NordicStatistics 2016

2

Nordic Statistics 2016

Ed: Klaus Munch Haagensen, Statistics DenmarkUlla Agerskov, Nordic Council of MinistersDatabase: Troels A. Vestergaard, Statistics Denmark

ANP 2016:761ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF)http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2016-761ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)

© Nordic Council of Ministers 2016

Photo: ScanpixPrint: RosendahlsCopies: 1,000Printed in Denmark

Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive.

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Nordic Statistics 2016

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More statistics on www.norden.org/facts

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Preface

Although small individually, the importance of the Nordic countries as a group is considerable. Did you know that the combined gross domestic product of the Nordic Region makes it the world’s twelfth largest economy? Or even that the Nordic Region is bigger than the whole of India, making it the seventh largest landmass in the world?

This pocket edition of Nordic Statistics 2016 offers a glimpse into the data that helps to paint a picture of our Nordic society – for example that every resident of Iceland visits the theatre twice as often as those living in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

For more information on this data, please visit www.norden.org/facts for links to Nordic Statistics and for more data that opens the door to countless fascinating analyses.

Happy reading!

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Symbols Nil -Less than half 0Not applicable .Data not available ..Link to database :

Country codesDenmark DKFaroe Islands FOGreenland GLFinland FIÅland AXIceland ISNorway NOSweden SEThe Nordic Region NREuro area EAThe European Union EU

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Contents / themes

The Nordic countries ...................................................................8The Nordic Region in an international context ...................10 Climate and energy ................................................................... 16Labour market ...........................................................................24Research and education ..........................................................32Innovation and creativity ......................................................... 40Social services and equality ....................................................46Trust and transparency ............................................................52Economy ..................................................................................... 58

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Sweden Area km2 447,435Population 9,851,017Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Carl XVI GustavCapital population 2,231,439 (Stockholm)

DenmarkArea km2 43,561Population 5,707,251Status Constitutional monarchy Head of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 1,280,371 (Copenhagen)

Greenland Area km2 2,166,086Population 55,847Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe IICapital population 17,316 (Nuuk)

Faroe IslandsArea km2 1,396Population 48,704Status Home rule within the Kingdom of DenmarkHead of state Queen Margrethe II Capital population 20,521 (Tórshavn)

The Nordic countries

9

FinlandArea km2 338,430Population 5,487,308Status RepublicHead of state President Sauli NiinistöCapital population 1,122,101 (Helsinki)

IcelandArea km2 103,492Population 332,529Status RepublicHead of state President Guðni JóhannessonCapital population 213,619 (Reykjavik)

Åland Area km2 1,581Population 28,916Status Home rule within the Republic of FinlandHead of state President Sauli Niinistö Capital population 11,461 (Mariehamn)

Norway Area km2 323,781Population 5,213,985Status Constitutional monarchyHead of state King Harald V Capital population 1,252,923 (Oslo)

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KEY FIGURES 2015*

The Nordic Regionin an international context

*2015 or latest available data. In this table, the Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. EU: The 27 or 28 member states of the European Union as per 1 January 2013 or 1 January 2014. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices between the countries.

11

Total land area1,000 km²

56.1% 37.1%

ARABLE LAND

7.3% 16.6%24.0% 11.6%

68.5% 33.9%FOREST AREA

THE NORDIC REGION

1,147

UNITED STATES

9,832

EU

4,307

JAPAN

378

12

Population (million)

THE NORDIC REGION 27EU 509JAPAN 127 UNITED STATES 321

THE NORDIC REGION 17

EU 118

JAPAN 336

UNITED STATES 33

Density(inhabitants/km²)

13

Life expectancy(years)

Women

Men

75 80 85 90

● US 81.4 ● EU 83.6 ● THE NORDIC REGION 83.8 ● JAPAN 86.8

75 80 85 90

● US 76.6 ● EU 78.1 ● THE NORDIC REGION 79.7 ● JAPAN 80.5

Total fertility rate

THE NORDIC REGION

1.8EU

1.6JAPAN

1.4USA

1.9

14

GDP(billion USD)

NORDIC REGION 1,277

EU 19,191

JAPAN 4,738

UNITED STATES 17,947

GDP per capita(PPS, USD)

NORDIC REGION 48,335

EU 37,691

JAPAN 36,581

UNITED STATES 54,353

GDP growth(per cent)

THE NORDIC REGION

2.2EU

2.0JAPAN

0.5US

2.4

15

USEU

Taxes(per cent of GDP)

THE NORDIC REGION

JAPAN

43 38 30 26

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

512

2,24

8

699

1,63

3

432

2,19

1

799

2,37

4Exports / imports(billion USD)

● THE NORDIC REGION ● EU ● JAPAN ● US

16

Since 1995 the Nordic economies have almost doubled while reducing CO2 emissions by almost 20 per cent.

