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PE/COM/DD/47 01.02/EN
GSM SOLUTIONS GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
S12000 Indoor
BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION CUSTOMER PRODUCT OVERVIEW
2002 Nortel Networks Printed in France
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel Networks. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only. The content of this document is provided for information purposes only and is subject to modification. It does not constitute any representation or warranty from Nortel Networks as to the content or accuracy of the information contained herein, including but not limited to the suitability and performances of the product or its intended application.
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NOTICE This document presents the S12000 Indoor Base Transceiver Station (BTS), describing hardware modules and features without distinguishing between standard and optional functions.
For more details on S12000 Indoor BTS commercial packaging, please contact your Nortel Networks representative.
Table of Contents
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...................................................................................................................6 NORTEL NETWORKS BTS Portfolio ...........................................................................7
Highlights.....................................................................................................................10 Physical Characteristics..............................................................................................10 Features......................................................................................................................10 Configuration and Packaging......................................................................................11
General Description....................................................................................................13 PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT.....................................................................................13
RF Functions..........................................................................................................13 Radio Channel Management .................................................................................13 Signal Processing ..................................................................................................14 Base Station Controller Interface ...........................................................................14 Switching................................................................................................................14 Operation and Maintenance...................................................................................14
DIMENSIONS and WEIGHT.......................................................................................15 Architecture.................................................................................................................16
Capacity and Configuration .......................................................................................20 Capacity......................................................................................................................20 Connection to the Base Station Controller..................................................................21 Base Station Controller dependancy ..........................................................................22 Coupling Configurations .............................................................................................22
COMPATIBILITY WITH S8000.....................................................................................26 MODULES..................................................................................................................26 SYNCHRONIZATION.................................................................................................27 CONFIGURATIONS ...................................................................................................27
Installation ...................................................................................................................28 Shipping and Installation.............................................................................................28 Floor Space ................................................................................................................28 Power Supply..............................................................................................................29 Environment................................................................................................................29
Operation and Maintenance.......................................................................................30 Operation ....................................................................................................................30
Initialization ............................................................................................................30
Table of Contents
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Configuration..........................................................................................................30 Fault-monitoring/recovery ......................................................................................30
Maintenance ...............................................................................................................31
Technical Description.................................................................................................32 Compact Base Common Function (CBCF).................................................................32
Functions................................................................................................................32 Architecture ............................................................................................................32
Driver Receiver (DRX or e-DRX) ................................................................................34 Functions................................................................................................................34 Architecture ............................................................................................................35 Technology.............................................................................................................37 Packaging ..............................................................................................................37
Power Amplifier (PA or e-PA) .....................................................................................37 Functions................................................................................................................37 Architecture ............................................................................................................38 Packaging ..............................................................................................................38
Transmission Coupling ...............................................................................................39 Functions................................................................................................................39 Packaging ..............................................................................................................40
Receive Multicoupling.................................................................................................40 Functions................................................................................................................40 Packaging ..............................................................................................................41
Alarm ..........................................................................................................................41 Functions................................................................................................................41
Software......................................................................................................................41
APPENDIX 1: APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (Indoor Products) ........................43
APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE..................................................45
APPENDIX 3: EDGE ....................................................................................................46
APPENDIX 4: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..................................................47
Table of Contents
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 5
FIGURES Figure 1: Architecture Diagram of the S12000 Indoor BTS..........................................16 Figure 2: S12000 Indoor BTS Cabinet Layout .............................................................18 Figure 3: S12000 BTS Capacity and Possible Configurations .....................................21 Figure 4: S12000 BTS Coupling Architectures.............................................................24 Figure 5: S12000 Indoor BTS Installation Configurations .............................................28 Figure 6: S12000 BTS Fault Detection and Recovery .................................................31 Figure 7: CBCF Architecture ........................................................................................33 Figure 8: DRX Functional Block Diagram.....................................................................35 Figure 8: e-DRX Functional Block Diagram .................................................................36
TABLES
Table 1: Radio Equipment of the S12000 Indoor Base Cabinet...................................18 Table 2: CBCF Equipment of the S12000 Base Cabinet .............................................19 Table 3: Extended-CBCF Equipment of the S12000 Base Cabinet .............................19 Table 4: S12000 BTS Combiner Insertion Losses .......................................................25
Highlights
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INTRODUCTION
Specifically designed for indoor installation, the S12000 Indoor Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a complete solution for macrocellular voice and data applications that can deliver the high-capacity needed in cities as well as wide-coverage in remote rural areas. The S12000 BTS is also a platform for future data evolution of GSM networks supporting GPRS today and ready for EDGE services. The S12000 BTS uses the latest technology to provide operators with:
• High capacity accomodating up to 12 TRXs per cabinet and 48 TRXs per site in an optimized and dense packaging,
• Best-in-class radio perfomance thanks to high receive sensitivity receivers, unique interference cancellation and improved spatial diversity algorithms along with high output power, providing optimum coverage and link quality for both data and voice services,
• High modularity concept due to high integration of advanced technology. This in turn contributes to a significant reduction in required floor space, size and equipment operating costs. This concept is adapted to environmental constraints and is leading to the best economic trade-off between initial and final capacity,
• Spectrum efficiency optimization with the support of the undisputed Nortel Networks capacity features that provide high quality voice and data service to a dense subscriber population in a limited spectrum and at competitive cost. These solutions include Fractional Frequency Reuse, Automated Cell Tiering and future AMR evolution.
• Industry leading transmission solution including high signaling concentration on the Abis and drop and insert capability. As an example, a single timeslot only is required for carrying the signaling of a S233 BTS. This represents 30% cost reduction compared to industry standard.
The S12000 BTS product is designed for full growth capability of up to 12 TRXs per cell in a sectorial configuration or 16 TRXs in an omnidirectional site. Future evolution of S12000 BTS will allow to further increase capacity with configurations up to 16 TRXs per cell and 48 TRXs per site.
Highlights
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 7
NORTEL NETWORKS BTS PORTFOLIO
The Nortel Networks family of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) products offers the flexibility of high performance and dense packaging needed to provide the operator with optimum network solutions. This BTS portfolio benefits from Nortel Networks’ vast experience in spectrum management and network engineering.
The Nortel Networks BTS product family is based on a single module approach for the receiver, transmitter, and frame processor, refers to as the DRX (Driver Receiver). The DRX delivers superior performance by integrating advanced digital signal processing that delivers high spectrum efficiency providing the operator with an optimum network solution.
Combined with Nortel Networks’ experience gained through manufacturing and delivering more than 330,000 DRX to more than 40 countries and 70 operators throughout the world, the DRX-based family of BTS products provides the operator with the key ingredients required to minimize both the initial and ongoing infrastructure investment and the on-going operational expenses.
The Nortel Networks BTS products address all possible coverage and capacity requirements ranging from rural-to-urban-to in-building coverage.
