North American Croplands:

US Updates21 May 2015

Richard Massey; Dr. Teki Sankey

Agro-ecological zones in the US

Location of AEZ 6

AEZ 6

Richard MasseyUpdate: 10/22/2014

Croplands of USA (Source: USDA CDL); FAO AEZ 6

Rainfed Classes of 2008: Spatial Distribution

Class Rain-fed % AEZ % all crop US % maj crop US1 Corn 28.2 4.0105 4.13082 Soybeans 25.7 3.6582 3.76803 Wheat (w) 11.8 1.6843 1.73494 Wheat (s) 10.5 1.4934 1.53825 Wheat (d) 3.5 0.4966 0.51156 Barley 1.4 0.2045 0.21067 Potatoes 0.0 0.0011 0.00118 Alfalfa 0.9 0.1215 0.12529 Cotton 0.7 0.0937 0.0965

10 Rice 0.0 0.0000 0.0000

Initial training Sample SpectraRainfed, AEZ6

Corn (n=10,000) Soybean (n=10,000)

Alfalfa (n=7,586)

Winter wheat (n=10,000)

Spring Wheat (n=10,000) Durum Wheat (n=10,000) Barley (n=10,000)

Cotton (n=5,847)

Richard MasseyUpdate: 10/22/2014

Croplands of USA (Source: USDA CDL); FAO AEZ 6

Irrigated Classes of 2008: Spatial Distribution

Class Irrigated % AEZ % all crop US % maj crop US11 Corn 8.7 1.2399 1.277112 Soybeans 5.2 0.7461 0.768513 Wheat (w) 2.0 0.2834 0.291914 Wheat (s) 0.5 0.0650 0.066915 Wheat (d) 0.1 0.0201 0.020716 Barley 0.1 0.0084 0.008717 Potatoes 0.0 0.0007 0.000718 Alfalfa 0.5 0.0782 0.080519 Cotton 0.2 0.0240 0.024720 Rice 0.0 0.0011 0.0011

Corn (n=10,000) Soybean (n=10,000)

Alfalfa (n=4,881)

Winter wheat (n=10,000)

Spring Wheat (n=4,055) Durum Wheat (n=1,255)

Cotton (n=1,495)

Initial training Sample SpectraIrrigated, AEZ6

Refined training sample spectraRainfed, AEZ6

Corn (n=10,000) Soybean (n=10,000) Alfalfa (n=5,500)

Winter Wheat 1 (n=5,499)

Barley (n=1,609)

Cotton 1 (n=3,549) Cotton 2 (n=471) Cotton 3 (n=1,226)

Winter Wheat 2 (n=3,166) Winter Wheat 3 (n=1,315)

Spring Wheat (n=10,000) Durum Wheat (n=10,000)

Refined training sample spectraIrrigated, AEZ6

Corn (n=10,000) Soybean (n=10,000

Alfalfa 1 (n=794)

Winter Wheat 1 (n=5,885) Barley (n=99)

Cotton (n=1,229)

Alfalfa 2 (n=3,999)

Winter Wheat 2 (n=1,371)

Spring Wheat (n=1,080) Durum Wheat (n=357)

Separability Analysis

• Based on overlap of 95 percentile NDVI curves for two classes• Ratio of free range to all range for one crop• Assumption: Uniform distribution of NDVI curves between

bounds• No overlap implies complete separability (=1)• Partial overlap implies partial separability (>0 and <1)• Partial separability is different for each class• Complete overlap implies zero separability for atleast one

class

Separability AnalysisCorn, AEZ6

Corn vs Cotton Corn vs Spring Wheat Corn vs winter Wheat

Corn vs Soybean Corn vs Rice Corn vs Durum Wheat

CottonCorn

Spring WheatCorn

Winter WheatCorn

SoybeanCorn

RiceCorn

Durum WheatCorn

Separability MatrixRainfed AEZ6

Winter Wheat

Spring WheatSoybeanRicePotatoOther Crop

Non-crop

Durum Wheat

Cotton

CornBarley

Alfalfa

Separability MatrixIrrigated AEZ6

Winter Wheat

Spring WheatSoybeanRicePotato

Other Crop

Non-crop

Durum WheatCottonCornBarley

Alfalfa

No AEZ=6

NoMax NDVI Location

NoTemporal/

Spectral Window

NoMax

separability location crop-1

Corn

Cropland extent (GCE

v 1.0)

Accuracy Assessment

Change Parameters

10

10

10

10

No

Decision tree: CornRainfed, AEZ6

Corn (n=10,000)

NoMax

separability location crop-2

10

NoMax

separability location crop-n

10

: : :: : :

Model accuracy assessmentCorn, Rainfed, AEZ6

Class description

Croplands 4 of 4 Croplands 3 of 4 Croplands 2 of 4 Croplands1 of 4

GCE v 1.0

Composite cropland extent 2007-2012 (250m)

