North Carolina in North Carolina in the Civil Warthe Civil War

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

The goal of the U.S. was to restore The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union; the Union wanted to the Union; the Union wanted to abolish (end) slaveryabolish (end) slavery

Emancipation Proclamation: a Emancipation Proclamation: a document of President Lincoln; freed document of President Lincoln; freed all slaves in the Confederate states all slaves in the Confederate states July 1, 1863July 1, 1863

UnionUnion

Advantages of the NorthAdvantages of the North Outnumbered the ConfederatesOutnumbered the Confederates Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal

factories, textile mills, and arsenalsfactories, textile mills, and arsenals Had railroadsHad railroads Had a functioning governmentHad a functioning government

ConfederatesConfederates

Advantages of the SouthAdvantages of the South War was fought in the SouthWar was fought in the South Fighting on familiar territoryFighting on familiar territory Had some military trainingHad some military training Had strong military leadersHad strong military leaders

Union StrategiesUnion Strategies

MilitaryMilitary Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan: :

blockade all blockade all Confederate ports and Confederate ports and seize the Mississippi seize the Mississippi RiverRiver

Union ships blockaded Union ships blockaded the southern coast to the southern coast to cut off supply routes cut off supply routes between the South between the South and Europeand Europe

PoliticalPolitical Stop European Stop European

nations from nations from recognizing the recognizing the ConfederacyConfederacy

Confederate StrategiesConfederate Strategies

MilitaryMilitary Wear down the Wear down the

invading Union invading Union armiesarmies

Ensure that the Ensure that the Union blockade didn’t Union blockade didn’t workwork

Used Used swift raidersswift raiders, , fast, lightly armed fast, lightly armed ships to capture ships to capture Union merchant shipsUnion merchant ships

PoliticalPolitical King Cotton King Cotton

Diplomacy:Diplomacy: stop stop selling cotton selling cotton abroad in hopes abroad in hopes that the French and that the French and British would be British would be forced to help the forced to help the Confederates break Confederates break blockades to get the blockades to get the cotton that they cotton that they neededneeded

War on the CoastWar on the Coast

The North Carolina coast was the The North Carolina coast was the most vulnerable to Union attack.most vulnerable to Union attack.

Forts Clark and Hatteras were set Forts Clark and Hatteras were set up on the Outer Banks to guard the up on the Outer Banks to guard the inlets into the sounds.inlets into the sounds.

War on the Coast, con’t.War on the Coast, con’t.

By taking control of NC’s mainland, By taking control of NC’s mainland, Union forces: Union forces:

1)1) Could attack the railroad, preventing Could attack the railroad, preventing supplies from reaching Lee’s armysupplies from reaching Lee’s army

2)2) Would be able to stop attacks by Would be able to stop attacks by Confederate naval forcesConfederate naval forces

Wartime PoliticsWartime Politics

The The Conscription Act of 1862Conscription Act of 1862 made made men between the ages of 18 and 35 men between the ages of 18 and 35 eligible to be drafted.eligible to be drafted.

The Election of 1862The Election of 1862

During the elections of 1862, During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance was elected governor Zebulon Vance was elected governor of North Carolina. of North Carolina.

Zebulon Vance served as governor Zebulon Vance served as governor during most of the Civil War.during most of the Civil War.

Conflicts with the Conflicts with the ConfederacyConfederacy

During the war, N.C. and the During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy disagreed over:Confederacy disagreed over: ConscriptionConscription The suspension of the writ of habeas The suspension of the writ of habeas

corpuscorpus The defense of the statesThe defense of the states The appointment of officers from other The appointment of officers from other

states for N.C. regimentsstates for N.C. regiments The violation of rights of North CaroliniansThe violation of rights of North Carolinians

Blockade RunningBlockade Running

Wilmington, NC became the Wilmington, NC became the Confederacy’s largest blockade Confederacy’s largest blockade running port.running port.

In 1863, Governor Vance purchased In 1863, Governor Vance purchased a blockade running steamship a blockade running steamship named the named the AdvanceAdvance..

War in the EastWar in the East

In 1863, the Confederate Navy In 1863, the Confederate Navy began building an ironclad ram began building an ironclad ram named the named the Albemarle.Albemarle. The The Albemarle was to be used to sink Albemarle was to be used to sink Union ships. In October 1864, the Union ships. In October 1864, the Albemarle sank.Albemarle sank.

War in the MountainsWar in the Mountains

Many people in the mountains of NCMany people in the mountains of NC Harbored deserters and draft resistersHarbored deserters and draft resisters Supported the Union during the warSupported the Union during the war Helped Union prisoners escape from Helped Union prisoners escape from

the Confederate prison at Salisburythe Confederate prison at Salisbury

The Home FrontThe Home Front

Effects of the war on people in the Effects of the war on people in the South:South: Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for

clothing), shoes and medicinesclothing), shoes and medicines Women were left to tend children and Women were left to tend children and

farmsfarms Inflation (driving up prices)Inflation (driving up prices)

Richard Gatling: patented the Gatling gun; Richard Gatling: patented the Gatling gun; his first invention was a rice seed planterhis first invention was a rice seed planter

The Peace MovementThe Peace Movement

North Carolina’s Peace Movement:North Carolina’s Peace Movement: Led by William HoldenLed by William Holden Was accused of encouraging southern Was accused of encouraging southern

soldiers to desertsoldiers to desert Selected 6 Confederate congressmenSelected 6 Confederate congressmen

Beginning of the EndBeginning of the End

Fort Fisher was captured in January Fort Fisher was captured in January 18651865

General Robert E. Lee surrendered General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at Appomattoxon April 9 at Appomattox

On April 26, General Joseph E. On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to General Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett PlaceSherman at Bennett Place