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Non-Revenue Water Management in Cyprus
Amman, December 3, 2018
• Water Management in Cyprus
• Network Design and Development
• Non-Revenue Water Activities
• Leakage Monitoring and Management
• Targeting and Benchmarking
• Intermittent Water Supply
2
Presentation Contents
Water
Management in
Cyprus
3
Recent Water Situation in Cyprus
Gradual change in the climate
Substantial decrease in annual rainfall >20%
Reduction of runoff into the reservoirs > 40%
Periods of low rainfall are becoming more frequent
Demand is continuously increasing
Frequent periods of low or no rainfall (1991-92,1997-2000, 2008-09)
Government forced to apply water restriction measures
o Drastic water cuts in irrigation
o Severe restrictions to domestic water supply
Add water to the National Balance:
o Construction of desalination plants: 80Mm3 (2017)
o Use of treated effluent for agriculture: 22Mm3 (2017)
Need for water conservation and water loss management
4
5
Recent Water Statistics for Cyprus
Source: Water Development Department
Water Inflow to Dams(Total Dam Storage: 332 Mm3 )
Annual Quantities of Treated Effluent form WWTPs
Water Usage by Sector
Source Contribution to Potable Water
Athens – LimassolAugust 2008 – April 2009
35,000 m3/day
5 Euro/m3
Shipping Water
6
7
NRW is:
a continuous activity
an integral part of distribution network management
based on a long term strategy
cost effective, especially in water scarce areas
HOWEVER, ITS SUCCESS DEPENDS ON:
Commitment and dedication at all levels
Adoption of appropriate methodologies and technologies
Use of appropriate and reliable indicators for benchmarking, such as
liters/service connection /day and ILI
NRW Management
8
Key Performance Indicators
Water Board of Nicosia
YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 19.5 2.9 137
2012 23.0 4.3 203
Water Board of Larnaca
YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 23.0 2.5 131
2012 28.0 3.3 168
Water Board of Lemesos
YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day
2007 16.7 1.8 91
2012 24.0 2.8 143
Continuous 24x7x365 potable water supply – coverage is 100% in all areas
Network Design
and Development
9
10
Major Network Developments (Water Board of Lemesos)
1986 - 1990
• Major expansion of storage and supply network
• Establishment of pressure zones and DMAs
• Installation of SCADA system
1991 -1993
• Pressure reduction study
• Installation of pressure management in 8 out of 27 DMAs
1994 - 1995
• Digitization of all maps of the water supply and distribution system
1997 - 1998
• Review of leakage control activities by external consultant
• Recommendations for the establishment of a leakage management policy
1999 - 2012
• DMA re-design and application of pressure management (45 DMAs)
• Use of advanced technology in DMA monitoring and leak detection
• Adoption of IWA WLSG “best practice” approach to NRW managementSource: WBL
11
Network Design – Key Considerations
DMA categories
Small : <1000 properties
Medium : 1000 – 3000 properties
Large : 3000 – 5000 properties
Factors considered in DMA design
Minimum variation in ground level
Single entry point into the DMA
Well defined DMA boundaries
Area meters correctly sized and located
Apply pressure management
Continuous monitoringSource: WBL
12
Typical DMA Inlet Chamber
Source: WBL
13
Monitoring and Data Transfer
PSTN and GSM Network
Dedicated Computer
in Control Room
WWW
Data Communication E-mails / SMS sent from each DMA
Alarms sent to Operator’s mobile
phone for:
o High/Low pressure
o High MNF
o No flow
o Low battery status
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN DMAs
Pressure Management
Reduction in:
surges and excess pressures
burst rates and background leakage
repair costs
flow rates of all leaks
some components of consumption
Before pressure reduction
After pressure reduction
Reduction
in MNF
Before pressure reduction
After pressure reduction
Reduction
in MNF
Reduction
in MNF
14
15
High quality materials / Proper installation
High standard of maintenance
Pipeline replacement using a decision support system
Pipeline and Assets Management
Accurate measurement of:
o Water produced and/or imported
o Water flow to and out of treatment plants
o Water flow to and out of storage reservoirs
o Water flow into Districts
o Customer consumption
Eliminate or minimise
Authorised Un-metered Consumption
16
Accurate and Comprehensive Metering
The first step in establishing how much water is produced and used
Non-Revenue
Water Activities
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Annual Water Balance (m3) (“Top - Down”)
……… Reaching the point of Accountability
Commercial Losses
All customers are metered
Water theft
o Theft from hydrants
o Meter by-passes
o Tampering with meters
Meter under- registration
o Improve meter accuracy
