Nomenclature: 1. Rules for naming covalent- molecular ...mattson.creighton.edu/GenChemWeb/NomenclaturePowerpointPresentation.pdf · Nomenclature: 1. Rules for naming covalent- molecular

Nomenclature:

1.   Rulesfornamingcovalent-molecularcompounds

2.Rulesfornamingionic compounds

3.Rulesfornamingacids

(Chapter4)

Usingonlytheformula,determineifitiscovalent-molecularorionic.

Doyouseeonlynon-metals,andnofamiliarions?Ifso,it’scovalent-molecular.

SO2

CO2

NCl3NO

K2S

NH4NO3

N2O5

NO3

SCl4 PCl5

SO2covalent-molecularCO2covalent-molecularNCl3covalent-molecularNOcovalent-molecular

K2SionicNH4NO3ionicN2O5covalent-molecularNO3covalent-molecular

SCl4covalent-molecular PCl5covalent-molecular

Doyouseeonlynon-metals,andnofamiliarions?Ifso,it’scovalent-molecular.

Usingonlytheformula,determineifitiscovalent-molecularorionic.

Isitionic?1.   Doyouseefamiliar

polyatomicions?2.   Doestheformula

containametalcationandanon-metalanion?

MnSO4

K2O2

NiCl2CuCO3

K2CrO4

(NH4)2SO3

NO2

SO3

SeCl2 AgClO4

Isitionic?1.   Doyouseefamiliar

polyatomicions?2.   Doestheformula

containametalcationandanon-metalanion?

MnSO4ionicK2O2ionicNiCl2ionicCuCO3ionic

K2CrO4ionic(NH4)2SO3ionicNO2covalent-molecularSO3covalent-molecular

SeCl2covalent-molecular AgClO4ionic

Namingcovalent-moleculars:

SO2

CO2

NCl3NO

Cl2O7P4S6N2O5

NO3

SCl4 PCl5

1. Namethecentralatomfirstusingtheatom’sname.

2. Nametheotheratomsnext,using–ideendings.

3. Useprefixes(mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,etc.)toindicatenumberofeachatom.Donotusemono-withfirstatom.

Namingcovalent-moleculars:

SO2sulfurdioxideCO2carbondioxideNCl3nitrogentrichlorideNOnitrogenmonoxide

Cl2O7dichlorineheptoxideP4S6tetraphosphorushexasulfideN2O5dinitrogenpentoxideNO3nitrogentrioxide

SCl4sulfurtetrachloride PCl5phosphoruspentachloride

1.   Namethecentralatomfirstusingtheatom’sname.

2.   Nametheotheratomsnext,using–ideendings.

3.   Useprefixes(mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,etc.)toindicatenumberofeachatom.Donotusemono-withfirstatom.

Alkalimetalsliketoform+1cationsintheirioniccompounds.

Ionics…somehelpfulgeneralizations1.   Fromtheperiodictable:

Li+Na+K+Rb+Cs+

AlformsAl3+Alkalineearthmetalsform+2ionsAluminumforms+3ions

Be2+Mg2+Ca2+Sr2+Ba2+

Ionics…somehelpfulgeneralizations2. Transitionmetalsandpost-transitionmetalsforma

varietyofcations,butnotanions.

Ti2+Ti3+Ti4+V2+V3+V4+V5+Cr2+Cr3+Mn2+Mn3+Fe2+Fe3+Co2+Co3+Ni2+Ni3+Cu+Cu2+Zn2+Ag+Cd2+Hg22+Hg2+Sn2+Sn4+Pb2+Pb4+Ga3+In3+

“othermetals”arethepost-transitionmetals

Ionics…somehelpfulgeneralizations

4.TransitionelementsgivethechargeaspartoftheirnameasaRomannumeralinparentheses.

Na+sodiumion

Cu2+copper(II)ion

3.   Cationsmadefrommetalscarrythenameofthemetallicelement.



Na+sodiumion

Cu2+copper(II)ion

Mg+2Co+3

V+5

Ag+Rb+

3.   Cationsmadefrommetalscarrythenameofthemetallicelement.



Na+ sodiumion

Cu2+ copper(II)ion

Mg+2magnesiumion

Co+3cobalt(III)ion

V+5 vanadium(V)ion

Ag+ silver(I)ion

Rb+ rubidiumion

3.Cationsmadefrommetalscarrythenameofthemetallicelement.

