Non-Linguistic Representation

What is non-linguistic representation?It is an imagery mode of representation

The imagery mode is expressed as mental pictures and physical sensations such as:•smell •taste•touch•kinesthetic association•sound

The “dual-coding” theory of information storage agrees that knowledge is stored in two forms:—linguistic (words) and imagery (mental pictures).

• The more we use both systems of representation the better we are able to think about and recall knowledge

• This is particularly important in the classroom because linguistically is the primary method of presenting knowledge in the classroom

• We either talk to students about content or they read about new content

• This means students are left to generate their own nonlinguistic representations

Classroom Practice in

Non-linguistic Representations

Graphic Organizers are the most common way to help students generate nonlinguistic representations

Graphic Organizers combine the linguistic mode in that they use words and phrases and the nonlinguistic mode in that they use symbols and arrows to represent relationships

Create graphic organizers

•Descriptive Patterns •Time-Sequence Patterns •Process/Cause-Effect Patterns •Episode Patterns •Generalization/Principle Patterns •Concept Patterns

Templates open with Wordhttp://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/Templates/nonlinguisticrepresentations.htm

Descriptive Pattern

• Descriptive Patterns can be used to represent facts about specific people, places, things and events

• This information does not have to be in any specific order

Main Idea

Descriptive Pattern

Example

Elephants

Big

Gray

Big Ears

Tusks

Time Sequence Pattern

• Time sequence patterns organize events in a specific chronological order

• For example, the events leading up to the Vietnam War can be shown in a time sequence pattern organizer

Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4

Process/Cause-Effect Pattern• Process/Cause-Effect Patterns

organize information into a casual network leading to a specific outcome

Cause

Cause Cause

Effect

Cause

Cause

• An example would be study habits that make a good student

Episode PatternEpisode Pattern Organizers arrange data about

specific events including:

1. Setting (time and place)

2. Specific People

3. A specific duration

4. A specific sequence of events

5. A particular cause and effect

An Example would be information leading up to the Civil War

Episode Pattern

An Example would be information leading up to the Civil War Episode Effect

Person PersonPerson

Duration

Place

Time

Cause

Generalization/Principle Patterns

• Generalization/Principle Patterns organize information into general statements with supporting details.

• An Example would be statements supporting a hypothesis that economic conditions were the cause of the Civil War.

Generalization/Principle

Example

Example

Example

Concept Pattern• Concept Patterns organize information

around a word or phrase that represents entire classes or categories of people, places things or events

• The characteristics or attributes of the concept along with examples of each should be included in this example.

• An example would be a teacher asking a student to show the concept of fables along with examples and characteristics of them.

Concept Pattern

Concept

Characteristic

CharacteristicExample

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Characteristic Example

Example

Example

A Concept Pattern could look like this

Using other Nonlinguistic Representations

•Making physical models •Generating mental pictures •Drawing pictures and pictographs •Engaging in kinesthetic activity

Inspiration®Many templates are available within the Inspiration® software. Go to File —> Open template, then choose the subject area and topic. Templates within Inspiration have directions about ways in which you might use the tool in the classroom.

Webspiration—online version of Inspiration

Inspiration—website with standards match

Inner and Outer Planets--Word

Extension activity with BigHugeLabs

•Template: 4-Dimensional Vocabulary (describes what belongs in each section of the template)

•4-Dimensional template using the word ban -

•Webster's Dictionary--use for definition

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

KerpoofDifferent levels of membership:•Free use, $4.39 month, $25 6 months, or $45 annually•Can use on the fly without registering•Can not save projects unless registered•Can Print projects with Free service

Free web applicationBigHugeLabs

Credits

• http://manila.esu6.org/instructionalstrategies/stories/storyReader$13

•www.av.k12.mo.us/main/files/GOrganizers.ppt

•Classroom Instruction That Works. Marzano, Pickering, Pollock

Non-Linguistic Representation

Portsmouth Public Schools