Non-Business Organisations(2)

8/7/2019 Non-Business Organisations(2)

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� A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on alocal, national or international level.

�

Task-oriented and driven by people with a commoninterest, NGOs perform a variety of service andhumanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns toGovernments, and aim at eliminating a number of problems faced by human beings.

� Some are organized around specific issues, such ashuman rights, environment or health. They provideanalysis and expertise, serve as early warningmechanisms and help monitor and implementinternational agreements.



`Private organisations that pursue activities to

relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor,

protect the environment, provide basic social

services or undertake community development.



` Objectives of Business

Economic

Social



Satisfying the service users.

Providing service of quality and quantity.Man management.

Savings in cost.

Miscellaneous Objectives.



` NGO¶s are registered bodies under the SocietiesRegistration Act, Co-operatives Societies Act, PublicTrust Act and Companies Act.

` These programmes stress on education, medicine and

social reforms, helping the section of the society whichis discriminated against or underprivileged.

` The services provided are honorary and free of cost tothe beneficiaries.

` At present, the organisations are adopting nationalismoriented group approach in a formal atmosphere.





`Grassroot level

`Pleading

`International Organisations

`Business House NGO's

`Core NGO's

`

News makers



For the weaker sections in primary level.

Farmers- guidance in farming practices, support in

welfare measures etc.

Some NGO's work for all sided development of

the lower strata of the society.



Advocates causes of general public who cannotfight on their own.

A continuous process with the concerned people

such as policy makers and advocate for the causeof the people for whom the NGO's are formed.

Pleading for public cause through individuals andassociations is a major form of NGOs in society

today.



Causes of universal nature.

Like disaster management, eradicating poverty,education, Animal welfare, general public health

etc.

EG. WHO, Redcross, WWF etc.



NGOs established by National and International

business houses.Part of their social resposibility action.

Prove themselves as good corporate citizens

working towards sustainable development.



The ones with core competence to function on

their own and provide service facilities to other

small NGOs.Government provides grants hence these NGOs

also facilitate and support government

programmes.



Harness public opinion and publicise effectively tosee that the concerned authority takes appropriate

action.



` Social welfare programmes for weaker sections

` Proper utilization of sources of energy and

development of renewable sources of energy` Water management and soil conservation

` Environment protection and education

` Promotion of ecology and tribal development

` Creating awareness about social evils



` Education

` Poverty

` Unemployment

` Human rights

` Improving standards of living

`

Eliminating diseases` Literacy

` Women empowerment

` Family welfare, health and nutrition



` Supplementing governmental efforts so as to offer the rural poor choices and alternatives.

` Have contact with people at village level and

convey their problems to the government.

` Utilize their limited resources to help maximizerural people by adopting innovative, flexible and

inexpensive means.

` Activate the delivery system and make it effective

at the village level to respond to the needs of thepoor.

` Provide education to the illiterate.



` Make communities as self-reliant as possible.

` Bring simple technology at village level to make life and

work of farmers and agriculturists simplified and easy.

` Find out ways to utilize local skill for the benefit of the

community.

` Mobilize and organise the poor and generate awareness

to demand quality services and impose a communitysystem of accountability on the performance of village-

level functionaries.

` Provide meals to the people below poverty line

` Give incentives to parents to send their children toprimary schools.



` They f ilit te the r i f i l ti ities ith hel f

hil tr i li

` e essenti l ser i es r e r ender ed hi h enifits the

society t l r e.` The ser ices in education, healthcar e and cultur al acti ities

ar e r ovided substantially

` Many s, in the f or of clubs, associations and other

or anisations ar e f uncioning f or a social cause and ar e

f unctioning at no or less cost.` They ar e voluntar y, independent and non-pr ofit

or ganisations. Ther ef or e less privilaged in the society ill

enjoy gr eater benifits.





` NGOs do not have a regular source of funds. Theseorganisations mainly rely on voluntary donations

and government grants.

` Government support and grants sometimes stop

mid-way and this affects the schemes undertaken. Itcauses difficulties to those who were to benefit from

these schemes.

` The grants from governments or foreign agencies

may not be on regular basis. This stops the NGOsfrom bringing up a permanent solution to problems

faced by the masses.



` NGOs face a problem of suitable personnel. Non

availability of qualified personnel and lack of

commitment on the part of employees.` The professional scope for employees in the NGOs

is limited. Once they get a better job, they leave the

job. NGOs have to find and train new personnel

again.` The motivation level of employees is generally very

low, they continue with the job just for the sake of

employment.

` Political interference in the working of NGOs.



TrustsCo-operative societes

Clubs and Associations



`

A trust is an arrangement whereby property(including real, tangible and intangible) is managed

by one person (or persons, or organizations) for the

benefit of another.

`

The person who declares the trust is called µauthor of the trust¶, the person who accepts the confidence

is called µtrustee¶, the person for whose benefit the

confidence is accepted is called µthe beneficiary¶

` The subject matter of the trust is called µtrust

property or trust money¶



1. Settler: A settler is a person who owns property and

goes through the acts necessary to create a trust of it.2. Trust property: The identified property to which the trust

is to attach, is called trust property or subject matter. Itmay consist of property, stocks, bonds, insurancepolicies etc.

3. Trustee: The person who carries on the activities of thetrust. There may be 2 or more trustees.

4. Beneficiary: no private trust can exist withoutbeneficiaries who are natural persons or corporations.

5. Trust Instrument: A document in which the settlor expresses his intent to have a trust describes theprovisions. It usually consists of a deed or a will.



1. Classification on the basis of duties of trustees:

i.Simple trust- the trustee is the depository of the trust

property with no participation in the activites.

ii. Special trust- the trustee has to exercise his discretion

in carrying out activities.2. Classification according to purpose:

i. Public trust- carries out a purpose beneficiary to the

society at large, or members of a body.

ii. Private trust- benefits one or more definite persons.



3. Classification as per mode of creation:

i. Express Trust-a trust created by the settlor by

words or by deed or by will.ii. Executed Trust- A trust is executed when no further instrument is necessary and the trust is finallydeclared in the first instance.

iii. Executor trust- A trust is executory when a further

instrument is necessary to carry into effect rhegeneral intention expressed in the first instrument.

iv. Implied trust- A trust implied from the presumedintention of the parties. Though there is no wish to

create the trust, circumstances are such that thecourt presumes that the settlor intended to create atrust.



Credit societies

Consumers' Co-ops

Producers' Co-ops

Marketing societies

Farmers' societies

Housing societies



Established to discharge certain social functions.

Like sports and recreation clubs, culturalassociations etc.

Funding by donations, memberships andgovernment grants.

Institutions have to be registered under thesocieties act .

Accounts should be audited and submitted anuallyto registrar of societies.



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Non-Business Organisations(2)