17

Climate and energy

18 CLIMATE AND ENERGY

Average temperature in the Nordic capitals 

 Temp01. Denmark, Greenland and Åland: 1990–2014 data. Iceland: 1997–2015 data. 

   

‐2

0

2

4

6

8

10

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SEAverage 1961–1990 Average 1990–2015

Degrees  Celsius

Emissions of greenhouse gases, per capita 

 Indic302 and Popu02 

   

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

DK FI IS NO SE NR EU281990 2000 2014

CO2‐equivalents, tonnes

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 19

Indigenous energy production 2014 

  Ener06 

   

1%

35%

37%

18%

9%Coal

Oil

Gas

Renewable energy

Nuclear energy

The Nordic Region

 

 Ener06 

   

20%

9%

15%26%

30%Coal

Oil

Gas

Renewable energy

Nuclear energy

EU28

20 CLIMATE AND ENERGY

Gross inland consumption of energy 2014

 Ener05  

   

7%

30%

8%17%

37%

1%

 Coal

 Oil

 Gas

 Nuclear power

 Renewable energy

Other

The Nordic Region

 

 Ener05 

    

17%

34%21%

14%

13%

1%

 Coal

 Oil

 Gas

 Nuclear power

 Renewable energy

Other

EU28

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 21

Final inland consumption of energy 2014 

 Ener10 

   

34%

26%

23%

3%

14%Industry

Transport

Households

Agriculture and fishery

Services and other sectors

The Nordic Region

: Ener10

27%

34%

25%

0%

14%Industry

Transport

Households

Agriculture and fishery

Services and other sectors

EU28

22 CLIMATE AND ENERGY

Decoupling environmental pressures and economic growth 

 

 

 

 

 70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1501995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

GDP Greenhouse gas emissions

The Nordic Region1995=100

+ 46 %

- 20 %

 

 

 

 

 

 

Indic401 

 

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

GDP Greenhouse gas emissions

1995=100 EU28

+ 36 %

- 19 %

CLIMATE AND ENERGY 23

Environmental taxes 

 Pubs15 

    

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

The Nordic Region2006

The Nordic Region2014

EU282006

EU282014

  Energy taxes   Transport taxes   Taxes on pollution and resources

Per cent of total taxes

Organic farming 

  Area02 and Oeko01. Total farm area: Arable land and permanent meadows and pastures.  Sweden: 2000=2002 data. Åland: Only arable land.

0

5

10

15

20

25

DK FI AX IS NO SE2000 2014

Per cent of total farm area

24

Two thirds of Nordic women are full-time employed.

25

Labour market

26 LABOUR MARKET

Employment rates 2015 

 Work02. Åland: 2011 data. Faroe Islands, Greenland and EU28: 2014 data. 

   

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE NR EU28Men Women

Per cent of age group 15–64 years

All employed by gender 2015  

 Work02 

   

52%48%

Men

Women

The Nordic Region

54%46%

Men

Women

EU28

LABOUR MARKET 27

Unemployment rates 

 Work02 

    

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015

The Nordic Region EU28

Per cent of age group 15–64 years

Youth unemployment rates 2015 

 

 Work02 

   

0

5

10

15

20

25

Total Men Women Total Men Women

The Nordic Region EU28

2000 2015

Per cent of age group 15–24 years

28 LABOUR MARKET

Absence from work for at least a week due to illness 

 Soci02 

    

0

1

2

3

4

5

DK FI IS NO SE

1990 2000 2014

Per cent of employed

Absence from work for at least a week due to illness 2014 

 Soci02 

   

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

DK FI IS NO SE  Men   Women

Per cent of employed

LABOUR MARKET 29

Maternity and paternity leave 

 Soci04 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

DK FI IS NO SE NR2000 2014

Number of benefit days taken per capita

 Soci04  

   

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

DK FI IS NO SE NR2000 2014

Percentage of days taken by men

30 LABOUR MARKET

Annual median income 2015 

  Inco02. Sweden: 2014 data. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices  between the countries. 

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

DK FI IS NO SESingle person with dependent childrenTwo or more adults with dependent children

PPS/euro

LABOUR MARKET 31

32

Today there are more than three times as many doctors per inhabitant in the Nordic Region as there were in the 60s.