o Use of volumetric meters
o Certified meter test bench
Meter reading errors
o Hand-held devices
o Change meter readers’ routes
o Check zero/low consumption
Accounting errors
o Billing software
o Threshold alarms
Source: Rizzo and Cilia, 2005
19
20
Physical Losses
Reduction in:
Surges and excess pressures
Burst rates and background leakage
Flow rates of all leaks
Some components of consumption
Visual leaks
Unreported
leaks
Minimize “Leak Run Time”
Use quality materials & specification
Perform quality repairs & inspection
High quality materials / Proper installation
High standard of maintenance
Pipeline replacement using a decision support system
Speed and Quality of Repairs
Minimize “leakage run time”; Management of leak ID, location, and repair processes; Measure leak run & repair
times; Quality materials specification; Quality repairs & inspection
House connection polyethylene
House connection galvanised iron
Distribution pipework
Number of Pipes Repaired Response Repair Time
Reported Leaks 2007
243
(11%)
712
(34%)
1,169
(55%) Same day
(85%)
Next day
(13.5%)
Next two days
(1.5%)
21
Source: WBL
22
Active Leakage Control
Pressure Reduction
DMA(Sector 2)
AZNP (m) Actual MNF(m³/hr)
Backgroundlosses(m³/hr)
Locatable losses(m³/hr)
before after before after before after before after
220 64 32 3,92 2,16 0,63 0,24 1,88 0,51
221 63 36 5,69 3,85 3,39 1,65 0,16 0,07
222 54 28 3,07 2,24 1,53 0,71 0,05 0,03
223 53 29 3,58 2,56 1,70 0,82 0,35 0,20
224 53 29 5,50 2,52 1,68 0,82 2,23 0,11
225 64 34 12,96 9,78 5,42 2,41 4,16 3,99
226 64 34 10,04 6,84 5,62 2,55 0,37 0,24
227 59 38 15,52 10,44 5,91 3,38 5,11 2,56
228 43 39 7,60 7,20 3,42 3,03 0,51 0,50
229 41 36 4,06 3,73 1,13 0,96 2,01 1,85
230 47 40 21,80 18,00 5,57 4,60 9,37 6,54
231 52 42 11,01 7,92 4,63 3,54 2,17 0,18
232 39 32 5,17 4,32 1,32 1,05 2,21 1,63
233 42 33 4,45 3,96 1,48 1,10 1,48 1,37
234 48 38 3,55 2,44 0,32 0,23 2,26 1,24
Total before 117,92 43,75 34,32
Total after 87,96 27,09 21,02
23
REDUCTION 30 m3/hr(Sector 2) (25%)
Annual water saving = 220 000 m3
or € 170 000
Reduced Burst Frequency( Reported Leaks)
Description Number of bursts reported Reduction
of leaksBefore(7 months)
After(7 months)
Distribution
mains49 27 45%
Communication
pipes296 178 40%
24
Location Pressure Reduction Overall reduction in burst
incidents
Cyprus(Water Board of Lemesos)
32% 41%
Australia(A.Lambert)
40% 55%
Comparison of Results
ANNUAL COST SAVING
IN PIPE BURST REPAIRS €100 000
Leakage
Monitoring and
Management
25
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DMA Flow and Pressure Monitoring
130121127224125226322222320131126134220324124128221323321227225120325122123228129132223
PRIORITIZE LEAKAGE ACTIVITIES BASED ON ESPB AND
ON VALUE OF WATER SAVED
MNF Analysis
27
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MNF Monitoring
29
A L R
A L R
Awareness (A)=2days; Location (L)=28days; Repair (R)=1day
Loss of water=7200 m3
Leak Location and Repair
Awareness (A)=2days; Location (L)=10days; Repair (R)=1day
Loss of water=4200m3
Targeting and
Benchmarking
30
Goal Setting
• Identified areas to be improved
• Prioritized most effective actions
Benchmarking
• Decided on Key Performance Indicators
• Checked and compared performance to other utilities
31
Targeting and Benchmarking
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Y E A R
N
R
W
a
s
%
o
f
S
I
V
Non – Revenue WaterFinancial PI basic (IWA Level 1, Fi 36)
Drought Years
Intermittent
Supply
Source: WBL32
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
YEAR
litr
es/
con
n/d
ay
Liters / service connection / dayOperational PI for Real Losses basic ( IWA Level 3, Op 24 )
Technical Performance: A – pressurized system: average pressure 40 m
(Developed Countries) : <100 liters/connection/day
Drought Years
Intermittent
Supply
Source: WBL33
0
1
2
3
4
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
YEAR
I
L
I
Infrastructure Leakage IndexOperational PI for Real Losses Detailed (IWA Level 3, Op 25)
Technical Performance: A (ILI 1-2: Excellent – no specific intervention required)
(Developed Countries)
Drought Years
Intermittent Supply
Source: WBL34
Intermittent
Water Supply
35
Source: Water Board Lemesos, Cyprus
Increase in Leakage
36
20 DMAs: 373Km: 45%total2008 – 2009 Intermittent Water Supply (IWS)
Description
Number of reported breaks
2007 (24x7x365)
Before IWS
2010 (24x7x365)
After IWS%increase
Mains 14 / 100km 42 / 100km 200
Service
connections
15 / 1000
connections
30 / 1000
connections100
Source: Water Board Lemesos, Cyprus
Increase in the Number of Breaks
37
YearSystem Input
VolumeCustomer
Consumption
2007Before Intermittent Supply
0%(base line)
0%(base line)
2008Intermittent Supply -17,5% -9,2%
2009Intermittent Supply -9,1% -8,9%
2010After Intermittent Supply +12,8% -1,2%
Source: Water Board Lemesos, Cyprus
System Input vs Consumption
38
