Non-CommunicableNon-CommunicableDiseasesDiseases

To understand the causes, symptoms, progression, and

treatment of disease allowing us to better protect and care

for our bodies..

A Non-Communicable Disease is…

A condition or disease which is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. NCDs may be chronic diseases of long duration and slow progression, or they may result in more rapid death such as some types of sudden stroke.

Non-Communicable Non-Communicable DiseasesDiseases

Things I can NOT ControlThings I can NOT Control HeredityHeredity EthnicityEthnicity GenderGender AgeAge Environment – smog, stressEnvironment – smog, stress

Factors I can Control Factors I can Control ActivityActivity DietDiet Smoking, Drug UseSmoking, Drug Use Positive AttitudePositive Attitude Stress Reduction; Sleep Stress Reduction; Sleep

Types of CancerTypes of Cancer Carcinoma Carcinoma – cancer affecting the – cancer affecting the membranes membranes

lining the bodylining the body (includes skin, glands & other (includes skin, glands & other body linings)body linings)

MelanomaMelanoma - aggressive form of - aggressive form of skin cancer skin cancer (Malignant – spreads fast)(Malignant – spreads fast)

Sarcoma Sarcoma – cancer of – cancer of connective tissue connective tissue such such as bone, muscle, ligaments also including as bone, muscle, ligaments also including lymphatic and circulatory systemslymphatic and circulatory systems

Lymphoma Lymphoma – cancer of the – cancer of the lymphatic lymphatic system system

(immune system)(immune system) LeukemiaLeukemia – cancer of the – cancer of the blood-forming blood-forming

organsorgans

General Cancer TermsGeneral Cancer Termswww.youtube.com/user/1cancercenter?v=SGaQ0WwZ_0Iwww.youtube.com/user/1cancercenter?v=SGaQ0WwZ_0I

Cancer:Cancer:uncontrolled overgrowth of cellsuncontrolled overgrowth of cells Carcinogen: cancer-causing agentCarcinogen: cancer-causing agent Tumor:Tumor: mass of cell overgrowth = lump mass of cell overgrowth = lump Benign: Benign: tumor which is slow-growing, containedtumor which is slow-growing, contained Malignant:Malignant: growing rapidly & spreading growing rapidly & spreading Polyp: Polyp: small growth that may turn into cancersmall growth that may turn into cancer Metastasis:Metastasis: spread to other parts of body spread to other parts of body Biopsy: Biopsy: tiny tissue sample for lab analysistiny tissue sample for lab analysis Remission: Remission: cancer not detectablecancer not detectable Antibody: Antibody: a protein which attaches to a bacteria a protein which attaches to a bacteria

or virus to kill it or recruit cells to the infectionor virus to kill it or recruit cells to the infection

C A U T I O N C A U T I O N (memorize)(memorize)

CC Change in bowel habits Change in bowel habits AA A sore that does not healA sore that does not heal UU Unusual bleeding or dischargeUnusual bleeding or discharge

uterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughinguterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughing

TT Thickening or a lumpThickening or a lump II Indigestion or difficulty swallowingIndigestion or difficulty swallowing OO Obvious change in wart or moleObvious change in wart or mole NN Nagging cough or hoarsenessNagging cough or hoarseness

Risk Factors for CancerRisk Factors for Cancer

Exposure to carcinogensExposure to carcinogens

Tobacco Tobacco

Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)

Radiation – sun, x-raysRadiation – sun, x-rays

Treatment for CancerTreatment for Cancer

Radiation – radioactive raysRadiation – radioactive rays

Chemotherapy – medicines Chemotherapy – medicines (chemicals)(chemicals)

Surgery – Surgery – removes cancerous tissueremoves cancerous tissue

ABC’s for Skin MolesABC’s for Skin Moles

AA Asymmetry – can’t divide evenlyAsymmetry – can’t divide evenly

BB Border – unevenBorder – uneven

CC Color – several colorsColor – several colors

DD Diameter – larger than pencil Diameter – larger than pencil erasereraser

EE Elevation – raisedElevation – raised

DiabetesDiabetes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi6LYIhlFdwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi6LYIhlFdw

Type 1 - Type 1 - Body no longer produces insulin – Body no longer produces insulin – usually occurs in young peopleusually occurs in young people

Type 2 Type 2 – Lifestyle disease usually caused by diet – Lifestyle disease usually caused by diet high in simple carbohydrates and inadequate high in simple carbohydrates and inadequate exerciseexercise

Cardio-Vascular DiseaseCardio-Vascular Diseasehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqe9j6i8p14https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqe9j6i8p14

1. Hypertension1. Hypertension – high blood pressure – high blood pressure

2. Atherosclerosis2. Atherosclerosis – fat build up in vessels – fat build up in vessels

3. Angina pectoris3. Angina pectoris - chest pain, not enough - chest pain, not enough oxygenoxygen

4. Arrhythmias4. Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats - – Irregular heartbeats - fibrillationfibrillation

5.Heart Attack5.Heart Attack – heart muscle destroyed – heart muscle destroyed

6. Stroke6. Stroke – brain – vessel blockage or rupture – brain – vessel blockage or rupture

7. Embolism7. Embolism – blockage of artery (pulmonary) – blockage of artery (pulmonary)

8. Varicose veins8. Varicose veins – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’ – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’

Heart Attack - Warning SignsHeart Attack - Warning Signshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wre2WRPiFIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wre2WRPiFI

PressurePressure, fullness, squeezing or , fullness, squeezing or aching in the chest areaaching in the chest area

Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen and backjaw, upper abdomen and back

Chest discomfort WITH Chest discomfort WITH shortness of shortness of breath,breath, lightheadedness, sweating, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomitingnausea, and vomiting

Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools ECG – electro-cardiogramECG – electro-cardiogram

Graph of electrical activity of heartGraph of electrical activity of heart

MRI – magnetic resonance imagingMRI – magnetic resonance imaging Powerful magnets create images of Powerful magnets create images of

internal organsinternal organs

Treatment: CV DiseasesTreatment: CV Diseases1. Coronary Bypass1. Coronary Bypass

Vein replaces blocked arteryVein replaces blocked artery

2. Angioplasty2. Angioplasty Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery

walls.walls.

