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North-South Gap
North-South Gap More Developed County (MDC) – Previously
referred to as the First World. Wealthy developed countries
Least Developed Country (LDC) –Previously referred to as the Third World – Economically poor underdeveloped countries
Landlocked developing countries (LLDC) – developing countries that are landlocked.
North-South Gap
The divide between North and South is not based on geography, but is based on a socio-economic and political division.
Map of world poverty by country, as of 2009 showing percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day. Unfortunately, information is missing for some countries.
Characteristics of the North
Economic DevelopmentIndustrialization
Advancements in technologyEconomy based on industry
High living standardHigh life expectancy
High levels of education and employment
Members of the North Bermuda, Canada, United States, Hong
Kong, Israel, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Vatican City, Australia, New Zealand
Characteristics of the South (LDC/LLDC)
Lack of Development Previously colonized countries
Support from international aid agendas Many economies based on agriculture
Lacking living standards Low life expectancy
Low levels of educational and employment success
LDC Criteria
Criteria comes from the UN Office of the High Representative for Least Developed Countries & Landlocked Developing Countries
Poverty - a low-income criterion, based on a three-year average estimate of the gross national income (GNI) per capita
LDC Criteria
Human Resource Weakness: based on indicators of: (a) nutrition; (b) health; (c) education; and (d) adult literacy
Economic Vulnerability: the instability of agricultural production; the instability of exports of goods and services; merchandise export concentration; and the handicap of economic smallness
LDCLeast Developed Country
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Yemen, Haiti
LLDC Landlocked Developing Country
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Macedonia, Moldova, Bolivia, Paraguay
What is development?
The Dictionary of Human Geography defines development as “processes of social change or a change to class and
state projects to transform national economies“.
Think of it as a measure of progress in a specific economy.
Development Continuum Gap
New name for the North-South Gap: Development Continuum Gap
Purpose: to close the very real gap between the North countries (more
economically developed) and the South countries (less economically developed
countries)
Unit Topics Unequal World
Colonialism Poverty
Globalization Government Organizations (World Bank, IMF)
Multinational Corporations Non-governmental Organizations
Millennium Goals Global Epidemic of HIV/AIDS Water – A Common Concern
Blood Diamond Unit Project
Unit Test
Did you know?
Twenty-five percent (25 %) of the world's people have:
85% of the world's energy consumption 83 % of the world's GNP 94 % of the world's health expenditure 70 % of the world's grain 89% of the world's education spending 82 % of the world's industry 95 % of the world's science and technology
Did you know?
In 1900 the average person in the North had four (4) times as much as a person in the South
In 1970 - only seventy years later- the ratio was forty to one (40:1). That is, the average person in the North had forty times as much as a person in the South.
Did you know?
Between the 1980's and the present, a five percent pay raise for a professional (Dentist, Lawyer, Doctor, etc.) in Canada would be greater than many workers could expect in a hundred years in the South.
Where do you fit in?
Lets find out how you contribute to the gap every day!
Before You've Finished Breakfast...You Have Depended on half of the world.
Interconnectedness Assignment
Use an atlas to discover the interconnectedness of your kitchen, bedroom or morning routine to the rest of the world. Investigate this by: a) Make a list of products you use at home on a daily basis. Ex:
toothpaste, shampoo, toilet paper, cereal, juice, etc b) At home, check where the products and household goods you
relied on were manufactured or made. c) In class tomorrow you will be given time to identify where
these countries are located in an atlas. Use your world map to link these connections. Create a list of
products and their country of origin on the back of your map.
Worth 15 points Due Wednesday at the start of class!