S2000H
S8000 (S111 – S888)
e -Cell
S12000 (S222 – S16-16-16)
RuralSmall Towns
Highways Suburban IndoorUrban Dense Urban
S2000H
S8000 (S111 – S888)
e -Cell
S12000 (S222 – S16-16-16)
RuralSmall Towns
Highways Suburban IndoorUrban Dense Urban
The Nortel Networks BTS portfolio includes the following products and benefits:
S8000 BTS
The S8000 is a high performance BTS designed for macrocellular voice and data applications, that has a high modularity and expansion capability providing site configurations ranging from 1 TRX to 8 TRXs per cell in a trisectorial site, or up to 16 TRXs in an omnidirectional configuration.
Because of its superior RF performance (high receiver sensitivity, interference cancellation) and unique frequency re-use features, the S8000 BTS is an excellent product that delivers wide coverage and optimize spectrum efficiency. The S8000 BTS indoor version is designed for protected sites,
Highlights
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while the outdoor version is a fully integrated BTS site with AC power supply and extended temperature range.
S12000 BTS
The S12000 BTS is a twelve-transceivers, high-capacity solution designed to meet the increasing traffic demand on macrocellular voice and future data applications.
The S12000 BTS can provide up to 36 TRXs at a single site with 12 TRXs per cell using only three BTS cabinets. Future evolution will allow to reach 48 TRXs at a single site using four BTS cabinets.
Based on the S8000 BTS market-proven technology, the S12000 BTS inherits its superior RF performances, unique features and main modules and is compatible with the installed S8000 base. Not only can S12000 cabinets be co-sited with S8000 existing sites but also S8000 sites can be expanded by using S12000 cabinets, allowing capacity growth while protecting investment and fully exploiting existing BTS infrastructure. The modular design of S12000 BTS and the possibility to choose between multiple RF-combining options allows the operator to deploy the S12000 solution in a number of different scenarios such as a high-capacity solution in cities or alternatively enabling to provide wide-coverage with a minimum number of sites in rural areas. The S12000 BTS indoor version is designed for protected sites, while the outdoor version is a fully integrated BTS site with AC power supply and extended temperature range.
S2000H BTS
The S2000H BTS is an enhanced BTS ideally suited for field applications such as highways, tunnels, rural or low traffic suburban environments. It provides the highest coverage for a low capacity BTS in the industry. The S2000H Base Unit can house 2 transceivers and allows a maximum of 2 TRX per cell in a trisectorial configuration (S222) by connecting multiple BTSs.
Its small packaging simplifies the site acquisition process and so low cost deployments and raped time-to-market. Moreover, the use of masthead power amplifier architecture maximizes the S2000H link budget and reduces the number of sites required by up to 30% compared with the industry standard, providing saving in infrastructure and operational costs in low density and remote areas.
The S2000H is an ideal product to deploy in the initial stages of GSM coverage rolling out, and suited for highways, tunnels and low traffic areas coverage.
Highlights
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 9
e-cell BTS The e-cell BTS is the new generation compact and lighter weight micro-BTS from Nortel Networks. It is quick and easy to install, an ideal solution for hot spots, patchy coverage and indoor applications. The e-cell unit includes two transceivers and can be easily extendible to a synchronized four-transceivers BTS. It is EDGE-ready and provides an ideal solution for outdoor deployment as part of a microcellular underlay, or for in-building coverage.
Highlights
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HIGHLIGHTS
Designed to meet the economic and environmental constraints inherent in an indoor installation, the S12000 Indoor BTS offers exceptional RF performance and industry-leading transmission capabilities. These features, combined with high configuration modularity and dense packaging help the operator to reduce site count and floor space and to minimize the network expansion investment.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The primary physical characteristics of the S12000 Indoor BTS are optimized to meet the temperature and mechanical requirements of indoor sites:
• High density / low volume (12 TRXs per cabinet and 67 liters (2.37 cu.ft.) per transceiver)
• Full frontal accessibility for ease of maintenance
• Limited floor space: 0.83 m2 (8.93 sq.ft.) including space required for clearance, installation and maintenance. There is no clearance required at the back and at the sides of the cabinet.
• Fully equipped cabinet for fast transportation and installation
• Easy handling
• Cabling from the top of the radio cabinet
FEATURES
The S12000 Indoor BTS benefits from the technological and functional developments undertaken for the entire product range. The S12000 BTS therefore offers a set of features enhancing the Quality of Service and the spectrum efficiency of the network such as:
• Support for GSM frequency bands: - GSM 850, GSM 900 / E-GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 - GSM 900/1800 and GSM 850/1900 Dual Band
• Full support of GPRS data services (CS1 and CS2 coding schemes)
• HW ready to support EDGE modulation using specific DRX (e-DRX) and Power Amplifiers (e-PA). EDGE will be available on V15 release.
Highlights
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 11
• Garanteed –110 dBm dynamic single-branch receive sensitivity (GMSK modulation) at the BTS antenna without any remote Mast-Head Amplifiers
• Improved receiver diversity gain using a Nortel Networks specific algorithm providing 5dB or more diversity gain in most situations when spatial diversity and de-correlated antennas are used.
• Enhanced voice quality due to an innovative algorithm of interference cancellation significantly reduces an end-user’s perception of errors generated in the radio transmission
• Full RF power control range (static and dynamic)
• Support of frequency hopping in synthetized mode
• Voice Activity Detection/Discontinuous Transmission (VAD / DTX)
• Microcellular handover algorithms
• Support of multiple GSM vocoders (Enhanced Full-Rate, Full-Rate) and HW prepared to support AMR Full-Rate and AMR Half-Rate
• Fractional frequency re-use algorithms and techniques including Automated Cell Tiering feature that can dramatically increase the capacity of the network while maintaining an excellent voice quality.
• Dual-band GSM 900/1800 and GSM 850/1900 configurations with single-BCCH, built in a single or in multiple S12000 BTS cabinets
• Drop-and-insert functionality and high signaling concentration on the Abis interface reducing the operating cost of transmission between the Base Stations and Base Station Controller
• High availability based on duplication of common functions and optional N+1 redundancy of the RF or transmission functions
CONFIGURATION AND PACKAGING
Configuration and packaging enable:
• Smooth and flexible capacity expansion – from an omnidirectional BTS with 2 TRXs (in 1 cabinet) up to a trisector BTS with 12 TRXs per sector (S12-12-12) in three S12000 cabinets. Future expansion to 16 TRXs per sector (S16-16-16) using four S12000 cabinets is planned.
• Possibility to expand existing S8000 sites with S12000 extension cabinets to create a site controlled from a single Compact Base Common Function board (common O&M and transmission, cabinets are synchronized).
Highlights
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• S12000 BTS is using the same main FRUs as S8000 BTS that allows the operator to share the main BTS modules and spares, including DRX, Power Amplifier, Combiners, CMCF.
• Minimized number of antennas per sector using the same antenna for the receive and transmit paths.
• Flexible coupling options:
- Duplexers to get the highest RF output power that provide maximum coverage
- TX Filters to maintain the duplexer link budget but enabling capacity to grow beyond 1 TRXs per sector by adding antennas
- Hybrid combiner (2 or 4 channels) to grow capacity up to 4TRXs per sector without adding antennas
• Possibility to split cells on multiple S12000 cabinets, meaning that the TRXs of a sector can be physically located in different cabinets
• Possibility of implementing the highest capacity in the industry trisectorial configurations in a single radio cabinet (S444) using Duplexers or Hybrid combiners.
