Nordic Centers of Excellence - a platform for international research collaboration:

Example from climate research

Dr. Ilona Riipinenon behalf of Prof. Markku Kulmala andThe CRAICC / CBACCI / BACCI teams

NCoE CRAICC: Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in Changing Arctic Climate

Air pollution – climate interactions(Arneth et al., Science, 2009)

Estimated that up to 70% of Arctic warming since 1976 is due to decreases in sulphate aerosols and parallel increases in Black Carbon emissions (Shindell and Faluvegi, Nature Geoscience, 2009)

Society and human activities

Forcing- direct anthropogenic- indirect anthropogenic

- natural

Other feedbacks in the climate system

Changes in the cryosphere- snow

- sea ice- land ice

A

B

C

D

E

Arctic warming

Emis

Climate change / Focus on the Arctic

i o n ss

Interlinks between different components in climate change and cryosphere

CRAICC PARTNERSDENMARK:• University of Aarhus, Dept. of Atmospheric

Environment (NERI) • University of Copenhagen, Dept. of

Chemistry • Risø National Laboratory

FINLAND: • University of Helsinki, Dept. of Physics,

Dept of Forest Sciences, Dept of Geosciences and Geography, and Dept of Environmental Sciences

• Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)• University of Eastern Finland

ICELAND:• University of Iceland

NORWAY: • University of Oslo, Department of

Geosciences• Norwegian Univ. of Science and

Technology• Norwegian Meteorological Institute • Norwegian Insititute for Air Research

(NILU)

SWEDEN:• Lund University, Dept of Physics• Stockholm University, Dept of Physical

Geography and Quaternary Geology• Swedish University of Agricultural

Sciences• University of Gothenburg, Dept of

Chemistry

How to meet the research and innovation needs – why are we a center of excellence? • Clear and ambitious vision• Empirical and experimental (laboratory, field, instrument development...)• Theoretical (basic theories, simulations, model development..)• Supradisciplinary (physics, chemistry, biology, meteorology, etc.)• From research to innovations; new SMEs• Collaboration• Spirit of publishing• Continuity

Kulmala et al., 2009, EUCAARI, ACP

Continuous measurements and measurement networks – spatial and temporal coverage

SMEAR II HyytiäläBACCI network through Nordic countries

Stations:Nordic Centre of excellence BACCI

Centers of excellence: From national to global level

Abbreviations: ABS=Atmosphere-Biosphere Studies; ACTRIS = European aerosol and atmospheric chemistry infrastructure; BACCI= Research Unit on Biosphere-Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions;CBACCI=Carbon- Biosphere-Atmosphere-Cloud-Climate- Interactions; COPAL= COmmunity heavy-PAyload Long endurance Instrumented Aircraft for

Tropospheric Research in Environmental and Geo-Sciences;CRAICC= Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate;EINAR= European Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Earth System Research;EUCAARI= European Integrated Project on Aerosol-Cloud-Climate-Air Quality Interactions; EUSAAR= European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research; FCoE=Finnish Centre of Excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of

Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change; GS= Finnish graduate school; IAGOS= In-service Aircraft for Global Observing System;ICOS =Integrated Carbon Observation System; IGBP= International Geosphere-Biosphere Program; iLEAPS=integrated Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Processes Study; IMECC= Infrastructure for Measurements of the European Carbon Cycle; P-S GAW= Pallas-Sodankylä Global Atmosphere Watch Station; PEGASOS= Pan-European Gas-AerosSOls-climate interaction Study; SIOS= Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System; SMEAR=Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations

Why Nordic collaboration?• Research

– Boreal, Arctic focus– Similar environmental problems and impacts – According to our experience: effective

• Science policy – Traditions – Joint Nordic efforts

• EU projects• global visibility, EINAR

• Knowledge transfer– Similar education, joint degrees needed

• Practical – Short distances – personal meetings– Common history, easy to understand each other – Seminars, courses, workshops, research visits, visiting professors