33

Research and education

34 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

Level of education (age group 25–74) 2015 

 Educ01 

19%

44%

34%

3%

  Primary and lower secondary

  Upper and post secondary

  Tertiary

  Level not specified or unknown

The Nordic Region

 Educ01 

   

27%

45%

28%

0%

  Primary and lower secondary

  Upper and post secondary

  Tertiary

  Level not specified or unknown

EU28

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 35

Student performance by literacy, PISA 2012 

Reading literacy  Mathematical literacy  Scientific literacy 

Japan  538  Korea, Rep. of  554  Japan  547 Korea, Rep. of  536  Japan  536  Finland  545 Finland  524  Switzerland  531  Estonia  541 Canada  523  Netherlands  523  Korea, Rep. of  538 Ireland  523  Estonia  521  Poland  526 Poland  518  Finland  519  Canada  525 Estonia  516  Canada  518  Germany  524 New Zealand  512  Poland  518  Netherlands  522 Australia  512  Belgium  515  Ireland  522 Netherlands  511  Germany  514  Australia  521 Belgium  509  Austria  506  New Zealand  516 Switzerland  509  Australia  504  Switzerland  515 Germany  508  Slovenia  501  United Kingdom  514 France  505  Ireland  501  Slovenia  514 Norway  504  New Zealand  500  Czech Republic  508 United Kingdom  499  Denmark  500  Austria  506 United States  498  Czech Republic  499  Belgium  505 Denmark  496  France  495  OECD average  501 OECD average  496  OECD average  494  France  499 Czech Republic  493  United Kingdom  494  Denmark  498 Italy  490  Iceland  493  United States  497 Austria  490  Luxembourg  490  Spain  496 Hungary  488  Norway  489  Norway  495 Portugal  488  Portugal  487  Hungary  494 Spain  488  Italy  485  Italy  494 Luxembourg  488  Spain  484  Luxembourg  491 Israel  486  Slovak Republic  482  Portugal  489 Iceland  483  United States  481  Sweden  485 Sweden  483  Sweden  478  Iceland  478 Slovenia  481  Hungary  477  Slovak Republic  471 Greece  477  Israel  466  Israel  470 Turkey  475  Greece  453  Greece  467 Slovak Republic  463  Turkey  448  Turkey  463 Chile  441  Chile  423  Chile  445 Mexico  424  Mexico  413  Mexico  415 

 Pisa01 

   

36 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

University students 

 Educ02 and Popu02 

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

DK GL FI AX IS NO SE

Per cent of age group 20–39

 Educ02 and Popu02 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2000 2006 2013Men Women

Per cent of age group 20–39, the Nordic Region  total

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 37

Financial support for students 2015 

 

 Educ07 

   

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

DK FI IS NO SE

Grant Loan

Euro per month

PhD graduates 2014 

 Phdg02. EU28: 2013 data. 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

DK FI NO SE EU28Men Women

Per million inhabitants

38 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

R&D staff  

 Rede04 

   

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2005 2014

Per cent of total employment

Total government expenditure on R&D 

 Rede01 

   

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

2000 2005 2014

Per cent of GDP

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 39

New enterprise creation 

 Entp02 

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

The Nordic Region Germany United Kingdom

USA Australia

Index 2007=100

40

Since 2000 the stock of other media than books has increased between 20 and 80 per cent in the Nordic countries while lending books has decreased between 10 and 20 per cent.

41

Innovation and creativity

42 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

Patents 2015 

 Pate01 

   

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

DK FI IS NO SEFiled applications Granted patents

Per million inhabitants

Cultural employment 

 Cult23 

   

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

DK FI IS NO SE EU28

Per cent of total employment

INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 43

Government expenditure on culture and leisure 2014 

 Cult20. Faroe Islands: 2009 data. Greenland: 2012 data. 

   

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE EU28

Euro per capita

Government expenditure on culture and leisure 

 Cult20 

    

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

210

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

DK FO GL FI NO SE EU28

Index 2006=100

44 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

Film premieres 2015 

 Cult05 

 

   

22%

26%

5%

17%

30%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

Share of Nordic film premieres

Film premieres 2015 

 Cult05 

   

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE

National Foreign

Number

INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 45

Theatre visits 2015 

 Cult15. Iceland and Greenland: 2014 data. Sweden: 2010 data. 

  10

  20

  30

  40

  50

  60

  70

  80

  90

DK FO GL FI IS NO SE

Visits per 100 inhabitants

46

Life expectancy for women in the region is now 84 years. At the start of the 60s the average life expectancy for women was “only” 74 years.

47

Social services and equality

48 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY

Gini coefficient 

 Gini01. Faroe Islands: 2005=2009 data. EU28: Data from 2005 cover only EU27. 

