North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 134-155)

DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS

ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHRISTIAN FAITHS EUROPEAN NORMS

GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS HIGHLY URBANIZED MOBILE POPULATIONS HIGH INCOMES MANUFACTURING OUTPUT FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES

PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

CLIMATE PATTERNS

INDIGENOUSDOMAINS

1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980

THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980

BritishIsles

GermanyScandinavia

South/EastEurope

Latin AmericaAsia

Imm

igra

tio

n i

n 1

000s

Push Factors Pull Factors+1840s: Irish Potato Famine +Economic Opportunity+1850-1920: Overpopulation, War +Political/Religious Freedom+Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression +Land Availability

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

URBAN GEOGRAPHY

CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN NETWORKS

4 MAJOR THEMES HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES INTERURBAN GEOGRAPHY INTRAURBAN GEOGRAPHY

• URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING

3 KEY MODELS BORCHERT; ADAMS; VANCE

BORCHERT’S MODEL(METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION)

GENERALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE US URBAN SYSTEM

BASED ON KEY CHANGES IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY

OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870) Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970) Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch

(1970-?)

ADAM’S MODEL

FOCUSED ON INTRAURBAN GROWTH BASED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN

TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY A PATTERN OF OUTWARD-AREAL

EXPANSION OCCURRED IN 4 STAGES

<1888- WALKING-HORSECAR ERA 1888-1920- ELECTRIC STREETCAR ERA 1920-1945- RECREATIONAL AUTO ERA 1945-PRESENT- FREEWAY ERA

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

2

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

1880

2

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

1880

32

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

3

1880

1920

32

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

Expressways

3

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

1880

1920

1

Electric Streetcars,commuter railroads

Arterial Highways

ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH)

Expressways

2 34

1880

1920

1940 1990s

URBAN SPATIAL CHANGESMICROSCALE (Intraurban)

James Vance defines a new tributary area; URBAN REALMS

Single urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)

IDEAL FORM OF MULTICENTERED URBAN REALMS MODEL

North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 134-155)