• Various 900/1800 or 850/1900 dual-band configurations using all types of coupling system
• Optional High Power Amplifier to boost the downlink performance by up to 3 dB for voice and E-GPRS services (number of high power amplifiers is limited to 6 per S12000 cabinet). Availability of the High Power Amplifier is frequency dependent.
• Front access for all module cards and cables to minimize clearance requirements and simplify upgrades, growth and maintenance
Physical Layout
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 13
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT
The S12000 BTS provides the radio interface with the mobile handsets, the associated signal processing and the transmission interface with the Base Station Controller (BSC). The main functions of the S12000 BTS are outlined below. RF FUNCTIONS
• Antenna coupling and duplexing
• Power amplification
• Reception, including RF 2-way receive diversity
• GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation/demodulation
• Shifted 8-PSK EDGE modulation/demodulation using EDGE-capable TRX and PA (e-DRX and e-PA)
• Synthetized frequency hopping in all coupling types
RADIO CHANNEL MANAGEMENT
• BTS and mobile handset power control
• Discontinuous Transmission and Voice Activity Detection (DTX/VAD), on both uplink and downlink paths
• Radio channel filling
• Call set-up/release
• Mobile timing advance processing
• Support of Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) and Full-Rate (FR) speech coding
• HW prepared for support of AMR Full-Rate and AMR Half-Rate (AMR to be available in V14)
Physical Layout
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SIGNAL PROCESSING
• Channel encoding/decoding
• Encryption (A5/2 and A5/1)
• Equalization
• Cancellation of interference
• Processing of radio measurements, including handover algorithms
BASE STATION CONTROLLER INTERFACE
• Communication with the Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Concentration of signaling on the Abis interface (a single PCM timeslot can concentrate signaling for up to eight transceivers)
• Multiplexing of four traffic channels on one PCM slot (each TRX needs two PCM slots for traffic)
• Dynamic A-bis for EDGE traffic (available in V15)
SWITCHING
• Connection between the PCM links and the traffic/signaling channels
• Management of drop-and-insert connections
• Management of the TRXs and PCM link redundancy
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
• High level of availability through duplication of switching, synchronization and control unit (working in active/stand-by mode) and N+1 redundancy
• Monitoring of internal and external alarms, through internal bus and alarm loops
• Remote configuration management from the BSC (site, sector, Abis, TRX)
• Software downloading
Physical Layout
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 15
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
The dimensions of the S12000 Indoor base cabinet are:
Height 1.950 m (76.78 in.)
Width 0.910 m (35.83 in.)
Depth 0.450 m (17.72 in.) Its maximum weight is:
Fully equipped (with 12 DRXs) 345 kg (761 lbs.) (*)
Pre-cabled, non equipped cabinet (no DRX, no PA)
125 kg (276 lbs.) (*)
(*) preliminary estimation
Physical Layout
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ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of the S12000 Indoor BTS relies on the definition of common internal and external interfaces and on a set of common physical modules, enabling the configuration of a BTS according to the required capacity and RF options (power, band, capacity, coupling, etc.).
The S12000 BTS modularity was defined in order to reach the best compromise between the following constraints:
• Flexible growth from S222 up to S12-12-12 (future release will allow for S16-16-16)
• High reliability and ease of maintenance (only front access to the S12000 BTS cabinet is needed for capacity growth and maintenance)
• Maximize the RF power output
Combiner + LNAs
FH Bus
RX-Splitter
DRX DRX
PA PA A L A R M
Combiner + LNAs
FH Bus
DRX DRX
PA PA A L A R M
Combiner + LNAs
FH Bus
DRX DRX
PA PA A L A R M
CBCF
PCM link
O&M bus
Base CABINET (up to 12 DRXs)
Extension CABINET (up to 12 DRXs)
Extension CABINET (up to 12 DRXs)
RX-Splitter RX-Splitter
Figure 1: Architecture Diagram of the S12000 Indoor BTS
The architecture of the S12000 Indoor BTS, as illustrated in the diagram above, is based on the following modules:
• Compact Base Common Function (CBCF) is responsible for all common functions such as concentration, transmission, supervision and synchronization.
A CBCF is implemented in the main cabinet and provisioned according to traffic.
An optional high capacity CBCF (Extended-CBCF) will allow the operator to further increase the S12000 Indoor BTS internal and external connectivity capability.
Physical Layout
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 17
• Power Amplifiers (PA) boosts the RF signal delivered to the antenna through the combiner.
Each PA is a physically independent unit, characterized by its frequency band. Its output power can be controlled independently.
A specific PA is available to support EDGE (e-PA).
• Driver Receive (DRX) units amplify the received RF signals (two in case of diversity), perform the TDMA frame processing and control/drive the power amplifier.
One TRX is then made up of one PA and one DRX.
A specific DRX is available to support EDGE (e-DRX).
• Combiners couple the RF signals delivered by several power amplifiers with the received signals.
The operator can select a variety of coupling modules, depending on the frequency band and the need (e.g. Duplexers, TX Filters, Hybrid Combiner-Duplexer) and the site configuration (number of TRXs and antennas).
• Receiver multicouplers (LNAs + RX-splitters) pre-amplify and split the received signal towards the DRX receivers.
A variety of RX-splitters can be selected, depending on the frequency band and the site configuration.
• Alarm module (RECAL) collects external and internal alarm loops. There is one RECAL board per cabinet. Internal alarms can be used only inside the cabinet. There are 16 external alarms which can be protected by one or two ALPRO boards (one for 8 alarms) providing secondary protection (lighting arrestor) of 16 external alarms.
Physical Layout
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The following diagram shows the position of the modules in the S12000 Indoor base cabinet.
Figure 2: S12000 Indoor BTS Cabinet Layout
The radio portion of the S12000 Indoor BTS can be equipped according to the following table
SUB-RACKS MODULES Min. Number
Max. Number
DRX DRX 2 12
PA PA 2 12
COMBINERS
DUPLEXERS + LNAs
DUPLEXERS + LNAs + TX FILTERS
H2D: HYBRIDS + DUPLEXERS + LNAs
H4D: HYBRIDS + DUPLEXERS+ LNAs (*)
2 2 2 2
12 12 12 6
RX-SPLITTERS
RX-SPLITTERS 1 8
Diversity is taken into account
(*) H4D not available for GSM 1900 and GSM 850
Table 1: Radio Equipment of the S12000 Indoor Base Cabinet
Physical Layout
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 19
The CBCF portion is equipped according to the following table
SUB-RACKS
MODULES Number of Modules
CBCF CMCF (control, routing, concentration, and synchro.) CPCMI (PCM link interface) CBCFICO (interconnection) RECAL
2 (1active/1 passive) or 1 (*)
1 to 3(**) 1
1 (per cabinet)
(*) Only one CMCF for the “simplex CBCF” option (**) Optional redundancy up to 3 CPCMI boards
Table 2: CBCF Equipment of the S12000 Base Cabinet
Using the Extended-CBCF optional equipment, the CBCF portion is equipped according to the following table
SUB-RACKS
MODULES Number of Modules
Extended- CBCF
CMCF (control, routing, concentration, and synchro.) CPCMI (PCM link interface) CBCFICO (interconnection) RECAL
2 (1active/1 passive) or 1 (*)
1 to 4(**) 1
1 (per cabinet)
(*) Only one CMCF for the “simplex CBCF” option (**) Optional redundancy up to 4 CPCMI boards
Table 3: Extended-CBCF Equipment of the S12000 Base Cabinet
The corresponding configurations are defined in the following section.
