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The North’s Economy Influenced greatly by technology and
industry. Mass Production became common and
soon factories would take over 2/3 of the countries goods.
Transportation was greatly improved. Steamboats were developed – they
carried both passengers and goods. Steam Locomotives would fail, but soon
after engineers would improve their engines.
The North cont…
Railroads Between 1840-1860 rail roads would
gradually connect making a track uniting the Midwest and the East.
Railroads also played a role in industrialization and settlement of the Midwest.
Communication in the North
The vast growth of industry called for a faster method of communication. The telegraph, which transports
electrical signals, filled that need. Soon Morse code, a series of dots and
dashes that represent letters of the alphabet, was developed.
Finally a faster version of the printing press was developed to spread the news.
Farming in the North Not only were the factories improved,
but so were the farms of the North. Various heavy-duty farming machines
were developed to stand up to the tough soil of the prairies.
Cash Crops, selling part of your crop for cash, now became a much bigger idea. With the development in transportation
farmers were able to sell their crops to more distant locations.
The People of the North With the development of factory
systems the conditions inside worsened. Workers worked longer hours, accidents
became more common, machinery in factories was unstable, factories were at uncomfortable temperatures, wages were low.
In 1830’s the workers began to organize against these conditions.
Greater attempts to organize With the fear of factory growth Trade
Unions, organization of workers with the same trade or skill, began to form.
Unskilled workers, those who did not have a particular “talent” also banned together in an effort to fight working conditions.
In New York skilled workers would go on strike, however it was not legal to strike in all states.
African American Workers
Although slavery was mostly gone from the North discrimination was not. Free African Americans generally were
not allowed to vote, attend public schools, and obtain the same jobs as whites.
They took the lowest paying jobs there were to offer.
Women Workers
Employers also discriminated against women workers. They were paid less than men were for
the same exact job. They were excluded from many unions. Some women would form together to
make their own union. Many early efforts of women to gain
equality in the work place were failed.
Immigrants in the North Between 1840-1860 there was a large
tide of Immigrants who flooded the cities of the North who worked for long hours and low pay. The largest group of Immigrants at this
time came from Ireland, because a potato famine caused many to leave their homes for America.
The second largest group was the German immigrants.
Immigrants changing the nation These immigrants changed the character of
the united States. They brought their languages, religion, customs
and ways of life with them. Many Catholic immigrants came in with the new
flow – not many had taken residence in the North yet.
However, some Americans believed that the immigrants were changing the character of the United States too much. The Immigrants too would face discrimination
and prejudice.
The South Land/Economy Cotton crop had grown large and soon
became the leading crop. Cotton –This was the “King” and the main topic
of conversation in the south. The leading crop was revolutionized with the
invention of the cotton gin. The removal of the Native Americans from the
southeast allowed for the cotton crops to expand.
The demand for cotton in Great Britain kept the cotton fields filled and flowing.
Industry? I think not! Although industry was flourishing in
the North the South stayed mainly Rural. The south’s economy became
increasingly different from the north’s economy. One reason was the boom of cotton sales
and growth. Another reason was because southerners
had their money in land and slaves, there was not much left to put towards industry.
The South…
Some factories did open based on the fear that the South might become too dependent on the North for manufactured goods.
The transportation grew slowly Their railways were short and slow
growing.
The South’s People Small farmers who did not own slaves made
up a majority of the white, male population. They owned and farmed their own land.
Not all southern whites owned their own land. Tenant farmers were farmers that rented or
worked someone else's land. Large Plantation owners generally lived
comfortably in large farm homes. They generally measured their wealth by the
number of slaves they owned.
The South’s People The Women-
Plantation wives were generally in charge of watching over the enslaved people.
The African Americans- They faced many tough days.
They had to worry about being sold and separated from their loved ones.
They had to endure misery and pain. They worked long hard hours in various weather
conditions. They were ALWAYS busy doing hard labor,
women and children included.
The South’s People cont… Some Slaves resisted-
The Slaves would rebel against their masters. They fought against the poor treatment and
harsh work they were forced to do. The cities in the south were populated
with a variety of different people. Free African Americans White city dwellers Some enslaved workers