Quite often, their needs are also overlooked. Perhaps half of our immigrant population is undocumented, while a great portion lives in poverty, does not speak English, has no legal status, and is socially marginalized.

This 100 page study presents a wealth of eclectic demographic data drawn from diverse sources: the U.S. Census bureau, the Texas State Data Center, news reports, and private foundations. It details why North Texas has been an appealing destination for new Americans, and presents profiles of several of the largest immigrant groups. An extensive self-report contributed by 35 different ethnic communities completes the study.

All OtherCountries 21%

Pakistan 1%

United Kingdom 1%

Philippines 1%

Canada 1%

Korea 2%

China 2%

El Salvador 3%

India 4%

Vietnam 5%

Mexico 59%

Source: U.S. Census Boreau

Top Immigrant Population and Percentagesin North Texas in 2000

Total Foreign Born Population = 752,667

Report of North Texas Immigration 2003

January 28, 2003

Executive Summary and Fact Sheet

23

Fact Sheet: The Global Face of DFW

35% of North Texas' residents were born in another country or are the children of foreign born.

• Dallas International's database lists over 1,600 ethnic communities, global arts groups and international-themed organizations in the North Texas region.

• Dallas County ranks fifth in the nation in numbers of Hispanic residents. Practically two out of every 7 residents is Mexican, and approximately three of every 7 is Latino.

• Hispanics now represent 35% of the City of Dallas population. Five out of every 6 immigrants to our region between 1990-2000 were born in Latin America. 85% of the Latino population is Mexican.

• According to immigrant community leaders, North Texas is home to 40,000 Chinese Americans, nearly 100,000 Indian Americans, 150,000 immigrants from Africa and around one million Hispanics.

• 25% of the employees in Texas' high tech industry are from India, and Indian students are the largest body of international students at UNT, UTA, UTD, and SMU.

• In 2010, European-heritage Texans will be a minority in the state.• 40% of the North Texas' population growth is from immigration. Foreign-born and their children

provide 100% of Dallas County's population growth. • More than half (54.9%) of the Metroplex's foreign-born population were drawn by the strong

economy and opportunity for employment since 1990. • Between 1990 and 2000 the City of Dallas lost 131,000 Anglo residents but gained 210,000

who were foreign-born.• In 24.2% of the DFW Metroplex homes, English is not the primary language, and 12.6% of

Metroplex residents say that they do not speak English well. • The number of Spanish-speakers has

more than quadrupled in the Metroplex since 1980, driven by an influx of Latin American immigration.

• 14% of El Salvador's population resides in the United States, while 10% of México's citizens are here. Mexicans and Salvadorians are the largest Spanish-speaking communities in North Texas. Along with Colombians, they also represent the largest percentage of undocumented (approximately 55% of Mexicans, 60% of Salvadorians, and 70 or 80% of Colombians).

• Dallas and Forth Worth have been designated "ethnic hypergrowth" cities by the Brookings Institute.

24

• More than 70 languages are spoken in the homes of the 166,000 DISD students, according to the district's Student Primary Language Report. For more than 70,000 students, Spanish is the primary language spoken in the home. Other languages include Vietnamese (745 students), Amharic (Ethiopian) (166 students), Cambodian (133 students) and Yugoslav (128 students).

• Immigrant families are increasingly moving to the suburbs rather than to central downtown areas.

• Asian immigrants as a group are significantly more educated than Latino immigrants. 20% of Texas Asians have graduate or professional degrees and 27.3% of Asians have Bachelors degrees.

• Nearly one in four of New Americans holds a technical, managerial, or professional job.• One third of immigrants do not have health insurance. • Immigration accounts for virtually all of the increase in public school enrollment. • The poverty rate for immigrants and their children is two-thirds higher than that of natives and

their children, and that of Latino immigrants is nearly double. • According to the Mexican Consulate, Dallas is the city with the largest Mexican population

growth in the U.S., ahead of Phoenix (second place) and Houston (third place). • The Hispanic population in Texas increased by 60.27% during the past ten years, while the

Anglo population increased by 7.61%.• 31.5% of Texas Hispanics have less than a ninth grade education, and only 75% of Texas 25

year olds have graduated from high school.

Documents

North Texas Immigration 2005