Capacity and Configuration
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CAPACITY AND CONFIGURATION
CAPACITY
The S12000 Indoor BTS can be housed in one to three cabinets. Future evolution will allow a third cabinet extension (requires the optional Extended-CBCF module), for a total of four S12000 cabinets. The number of S12000 BTS cabinets depends on the required capacity:
• For a capacity not exceeding 12 TRXs, only one cabinet is required, namely the Base Cabinet.
• For capacities of over 12 TRXs, one or two additional Extension Cabinets are required.
Capacity and configuration upgrades are particularly flexible and easy, allowing a maximum capacity of:
• 16 TRXs per cell in omnidirectional site
• 12 TRXs per cell in bi- or trisectorial site
• 16TRXs per cell (future evolution)
• 36 TRXs per BTS in only three cabinets
• 48 TRXs per BTS in four cabinets (future evolution)
• 6 cells per site (e.g. dual-band)
The following diagram gives examples of configurations which can be implemented in one to three S12000 radio cabinets:
Capacity and Configuration
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 21
O2
O4
O12
O8
S11
S66
S111
S444
S77
S12-12
S555
S888
S9-9-9
S12-12-12
O2
O4
O12
O8
S11
S66
S111
S444
S77
S12-12
S555
S888
S9-9-9
S12-12-12
Figure 3: S12000 BTS Capacity and Possible Configurations
CONNECTION TO THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER
Transcoders may be located at the BSC or MSC site. Only two PCM timeslots over the Abis interface are required for each 8-radio timeslot DRX. The S12000 BTS performs 16 kbps multiplexing, making it possible to multiplex four traffic channels on a single 64 kbps PCM timeslot. The drop and insert capability is used to reduce the number of PCM links needed to connect the BTS to their Base Station Controller. This can be implemented through Chain connection or Loop connection, depending on the level of reliability required.
Capacity and Configuration
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BASE STATION CONTROLLER DEPENDANCY
The S12000 BTS can be controlled from a BSC 2G or from a BSC e3. However, S12000 will offer its maximum configuration using the last generation of Nortel Networks BSC (BSC e3). The following table gives the maximum TRX units and maximum configuration allowed on a S12000 Indoor BTS using BSC 2G or BSC e3 for V13 and V14 system releases: V13 release
BSC Type Max number of DRX per
cabinet
Max number of TRX per
cell
Max number of TRX per
site
Max omni / tri- sectorial
configurations
BSC 2G BSC e3
12 12
16 16
24 36
1O16 / 3S888 1O16 / 3S12-12-12
V14 release
BSC Type Max number of DRX per
cabinet
Max number of TRX per
cell
Max number of TRX per
site
Max omni / tri- sectorial
configurations
BSC 2G BSC e3
12 12
16 16
24 48
1O16 / 3S888 1O16 / 4S16-16-16
COUPLING CONFIGURATIONS
Coupling architecture is designed to allow the operator to reach the best compromise between cost, losses and quality of service. As such, it is based on the following principles:
• Distribution of the PA power between the antennas (RF loss reduction)
• Diversity used – spatial or polarization
• Coupling selection adapted to the number of TRXs per cell
Capacity and Configuration
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 23
The operator can perform transmission combining by selecting one of the following modules (examples using a single S12000 cabinet):
• Duplexers, whenever the configuration does not exceed two TRXs per cell. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with duplexers.
• Transmit filters (TX filters) used to extend configurations with duplexers beyond two TRXs per cell. The advantage of the TX Filter is that it maintains the same link budget as a duplexer, which in many case avoids cell splitting and maintains excellent voice quality. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with transmit filters.
• Two channel hybrid combiners with integrated duplexer (H2D), for medium capacity configurations (typically 2 to 4 TRX per cell). Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with H2D combiners.
• Four channel hybrid combiners with integrated duplexer (H4D), for configurations with five or more TRXs per cell. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with H4D combiners. H4D is not available for GSM 850 and GSM 1900.
Receiver multicouplers pre-amplifies the signal received from the duplexer, and splits it into several outputs to drive the DRX receivers. Each RX-splitter in standard provides four outputs and two RX-splittters are necessary when space diversity is used. Another RX-splitter type is available and provides two outputs. These modules are described in further detail in the Technical Description section. The following diagram illustrates the most common coupling architectures.
Capacity and Configuration
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LNA
Duplexer
LNA
Duplexer
PA PA
RX-splitters
LNA
H2D
LNA
H2D
PA PA
RX-splitters
PA PA
1-2 TRX 3-4 TRX (a)
LNA
Duplexer
LNA
Duplexer
PA
RX-splitters
3-4 TRX (b)
PA
TX-Filter TX-Filter
PA
1 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
PA
LNA
Duplexer
LNA
Duplexer
PA PA
RX-splitters
LNA
H2D
LNA
H2D
PA PA
RX-splitters
PA PA
1-2 TRX 3-4 TRX (a)
LNA
Duplexer
LNA
Duplexer
PA
RX-splitters
3-4 TRX (b)
PA
TX-Filter TX-Filter
PA
1 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
PA
LNA
H4D
LNA
PA
RX-splitters
5-8 TRX (a)
1
H4D
PA
2PA
3PA
4PA
5 6 7 8PA PA PA
LNA
H2D
LNA
H2D
PA
RX-splitters
PA PA
5-8TRX (b)
1 2 3 4
H2D H2D
PA PAPA PA
5 6 7 8
PA
LNA
H4D
LNA
PA
RX-splitters
5-8 TRX (a)
1
H4D
PA
2PA
3PA
4PA
5 6 7 8PA PA PA
LNA
H2D
LNA
H2D
PA
RX-splitters
PA PA
5-8TRX (b)
1 2 3 4
H2D H2D
PA PAPA PA
5 6 7 8
PA
LNA
H4D
LNA
PA
RX-splitters
9-12 TRX
1
H4D
PA
2PA
3PA
4PA
5 6 7 8PA PA PA
LNA
H4D
PA
9 10 11 12PA PA PA
RX-splitters
LNA
H4D
LNA
PA
RX-splitters
9-12 TRX
1
H4D
PA
2PA
3PA
4PA
5 6 7 8PA PA PA
LNA
H4D
PA
9 10 11 12PA PA PA
RX-splitters
Figure 4: S12000 BTS Coupling Architectures
The typical losses induced by these combiners are listed in the table below.