   

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EU282005 2014

Risk of poverty 2014

 

 Riop01 

0

5

10

15

20

25

DK FI IS NO SE EU27

Single parent with dependent children

Two or more adults with dependent children

Per cent of households

SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 49

Recipients of social security 

 Soci12. Faroe Islands: 2013=2011 data. Finland and Norway: 2013=2012 data. 

   

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

DK FO FI IS NO SE

2000 2005 2010 2013

Per cent of population 18+ years

Social expenditure by financial source 2013 

 Soex06 

   

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

DK FO FI IS NO SE

Public authorities Employers Insured Other means

Percentage of total expenditure

50 SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY

Gender pay gap (to the benefit of men) 

 Indic109 

   

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

DK FI IS NO SE EU27

Percentage difference

Candidates elected to the national parliaments  (as per most recent election) 

 Ele03 

   

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EUMen Women

Per cent

SOCIAL SERVICES AND EQUALITY 51

Valid votes at the two latest national elections 

 

 Ele01 

   

0

20

40

60

80

100

DK FO GL FI AX IS NO SE EUPrevious election Latest election

Per cent

52

Over the last 5 to 6 years the total number of asylum requests per year in the Nordic countries has varied between 45,000 and 75,000.

53

Trust and transparency

54 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY

Emigration from the Nordic Region 2015 

 Migr02. Finland: 2014 data. 

   

27%

6%

25%4%

9%

1%

10%

18%Intra‐Nordic

Poland and the Baltic countries

Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other

Immigration to the Nordic Region 2015 

 Migr01 

13%

11%

22%

7%6%

9%

29%

3%Intra‐Nordic

Poland and the Baltic countries

Other EEA

Other Europe

America

Africa

Asia

Other

TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY 55

Asylum requests and asylum granted in the Nordic Region 

 Migr04 

   

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Requests Grants

Asylum requests in the Nordic countries 2015 

 Migr04 

   

4%2%

0%

12%

82%

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

Share of requests

56 TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY

Unaccompanied children seeking asylum 

 Migr05 

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

NR EU28 (excl. DK, FI and SE)

Number of requests

TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY 57

58

About one fifth of the foreign trade in the Nordic countries is trade with other Nordic countries.

59

Economy

60

KEY FIGURES 2015*

Economy

Unemployment(per cent)

DENMARK 6.3

FINLAND 9.6

ICELAND 4.2

NORWAY 4.5

SWEDEN 7.6

: Key01. * 2015 or latest available figures. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole legal tender by 1 January 2015.

61

Balance of payments(surplus per cent of GDP)

Interest rate(per cent)

Public sector surplus(per cent of GDP)

Inflation(2014–2015, per cent)

Economic growth(per cent)

1.2

7.0

0.7

-2.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.7

-2.7

-0.2

4.0

4.2

6.3

-0.5

0.3

1.6

8.7

1.6

5.7

2.0

4.1

5.8

0.7

0.0

0.7

62 ECONOMY

GDP per capita 

 

 Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices  between the countries. 

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

The Nordic Region EU28

PPS/euro

 Indic102 and Popu02. PPS: Purchasing Power Standards which eliminates differences in prices  between the countries. 

   

19,000

24,000

29,000

34,000

39,000

44,000

49,000

DK FI AX IS NO SE EU28

PPS/euro

ECONOMY 63

GDP – real annual growth 

 Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole  legal tender by 1 January 2015. 

    

‐6

‐4

‐2

0

2

4

6

The Nordic Region EA19

Per cent 

GDP – real annual growth 

 Indic401. EA19: The 19 EU member states that had adopted the euro currency as their sole  legal tender by 1 January 2015. 

   

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

DK FI IS NO SE EA19

Per cent

64 ECONOMY

Trade balance of goods – export minus import 

 Fotr49 and Naac01 

   

‐20

‐15

‐10

‐5

0

5

10

15

201995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

DK FI IS NO SE

Per cent of GDP

Trade between the Nordic countries 

 Fotr44 

    

8101214161820222426

DK FI IS NO SE

Per cent of total export

ECONOMY 65

Trade between the Nordic countries 

 Fotr43  

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

DK FI IS NO SE

Per cent of total imports

66 ECONOMY

ECONOMY 67

Nordic Council of MinistersVed Stranden 18DK-1061 Copenhagen Kwww.norden.org

Nordic Statistics 2016This pocket edition provides only a small selection of data from Nordic Statistics. Visit www.norden.org/facts for more data and statistics about the Nordic Region and the Nordic countries.

ANP 2016:761ISBN 978-92-893-4692-4 (PRINT)ISBN 978-92-893-4693-1 (PDF)ISSN 2414-6609 (ONLINE)ISSN 2414-6595 (PRINT)