Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable Energy Resources and Locations

Nonrenewable Energy

Resources andLocations

1. Energy Sources

2. Oil3. Natural Gas4. Coal5. Nuclear Energy

www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

http://www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

Energy Sources• Today’s society requires a lot of energy that is

developed from the earth’s natural resources.

• Primary Energy Resources: The fossil fuels(oil, gas, and coal), nuclear energy, falling water, geothermal, and solar energy.

• Secondary Energy Resources: Those sources which we get from primary resources such as electricity, fuels from coal (synthetic natural gas and synthetic gasoline), and alcohol fuels.

www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

http://www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

Fossil Fuels• Fossil fuels come from the decay of living things

from millions of years ago.• They make up about 80% of the energy

generated in the U.S.• The fossil fuels used in energy development

are:• Natural gas• Liquid hydrocarbons • Coal



Problems with Fossil Fuels• Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources –

we can’t create them…once they’re gone they’re gone. Scientists believe we will be out of fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century.•They are a major source of pollution•Burning fossil fuels produce large

amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming



1. Energy Resources

2. Oil3. Natural Gas4. Coal5. Nuclear Energy



Oil• Deposits of crude oil often are trapped

within the earth's crust and can be removed by drilling a well.• It is made by the decomposition of deeply

buried material from plants & animals

Sources of Oil•Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) -- 13 countries have 67% of the world’s oil:

• Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, & Venezuela

•Other important producers: Alaska, Siberia, & Mexico.



1. Energy Resources 2. Oil

3. Natural Gas4. Coal5. Nuclear Energy



Natural Gas - Fossil Fuel

• Mixture •50–90% Methane (CH4)

•Ethane (C2H6)

•Propane (C3H8)

•Butane (C4H10)

•Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt


Sources of Natural Gas•Russia & Kazakhstan - almost 40% of world's supply.

• Iran (15%)

•Qatar (5%)

•Saudi Arabia (4%)

•Algeria (4%)

•United States (3%)

•Nigeria (3%)

•Venezuela (3%);



billion cubic metres

http://www.eni.it/english/notizie/analisi/numeri_energia/gas_riserve.html

Natural GasExperts predict increased use of natural gas during this century

1. Energy Resources 2. Oil3. Natural Gas

4. Coal5. Nuclear Energy



Coal: Supply and Demand

•Coal exists in many forms•Coalification: After plants died chemical

decay developed a product known as peat• Over many years, thick peat layers formed. • Peat is then converted to coal by natural

events which expose the peat to great pressures and temperatures.



Coal: LocationsChina0 China is the world's largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. It has the

third largest reserves, behind Russia and the United States with 13.5 percent of the world's coal.

The United States0 The United States has the world's largest deposits of coal, an estimated 28.6 percent

of the world's coal. Russia0 Russia is the fifth largest producer of coal but has the second largest reserve, at 18.5

percent of the world's coal. Australia0 Australia has the fourth greatest coal deposits in the world, at 76.5 gigatons or about

9 percent of the world’s coal. Europe0 The growth of natural gas use has made most of the coal production obsolete in

recent years. Germany, Poland and Ukraine still rely heavily on coal for electricity. The general trend for most European nations, however, is for the phase-out of the coal industry due to environmental concerns.


http://www.ehow.com/about_5452952_coal-deposits-found.html

http://www.ehow.com/about_5452952_coal-deposits-found.html


Main Coal Deposits



Advantages and Disadvantages

Pros•Most abundant fossil fuel•Major U.S. reserves•300 yrs. at current consumption rates•High energy yield

Cons•Dirtiest fuel, highest carbon dioxide•Major environmental damage•Major threat to health © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP



1. Energy Resources 2. Oil3. Natural Gas4. Coal

5. Nuclear Energy



Nuclear EnergyIn a conventional nuclear power plant a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction heats water to produce high-pressure steam that turns turbines generates electricity.

Nuclear Energy•Concerns about the safety, cost, and liability have slowed the growth of the nuclear power industry•Accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island showed that a partial or complete meltdown is possible

Three Mile Island•March 29, 1979, a reactor near Harrisburg, PA lost coolant water because of mechanical and human mistakes and caused a partial meltdown

•50,000 people were evacuated & another 50,000 fled area

•Unknown amounts of radioactive materials released

•Partial cleanup & damages cost $1.2 billion

•Released radiation increased cancer rates.



Chernobyl•April 26, 1986, reactor explosion (Ukraine) flung radioactive debris into atmosphere

•Health ministry reported 3,576 deaths•Green Peace estimates 32,000 deaths•About 400,000 people were forced to leave their homes

•~62,00 sq mi contaminated•> Half million people exposed to dangerous levels of radioactivity

•Cost of incident > $358 billion



http://www.uraniumsa.org/%20safety/safety.htm

Use of Nuclear Energy• U.S. phasing out• 40% of 105 commercial nuclear power plants

expected to be retired by 2015 and all by 2030• No new U.S. power plants ordered since 1978• U.S. currently ~7% of our energy is nuclear• France 78% of their energy is nuclear• Some countries (France, Japan) investing

increasingly• North Korea is getting new plants from the US



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Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable Energy Resources and Locations