Capacity and Configuration
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 25
Note: These losses does not include internal S12000 BTS coax losses between the PA and the combiner and between the combiner and the antenna connector port on the S12000 BTS bulkhead.
TRANSMISSION COUPLING DEVICE INSERTION LOSSES GSM
850/900 GSM
1800/1900
Single Duplexer 0.9 dB 1.1 dB
TX Filter 0.9 dB 1.1 dB
Hybrid Duplexer H2D 4.3 dB 4.5 dB Hybrid Duplexer H4D * 7.4 dB 7.6 dB
* No H4D for GSM 850 and GSM 1900
Table 4: S12000 BTS Combiner Insertion Losses
The standard Power Amplifier produces a nominal power of 30 Watts on both GMSK and shifted 8-PSK modulations (EDGE).
The optional High power amplifier produces a nominal power of 60 Watts on GMSK modulation and 45 Watts on shifted 8-PSK modulation (EDGE). Note: High Power PA will be introduced on V14 for GSM 1900, availability on other frequencies will depend on market demand.
Capacity and Configuration
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COMPATIBILITY WITH S8000
MODULES
The S12000 is part of the DRX-based product family and allows the operator to use the same main modules in S8000 BTS and in S12000 BTS. The following modules can be used either in S8000 or S12000 cabinets:
• CBCF, including the following boards
o CMCF (control, routing, concentration, and synchro. board)
o CPCMI (PCM link interface board)
o CBCFICO (interconnection board)
o RECAL (alarm board)
• DRX and e-DRX
• Power Amplifier (PA and e-PA)
• Transmission Coupling units, including
o Duplexer
o TX Filters,
o H2D hybrid combiner
o H4D hybrid combiner
Note 1 : Minimum software level on S8000 DRX / eDRX is required for compatibility with S12000. . S12000 DRX / e-DRX are compatible with both S8000 and S12000 BTS products. Note 2 : If a S8000 CMCF spare is plugged into a S12000 BTS as the passive BCF, the board is automatically upgraded by the active SW S12000 CMCF. If a S8000 CMCF spare is plugged into a S12000 BTS as the active BCF, the board is automatically upgraded by the network. A S12000 CMCF can be inserted in a S8000 and will be automatically downloaded by the network. Note 3 : The Optional Extended-CBCF is only compatible with S12000 BTS.
Capacity and Configuration
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 27
SYNCHRONIZATION
When expanding a S8000 site with S12000, the cabinets can be chained and be synchronized together. This synchronization allows to take the full advantage of the additional S12000 capacity with the possibility to build a sector using TRX physically located in different cabinets. Additionally, the synchronization allows the operator to operate fractional re-use on the S8000/S12000 site as on a S8000 or S12000 site, with no change on hopping engineering rules and consequently the same procedures and benefits on capacity and quality. The synchronization requires no hardware change on the existing S8000 BTS. Note: The capacity expansion of S8000 BTS with S12000 BTS requires no hardware change on the existing S8000 BTS if already equiped with CBCF board.
CONFIGURATIONS
The possibility to expand S8000 sites with S12000 cabinets allows the operator to grow the capacity of the installed S8000 sites. The following chained configurations are allowed:
• For mono-cabinet S8000 sites, one or two S12000 extension cabinets can be installed, to form a single high capacity site.
• For bi-cabinet S8000 sites, one S12000 extension cabinet can be installed, to form a single high capacity site.
Note: The capacity expansion of S8000 BTS with S12000 BTS requires no hardware change on the existing S8000 BTS if already equiped with CBCF board.
Installation
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INSTALLATION
SHIPPING AND INSTALLATION
The S12000 Indoor Base Station can be installed easily in any equipment room. It is designed to be shipped and installed fully equipped, with mechanical racking, all fixed cabling and pre-tested. The S12000 Indoor BTS is shipped with one single door in standard. As a future evolution of the S12000 Indoor BTS, a two-doors option will be available. In case of problem the doors will be easily removable.
FLOOR SPACE
Three typical S12000 Indoor BTS installation configurations with the 2-doors option are illustrated below
Total Area: 0.83 m²
Front access for maintenance
0.450
0.455
0.910S12000 Indoor Baseor extension cabinet
Total Area: 0.83 m²
Front access for maintenance
0.450
0.455
0.910S12000 Indoor Baseor extension cabinet
Figure 5: S12000 Indoor BTS Installation Configurations
The S12000 Indoor BTS requires a floor space limited to 0.83 m² (8.93 sq.ft.) per cabinet, because installation and maintenance are performed from the front, with the cabinet doors in a 90° position.
Installation
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 29
All modules are front-cabled, eliminating the need for a backplane and sides or rear access. Moreover, as the air intake is placed on the front of the BTS, the operator is able to install the cabinets against a wall without the need for any clearance at the rear. The maximum cable length between two cabinets is 10 meters (32.8 ft.).
EXTERNAL CABLING All external cables connect from the top.
POWER SUPPLY
The S12000 Indoor BTS is supplied with standard DC power supply (-48 V).
ENVIRONMENT
The S12000 Indoor BTS is designed to be started up when the external ambient air temperature is in a range of 0°C to +45°C (+32°F to +113°F). When switched on, it operates in an external ambient air temperature range of -5°C to +45°C (+23°F to +113°F), with a relative humidity level of 5% to 95%. The specifications are listed in Appendix 1, and more detailed environmental performances are defined in Appendix 2.
Operation and Maintenance
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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
OPERATION
The S12000 Indoor BTS performs the Operation functions under the control of the Base Station Controller (BSC), through the Abis interface. These functions are initialization, configuration and fault-management/recovery. INITIALIZATION
A hardware reset or a reinitialization message from the BSC triggers the S12000 BTS startup. Software downloading may be initiated for reinitializating the BTS or updating the software. All these operations can be handled remotely from the OMC-R. CONFIGURATION
All parameters are programmed under the control of the BSC, including:
• Abis interface (traffic and signaling channels)
• Radio characteristics (frequency, power, BCCH filling, etc.)
• TDMA frame
• PCM interfaces (error rate, etc.)
• Connections established in the switch.
FAULT-MONITORING/RECOVERY
The S12000 Indoor BTS provides a high degree of service availability using an efficient fault detection and correction process based on the following principles:
• Active/stand-by redundancy of all common modules (control, switch, clock, CMCF boards) and optional N+1 redundancy for the CPCMI, DRX, PA and DC converters.