Source: CDL 2007-2012

Composite Cropland extent

AEZ 6 boundary

No AEZ=6

No Max NDVI Location

NoTemporal/

Spectral Window

NoMax

separability location crop-1

Corn

Composite Cropland

extent

Accuracy Assessment

Change Parameters

10

10

10

10

No

Decision tree: CornRainfed, AEZ6

Corn (n=10,000)

NoMax

separability location crop-2

10

NoMax

separability location crop-n

10

: : :: : :

Regional SubsetRainfed, AEZ6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Moving Forward

• Approach 1: • Composite cropland extent layer (2007-2012) as a node

in decision tree• Maximum separability nodes• If desired accuracy (>85%) then ok

• Approach 2:• Composite cropland extent layer (2007-2012) as a node

in decision tree• Maximum separability nodes• Region subsets as masks for different crops

Thank you

Training samplesAEZ6

Training Samples Irrigated Rainfed Crops Class1 Class2 Class1 Class2 Class3 Corn 10,000 10,000 Soybean 10,000 10,000 Winter Wheat 5,895 3,186 5,499 1,315 Spring Wheat 1,080 1,371 10,000 Durum Wheat 357 10,000 Barley 99 1,609 Potato 138 83 Alfalfa 794 3,999 5,530 Cotton 1,229 1,226 3,549 471 Rice 58 10

Post refinement distribution of training samples

Random samples for validation(Rainfed, AEZ6)

Crop ClassRandom sample (5 % of Pure crop pixels)

Pure crop pixels MODIS pixels

Rainfed Corn 1 12,589 250,491 754,733

Soybean 2 11,413 228,335 709,214

Winter Wheat 3 5,242 105,130 372,152

Spring Wheat 4 4,659 93,211 362,994

Durum Wheat 5 1,548 30,998 105,626

Barley 6 641 12,764 62,622

Potato 7 3 124 699

Alfalfa 8 377 7,586 81,822

Cotton 9 275 5,847 25,811

Rice 10 0 3 94

Other Crops 21 3,420 67,660 288,803

Non Crops 22 310,884 6,215,191 7,766,576

All pixels 351,051 7,017,340 10,531,146

All crop pixels 40,167 802,149 2,764,570

Crop ClassRandom sample (5 % of Pure crop pixels)

Pure crop pixels MODIS pixels

Irrigated Corn 11 3,810 77,497 198,148Soybean 12 2,332 46,569 136,768Winter Wheat 13 899 17,690 60,738Spring Wheat 14 204 4,055 15,635Durum Wheat 15 65 1,255 4,772Barley 16 24 527 2,923Potato 17 8 97 853Alfalfa 18 246 4,881 28,050Cotton 19 92 1,495 7,363Rice 20 4 67 227Other Crops 23 526 11,255 68,125Non Crops 24 10,259 207,676 407,208All pixels 14,659 295,567 732,662All crop pixels 4,400 87,891 325,454

Random samples for validation

(Irrigated, AEZ6)

Accuracies for decision tree Classification

AEZ6

Irrigated Rainfed

Crop GroupProducer's Accuracy User's Accuracy

Producer's Accuracy User's Accuracy

Corn + Soybean 86.2% 86.7% 84.9% 88.4% Winter Wheat Spring Wheat + Durum Wheat + Barley 56.8% 57.9% 51.9% 49.9%Alfalfa 66.1% 70.5% 70.0% 69.7%Cotton

Regional Subset statisticsZone Corn Soybean

Winter Wheat

Spring Wheat

Durum Wheat Barley Potatoes Alfalfa Cotton Rice Total

Zone 1 Percentage (%) 2.93 3.48 2.23 51.68 28.76 10.23 0.01 0.68 0.00 0.00 100.00

Zone 2 Percentage (%) 46.84 42.00 4.00 6.29 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.82 0.00 0.00 100.00

Zone 3 Percentage (%) 2.95 2.26 91.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 1.84 0.00 100.00

Zone 4 Percentage (%) 7.67 0.00 47.22 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.01 0.00 100.00

Zone 5 Percentage (%) 2.91 0.00 43.21 0.00 0.00 4.53 1.94 44.50 2.91 0.00 100.00

Zone 6 Percentage (%) 48.60 0.00 17.93 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 32.20 0.00 0.85 100.00

Zone 7 Percentage (%) 0.00 0.00 82.30 12.08 0.00 4.39 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.00 100.00

Zone Corn SoybeanWinter Wheat

Spring Wheat

Durum Wheat Barley Potatoes Alfalfa Cotton Rice Total

Zone 1 Points 3,244 3,861 2,468 57,265 31,865 11,333 7 754 0 0 110,797

Zone 2 Points 261,703 234,658 22,366 35,145 7 241 58 4,555 0 0 558,733

Zone 3 Points 1,989 1,520 61,728 0 0 2 0 862 1,236 0 67,337

Zone 4 Points 827 0 5,088 11 0 0 0 0 4,850 0 10,776

Zone 5 Points 27 0 401 0 0 42 18 413 27 0 928

Zone 6 Points 572 0 211 0 0 5 0 379 0 10 1,177

Zone 7 Points 0 0 25,582 3,755 0 1,363 0 382 0 0 31,082