3. Medications3. Medications Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and

maintain fluid balance (diuretics) maintain fluid balance (diuretics)

4. Pacemaker 4. Pacemaker Small device sends electrical impulses so heart Small device sends electrical impulses so heart

beats regularlybeats regularly

Disease Flyer ArticleDisease Flyer Article

Sign up for a Disease that you want Sign up for a Disease that you want to researchto research

Follow rubric to create a Disease Follow rubric to create a Disease FlyerFlyer

which you will present to the classwhich you will present to the class

Create an Educational Flyer30 points

 

 Requirements for Flyer1. Causes/Prevention 2. Symptoms 3. Treatment/ Care 4. Progression/ Outcome

FLYER: Title should include NAME OF THE DISEASE ___/20 ptsAlong with:

Clear description and definition of the disease Complete, accurate information covering the 4 aspects above # of diagnoses/year and # of deaths/year – easy to see & read Picture of well-known public figure who has the disease Flyer is neat, colorful, demonstrates planning, creativity, and

effort

PRESENTATION: ___/10 pts ___/ 7 pts Presentation is thoughtful, organized and effectively educates classmates ___/ 3 pts Ready to present on time and Turn in this rubric before your presentation

Non-Communicable Non-Communicable DiseasesDiseases

1.1. Diabetes, Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691

2. Cancer - P 681-6872. Cancer - P 681-687Leukemia Leukemia Lung CancerLung CancerBreast CancerBreast Cancer

Skin Cancer – Malignant Melanoma - p.362-365Skin Cancer – Malignant Melanoma - p.362-365Testicular CancerTesticular CancerBrain CancerBrain CancerPancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancer

3. Nervous System – p.406-3. Nervous System – p.406-AlzheimersAlzheimers Parkinson’sParkinson’sLou Gehrig’s (ALS)Lou Gehrig’s (ALS) Hodgkin’s LymphomaHodgkin’s LymphomaMultiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis EpilepsyEpilepsy

4. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-6374. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-637AsthmaAsthmaEmphysemaEmphysemaCOPD - Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseCOPD - Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Teeth: Care & PreventionTeeth: Care & Prevention1. Regular visits to dentist1. Regular visits to dentist

2. Brush away plaque daily2. Brush away plaque daily

3. Floss between teeth3. Floss between teeth

4. Massage gums4. Massage gums

5. Well-balanced diet5. Well-balanced diet Phosphorus, Calcium, Vitamin CPhosphorus, Calcium, Vitamin C Avoid sugary foodsAvoid sugary foods

TeethTeeth PlaquePlaque

Sticky film Sticky film Destroys tooth enamel Destroys tooth enamel Irritates gumsIrritates gums

TartarTartar Plaque that has hardened on the teethPlaque that has hardened on the teeth

GingivitisGingivitis Inflamed gums when bacteria develop Inflamed gums when bacteria develop

under plaque (bleeding gums)under plaque (bleeding gums) Can result in bone loss around teethCan result in bone loss around teeth

EarsEars

Tinnitus – ringing, buzzing, hissing, Tinnitus – ringing, buzzing, hissing, roaring, or other sounds within earroaring, or other sounds within ear

Hearing Loss/DeafnessHearing Loss/Deafness HeredityHeredity Loud Noises – damage nervesLoud Noises – damage nerves

Approximate Decibel LevelsApproximate Decibel Levels 6060 Normal conversation, sewing machine Normal conversation, sewing machine

9090 Lawnmower, shop tools Lawnmower, shop tools

100100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile; snowmobile; ((2 hours/day maximum2 hours/day maximum))

115115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert Sandblasting, loud rock concert

((15 min/day maximum15 min/day maximum))

140140 Gun shot, jet engine Gun shot, jet engine

((causes pain; even brief exposure causes pain; even brief exposure injures unprotected earsinjures unprotected ears) )

EyesEyes

Glaucoma:Glaucoma: High pressure in the eye High pressure in the eye damages the retina and optic nerve with damages the retina and optic nerve with loss of sight.loss of sight.

Cataracts:Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy creating lens becomes cloudy creating blurry or foggy visionblurry or foggy vision

Macular DegenerationMacular Degeneration – Light-sensing – Light-sensing cells stop working. Leading cause of cells stop working. Leading cause of blindness over age 60.blindness over age 60.

Care & Prevention - EyesCare & Prevention - Eyes

Diet rich in Vitamin A foodsDiet rich in Vitamin A foods Red, Orange, Yellow VegetablesRed, Orange, Yellow Vegetables Dark Green Leafy VegetablesDark Green Leafy Vegetables

ProtectionProtection Safety gogglesSafety goggles Sunglasses - don’t look at sunSunglasses - don’t look at sun

Eye exams – locate problemsEye exams – locate problems

Rest eyes regularly – every 10 minutesRest eyes regularly – every 10 minutes