• Permanent monitoring of all external physical alarms, reporting of internal faults to the Base Control Function and internal tests
• Immediate local corrective action for major failures, with isolation of the faulty element and reconfiguration (when duplicated)
• Soft blocking of the faulty module, whenever possible
Operation and Maintenance
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 31
• Reporting of all events to the BSC, for observation and corrective actions in the event of minor failure
• Ongoing updating of standby modules to limit information loss in the event of a switchover
The fault detection and recovery process is summarized in the following diagram
PRIVATE PCMp<0..5> & SEL<4..7>
8DRXs
RECAL(AMU) 8
DRXsRECAL(AMU)
Main cabinet Extension cabinet
Abis_PCM<0..5>
48VDC
PCMp<0.1>48VDC
Convert.Alarms
48VDCPCMp<2..3>
8 DRXs
RECAL(AMU)
48VDCPCMp<4..5>
Extension cabinet
CMCF
CBCF SIU
(Only external links are represented) ALPRO ALPROALPRO
Alarms & Alarms &Alarms &RemoteControls*
CPCMI
RemoteControls*
RemoteControls*
* Remote Controlsare pending onmarket demand
Figure 6: S12000 BTS Fault Detection and Recovery
MAINTENANCE
Front access to the installed electronic and environmental control equipment in the S12000 Indoor BTS cabinet facilitates maintenance. In the event it becomes necessary to change a module, it can be unplugged or plugged in without service interruption in the following cases:
• The module is redundant, or
• The module is on one carrier which wouldn’t interrupt other carriers
The following features also facilitates the performance of diagnostics and testing:
• Local optional terminal remotely connected to the OMC-R
• Display of status and alarms on the front panels of the modules (power ON, PLL locked/unlocked, active PCM clock, loss of frame, error counter, etc.)
• Reset or initialization buttons
• Test connectors
Technical Description
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TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
COMPACT BASE COMMON FUNCTION (CBCF)
FUNCTIONS
The Compact Base Common Function covers all the functions related to a complete site, including:
• Drop-and-insert facilities for the PCM links with the BTS controller (BSC)
• Reference clock for the air interface, synchronized on the Abis interface and GSM TIME calculations
• Conversion of electrical signals, from external to internal PCM channels
• Switching of PCM slots
• Configuration and supervision of all modules
ARCHITECTURE
Designed to operate in duplex mode with redundancy of the control, switching and synchronization functions, the CBCF architecture is based on the following boards:
• The concentration, routing and synchronization module (CMCF)
• The pulse code modulation interfaces (CPCMI)
• An interconnection module (CBCFICO).
• Hardware interface for the GPS receiver for the potential future applications.
An alarm and management unit (RECAL) is connected to the CBCF.
Technical Description
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 33
CPCMI
DRX
DRX
RECAL
RECAL
RECAL
DRX
AMU
CONTROL, SWITCHING, CONCENTRATIONAND SYNCHRONISATION
CMCF - ACTIVE
CMCF - STANDBY
BCFICO
Figure 7: CBCF Architecture
Compact Main Common Function (CMCF) This unit, which is duplicated and operates in duplex mode, performs all interface, control and maintenance functions, including:
• Connection to the BSC
• Management of synchronization modules
• Management of frequency hopping bus
• Management of the Active/Stand-by process and collection of all alarms and recovery actions from the Alarm Management Unit
A non-blocking switching matrix provides 16 PCM ports (between the CPCMI boards, the signaling boards and the DRX) and performs the switching required for the drop-and-insert option and for dynamic allocation of redundant PCM links. Compact Pulse Code Modulation Interface (CPCMI) This unit (a maximum of 3 CPCMI boards can be equipped in CBCF and a maximum of 4 CPCMI boards can be equipped in Extended-CBCF) provides the interface with the Abis PCM trunks, as well as the alarm management function. Two PCM trunks are implemented per CPCMI boards. CPCMI is available in two optional standards (E1 or T1) and with two optional impedances (120 or 75 ohms for E1).
Technical Description
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DRIVER RECEIVER (DRX OR E-DRX)
FUNCTIONS
The DRX includes the entire set of functions necessary to handle a full TDMA frame, including RF receive diversity and RF transmission at low levels.
The RF receive diversity uses Maximum Ratio Combining algorithm (MRC).
A separate Power Amplifier (PA) handles the amplification required for transmission.
Specific DRX and PA are available to support 8-PSK modulation for EDGE (e-DRX and e-PA).
The main functions supported by the DRX include:
• Management of the Abis interface
• Discontinuous transmission of GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation
• Discontinuous transmission of shifted 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation using specific EDGE DRX (e-DRX)
• Diversity reception
• RF power control
• Equalization
• Channel coding/decoding for Full-Rate (FR), Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) speech channels, and for data channels including GPRS and EDGE (available in V15) using e-DRX
• Channel coding/decoding for AMR Full-Rate and AMR Half-Rate (AMR available in V14)
• Synthetized frequency hopping
• Ciphering (A5/1 or A5/2)
• Local alarm management
Technical Description
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 35
ARCHITECTURE
The DRX architecture is based on:
• A Digital part, including a management unit (AMNU), a Digital Control Unit for signal processing, the Transmit Logic (interface with the transmission part in the radio board) and a Time Base Unit . It is compatible with all frequency bands.
• A Radio part composed of a power supply board and of DRX radio board which includes receiver and transmitter unit. One specific radio board is required for each frequency band (850, 900, 1800, 1900).
• Two Power Supply boards include one DC/DC converter.
Figure 8: DRX Functional Block Diagram
The e-DRX architecture consist of :
• An e-LDRX digital board including a DC/DC converter, a frame processor TX logic (GMSK and 8–PSK modulation), and a local time base, working for all frequency bands.
• An e-RDRX radio board including a DC/DC converter, a low power driver and a dual receiver
Technical Description
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Figure 9: e-DRX Functional Block Diagram
As mentioned previously, the algorithm implemented in the DRX logic provides exceptional immunity to interference using a process that cancels correlated additive noise. This algorithm is optional and is controlled by software at the OMC. Additionally, the diversity gain can be increased by almost 2 dB for dispersive fading channels with a time spread of less than 1 microsecond, in most cases. Hence, the diversity gain is estimated at 5 dB for products based on DRXs.
The DRX processing provides very high performance : the S12000 Indoor BTS achieves -115 dBm guaranteed receive sensitivity when diversity gain is taken into account.
Note: e-DRX availability in GSM 900 pending on market demand
Technical Description
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 37
TECHNOLOGY
All these performances as well as the packing density are based on a set of highly integrated components specifically developed by Nortel Networks. PACKAGING
The DRX boards are mounted in a closed metal housing, with a suitable heat sink. DRX and e-DRX boards have the same dimensions as folllows:
Height 350 mm (13.78 in.)
Width 65 mm (2.56 in.)
Depth 300 mm (11.81 in.)
Weight 7 kg (15.43 lbs.)
POWER AMPLIFIER (PA OR E-PA)
FUNCTIONS
The Power Amplifier (PA) boosts the level of the GMSK modulated RF pulse, generated by the transmit driver (located in the DRX subassembly), up to the RF power level required before coupling/combining.
The EDGE Power Amplifier (e-PA) boosts the level of the GMSK or shifted 8-PSK modulated RF pulse, generated by the transmit driver (located in the DRX subassembly), up to the RF power level required before coupling/combining.
These levels depend on the chosen class as defined by ETSI 05.05 specification.
Specific PA/e-PA are associated to each of the four frequency bands (GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900).
The GSM 850/900/1800/1900 base line versions (PA and e-PA) deliver an output power of 30 Watts (+44.8 dBm +/- 0.5 dB) on GMSK and shifted 8-PSK modulations. A calibrated detector measures this power, and the DRX adjusts it. An optional EDGE PA (He-PA) version delivers an output power of 60 Watts (+47.8 dBm +/- 0.5 dB) on GMSK and 45 Watts (+46.53 dBm +/- 0.5 dB) on
Technical Description
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shifted 8-PSK modulations. He-PA is only available on GSM1900. The number of high power amplifiers is limited to 6 per S12000 cabinet. Note: He-PA will be introduced on V14 for GSM 1900, availability of other frequencies will depend on market demand. ARCHITECTURE
The PA/e-PA module includes:
• RF amplifier
• DC/DC converter
• Temperature probe
• DC consumption detector
PACKAGING
The Power Amplifier (PA/e-PA) subassembly is designed as a stand-alone unit used inside the BTS. It is mounted in a closed metal housing, fitted with a suitable heat sink and provided with RF coaxial and DC multiway connectors. The same housing is used for all frequency ranges: GSM850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900. PA, e-PA and He-PA boards have the same dimensions as folllows:
Height 250 mm (9.84 in.)
Width 65 mm (2.56 in.)
Depth 300 mm (11.81 in.)
Weight 5 kg (11.02 lbs.)
Note: He-PA dimensions are based on a preliminary estimation and subject to change.
Technical Description
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 39
TRANSMISSION COUPLING
FUNCTIONS
The operator can use different types of couplers to couple the Power Amplifiers to the antennas and to combine the Rx and Tx paths – hybrid combiners, transmit filters or duplexers. Their main characteristics of each are summarized below: Duplexer This device filters the signal transmitted from the PA and preamplifies and protects the receiver from transmitted signals. It uses a single antenna feeder. It is a full-band device for each of the GSM frequency bands. Particularly well adapted to small capacities (1 to 2 TRXs per cell) the duplexer limits the transmission losses to about 1.5 dB (typical losses including the cable losses between the PA and duplexer – and between the duplexers and the antenna connector on the S12000 BTS bulkhead), providing high coverage performance. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with duplexers. Transmit (TX) Filter This device only filters the signal transmitted from the PA to the antenna and does not provide the reception path. It is a full-band device for each of the GSM frequency bands. Particularly well adapted for sectors with capacities of 3 to 4 TRXs, the TX filter provides high coverage performance (same transmission losses as Duplexer). As a result, the TX filter allows the operator to maintain the coverage area provided with duplexers, when the capacity of the sector increases beyond 2 TRXs. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with transmit filters. H2D Hybrid Combiner This wide-band device provides all the functionality of the duplexer described above and combines the signals from two power amplifiers through a two-channel hybrid combiner. The typical overall insertion loss induced by this type of combiner is about 5 dB (including the cable losses between the PA and hybrid combiner – and between the hybrid combiner and the antenna connector on the S12000 BTS bulkhead). The received signal is delivered to the RX-splitter. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with H2D combiners.
Technical Description
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H4D Hybrid Combiner This wide-band device provides all functionalities of the duplexer described above and combines the signals from four Power Amplifiers through a four-channel hybrid combiner. The typical overall insertion loss induced by this type of combiner is about 8 dB (including the cable losses between the PA and hybrid combiner – and between the hybrid combiner and the antenna connector on the S12000 BTS bulkhead). The received signal is delivered to the RX-splitter. Synthesized frequency hopping can be used with H4D combiners. PACKAGING
The combiners are housed in the coupling shelf which may include:
• 6 Duplexers + 6 TX filters (1S444 configuration using 2 cross-polarized antenna per sector, for example)
• 12 Duplexers (1S222_222 dual band configuration)
• or 4 Duplexers and 8 TX filters (1S66 configuration, for example)
• or 6 H2D hybrid combiners (1S444 configuration using 2 antennas per sector, for example)
• or 3 H4D hybrid combiners (1S444 configuration using 1 antenna per sector, for example)
As an add-on to these coupling devices, an optional VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) meter equipment is enclosed in a dedicated housing. It receives two signals from the duplexer proportional to the forward and reflected powers. If the signal is in a power range between the nominal level and 12 dB below the nominal level, the VSWR equipment delivers three alarm signals for three preset VSWR values (two values for TX-filters).
RECEIVE MULTICOUPLING
FUNCTIONS
The RX multi-coupling design contains two basic components: • Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) boosts the signal from the duplexer
• RX-splitter separates each of the signal coming from the LNA into two (or four) outputs to drive up to 2 (respectively 4) TRXs, depending on the RX multi-coupling packaging.
The RX-splitters are powered up by DRXs.
Technical Description
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 41
PACKAGING
The LNAs are integrated into the TX combiners. Two packagings are available. The first packaging includes 1 RX-splitter - 1 input to 4 outputs. A new packaging includes 2 RX-splitters - 1 input to 2 outputs. The RX-splitters are housed in a dedicated shelf below the DRX shelf.
ALARM
FUNCTIONS
The Alarm module (RECAL) is in charge of collecting the external and internal alarm loops, and also in charge of managing the alarms relative to the OEM equipment. The capacity of the alarm system is:
• 16 inputs for external loops (current loops)
• 88 input loops (level detection, diode protected) internal and external
• 4 analog inputs (*)
• 4 command outputs (*) The alarm module is connected to the CBCF which alerts the BSC in case of an alarm. An optional protection board (external alarm module) is necessary to expand the connectors and protect the loops. Each protection board provides:
• 8 external loops with lightning protections for user defined purposes
• 2 command outputs for user purposes (*) Up to two of these optional protection boards can be plugged on the S12000 Indoor BTS.
* Hardware. Software handling is pending on market demand.
SOFTWARE
The BTS software is distributed among the following units:
• the CBCF unit, which provides the interface between the Base Station and its Base Station Controller, and manages the Operation and Maintenance of the Base Station
Technical Description
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• the DRX units, designed to transmit and receive (modulate and demodulate), and manage the TDMA frame
• Redundancy is operated in passive/dynamic mode, with hot restart.
• The active processor sends status information to the stand-by processor.
• If a major failure occurs on the active side, the stand-by processor takes over CBCF control.
All the software can be downloaded from the Base Station Controller (under the control of the OMC-R), with a selective loading option (file by file).
Appendix 1
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 43
APPENDIX 1: APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (INDOOR PRODUCTS)
Ref A1 IEC 721-3-3 (3) Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and their Severities Stationary use at Weather Protected Locations.
Classes 3K5/3Z2/3Z4/3B2/3C2/3S3/3M2.
Ref A2 IEC 529 Degree of Protection Provided by Enclosures.
Ref A3 IEC 917 Module Order for Development of Mechanical Structures for Electronic Equipment Practices.
Ref A4 IEC 721-2-6 (2) Environmental Conditions Appearing in Nature-Earthquake Vibration and Shock.
Ref A5 ETS 300 342-2 Radio Equipment and Systems ; Electromagnetic Compatibility for European Digital Cellular Telecommunication System (GSM 900/1800) Part 2: Base Station Radio and Ancillary Equipment.
Ref A6 FCC Part 15 Class B: Radio Frequency Devices. (The GSM1900 product is not FCC approved.)
Ref A7 ISO 1996/1 Acoustics - Description and Measurement of Environmental Noise Part 1 Basic Quantities and Procedures.
Ref A8 ISO 7779 Acoustics - Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Computer and Business Equipment.
Ref A9 ISO 3270 Methods of Tests for Paints.
Ref A10 ISO 3461 Graphic Symbols.
Ref A11 ISO 3864 Safety Colors and Safety Signs.
Ref A12 ETS 300 019-1-1 Classification of Environmental Conditions Storage Class 1.2.
Ref A13 ETS 300 019-1-2 Classification of Environmental Conditions Transportation Class 2.2.
Ref A14 EN 60950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment.
Ref A15 UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No 950: Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment.
Appendix 1
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Appendix 2
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 45
APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
The references (Ref []) are connected with Appendix 1: Applicable Specifications.
Operational Temperature Range
The S12000 Indoor BTS is designed to operate when the external ambient temperature is in the range of -5°C to +45°C. This operational temperature range is achieved within one hour of BTS switch-on.
The internal ambient air temperature range for a safe switch-on of all Indoor BTS equipment is 0°C to +45°C.
Mechanical Life The S12000 Indoor BTS mechanical design operates under the environmental conditions defined by Ref [A1], for a minimum period of 15 years. This lifetime shall be achieved without the requirement for routine maintenance.
Ingress Protection The S12000 Indoor BTS meets the requirements of IP20 as defined by Ref [A2].
EMC/EMI The S12000 Indoor BTS meets the requirements [A5].
Product Safety For Europe the product is CE marked. It complies with [A14].
Acoustics Noise The maximum sound power level emitted by the S12000 Indoor BTS is 65 dB (A), when measured in accordance with Ref [A8].
Operational Vibration The S12000 Indoor BTS is designed to operate under the vibration limits defined by Ref [A1].
Humidity The S12000 Indoor BTS is designed to operate under the humidity levels defined by Ref [A1].
Air Purity The S12000 Indoor BTS is designed to operate under the conditions of airborne mechanically chemically active substances, defined by Ref [A1] - Class 3C2/3S3.
Seismic Shock The mechanical design of all BTS products takes into account the effects of seismic shock up to the level of seismic shock level 3, as defined by Ref [A4].
Appendix 3
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APPENDIX 3: EDGE
EDGE (EGPRS) is a new modulation technique and improved coding schemes introduced to enhance the bit rate of GSM carriers. EDGE (EGPRS), together with GPRS is part of the 2.5G evolution made to enhance wireless packet data services on the existing 2G spectrum (GSM, DCS, PCS). EGPRS enables a single GSM carrier to provide data services at data rates from 64kbs up to 384kbs according to the radio conditions and the number of resources allocated in each cell and the proximity of the user to the BTS antenna. The advantage of EDGE over newer 3G architectures is that it doesn’t require the deployment of a new network. The introduction of EDGE is an evolution of GPRS services based on exiting GSM equipment. Quite often this can be accomplished with a TRX and PA upgrade. This keeps the operator’s capital investment to a minimum.
Appendix 4
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 47
APPENDIX 4: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Abis ETSI generic name for the BSC-BTS interface
AC Alternative current (power source)
AMR Adaptative Multirate Coding
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Common mobile logical channel used for broadcasting system
information on the radio interfaces.
BSC Base Station Controller
BSS Base Station Subsystem A BSS is made up of BSCs, plus a number of BTSs, some
transcoder units, and an OMC-R. A BSS is connected to an MSC, and therefore to the global
network through the A interface.
BTS Base Transceiver Station CBCF Compact Base Common Function Generic name of the set of BTS equipment handling the
common functionality of a radio site.
CBCFICO Interconnection unit of the CBCF
CMCF Compact Main Common Function. CBCF board for control, routing, concentration and synchronization
CPCMI Compact Pulse Code Modulation Interface This board pertains to the CBCF.
dBm Decibel milliwatt Logarithmic unit to express a power level, with reference to
1 mW.
DC Direct Current (power source)
Diversity The receiver includes both main and diversity channel down conversion and sampling in the same RX volume. Both channels are then processed by the Frame Processing Unit (FPU), using an equivalent Maximal Ratio Combining technique through a joint equalization of both receive signals.
Drop and insert A technique allowing several components to be daisy chained on a common physical bus with each component, and ensuring data integrity and positioning.
DRX Driver + Receiver + Frame Processor
DTX Discontinuous Transmission A technique allowing the suppression of transmission when
nothing is to be transmitted.
Appendix 3
48 11/02/2002 01.02/EN PE/COM/DD/47
Duplexer A frequency band selective circulator. Used, as any multiplexer, to minimize the number of physical transmission lines. For radio, transmission lines are antenna systems.
E1 Standard European PCM (2.048 Mbit/s)
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
e-DRX EDGE Driver + Receiver + Frame Processor
e-PA EDGE Power Amplifier
E-GPRS EDGE on Genaral Packet Radio Services
E-GSM Extended GSM
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power.
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic interference
ETSI European Telecommunication Standard Institute
FCC Federal Communications Commission FH bus Frequency hopping bus Shortcut to name a distributed switching matrix allowing
baseband frequency hopping without apparent specific hardware.
FP Frame Processor
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Radio modulation used in GSM 900/1800.
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GSM 850 Radio cellular network standard operating at 850 MHz.
GSM 900 Radio cellular network standard operating at 900 MHz.
GSM 1800 Radio cellular network standard adapted for the 1800 MHz frequency band.
GSM 1900 Radio cellular network standard adapted for the 1900 MHz frequency band.
H2D 2-way hybrid combiner
H4D 4-way hybrid combiner
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control Protocol used on data links. He-PA EDGE High Power Amplifier
IEC International Electrotechnical Committee
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
Appendix 4
PE/COM/DD/47 11/02/2002 01.02/EN 49
An RF amplifier used to enlarge very small useful signals received with minimum added noise.
MLT Microwave Link Terminal
MRC Maximum Ratio Combiner Name of the most efficient linear combining technique for
receive diversity.
MSC Mobile Services Switching center
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center for the radio sub-system. OMC-R then stands for Operation and Maintenance Center - Radio
PA Power Amplifier
PCM Pulse Code Modulation By extension, name given to the E1 or T1 physical link.
PLL Phase Locked Loop
8-PSK 8-Phase Shift Keying Radio modulation used in EDGE
PSU Power Supply Unit
RECAL Alarm handling module. This module is present in every S8000/S12000 cabinet.
RF Radio Frequency
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
R-GSM Railway GSM
RX BTS receiver
SYNC Synchronization module
T1 Standard US PCM system (1.544 Mbit/s) TDMA Time Division Multiple Access Multiple access technique based on timeslot structure.
TRX BTS Transmitter/Receiver
TX BTS transmitter
VAD Voice Activity Detection
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