SO42-sulfate

Ionics…somehelpfulgeneralizations5. Polyatomiccationshavenamestobe

memorized:NH4+isammonium.

SO32-sulfite

6. Anionsofasingletypeofatomcarryan–ideending:Clischlorine;Cl-ischloride.

7. Polyatomicanionshavenamesthatendin–iteor–ate,butveryseldom–ide.

8. Anionswith–ateendingshaveonemoreoxygenatomthananionswith–iteendings.

S2-sulfide



S2-sulfide SO32-sulfite SO4

2-sulfate

N3- NO2- NO3

-

P3- PO33- PO4

3-

Cl- ClO2- ClO3

-









S2-sulfide SO32-sulfite SO4

2-sulfate

N3-nitride NO2-nitrite NO3

-nitrateP3-phosphidePO3

3-phosphite PO43-phosphate

Cl-chloride ClO2-chlorite ClO3

-chlorate

Ionics…somehelpfulgeneralizations9.   Thehalogensformaseriesoffiveanions!

Cl- ClO- ClO2

- ClO3

- ClO4

-


Cl- chlorideClO- ClO2

- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

-


Cl- chlorideClO- hypohloriteClO2

- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

-


Cl- chlorideClO- hypohloriteClO2

- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

- perchlorate


Cl- chlorideClO- hypochlorite ClO2

- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

- perchlorate

Br-BrO- BrO2

- BrO3

-BrO4

-



- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

- perchlorate

Br- bromideBrO- hypobromite BrO2

- bromite BrO3

- bromateBrO4

- perbromate



- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

- perchlorate

I-IO-IO2

- IO3

-IO4

-



- chlorite ClO3

- chlorateClO4

- perchlorate

I- iodideIO-hypoiodite IO2

-iodite IO3

- iodateIO4

- periodate

RulesforNamingIonics1.   Namecationfirst,thenanion.Remembertransition

metalsneed()withcharge!

K2Cr2O7

2. Onlyuseparentheseswithpolyatomicions,andthenonlywhentherearetwoormoreinformula.

3. Donotusecapitalletterswhennamingcompounds.

NaClO3Ca(OH)2 Col3 (NH4)2CO3



K2Cr2O7 potassiumdichromate



NaClO3 sodiumchlorateCa(OH)2 calciumhydroxide Col3 cobalt(III)iodide (NH4)2CO3 ammoniumcarbonate



silver(I)perchlorate



potassiumpermanganate berylliumcyanide

iron(II)nitrateorferrousnitrate lithiumbicarbonate/lithiumhydrogencarbonate



AgClO4 silver(I)perchlorate



KMnO4 potassiumpermanganateBe(CN)2 berylliumcyanide

Fe(NO3)2 iron(II)nitrateorferrousnitrate LiHCO3 lithiumbicarbonate/lithiumhydrogencarbonate

MoreIonics

KH2PO4

MgHPO4 FeSO4

Hg2Cl2 Cu(BrO2)2

manganese(III)phosphate calciumthiocyanate lead(II)nitrate mercuricchlorate aluminumhypoiodite

MoreIonics

KH2PO4 potassiumdihydrogenphosphate

MgHPO4 magnesiumhydrogenphosphate FeSO4

ferroussulfateoriron(II)sulfate Hg2Cl2 mercurouschlorideormercury(I)chlorideCu(BrO2)2 cupricbromite

MnPO4 manganese(III)phosphate

Ca(SCN)2 calciumthiocyanate Pb(NO3)2 lead(II)nitrate Hg(ClO3)2 mercuricchlorateAl(IO)3 aluminumhypoiodite

Ionicsmixedwithcovalent-moleculars

NH4SCN Asl3 CuNO2

H2S Zn(C2H3O2)2

calciumphosphate chromium(III)chromate lead(IV)bromide nitrogentrioxide seleniumdioxide

Ionicsmixedwithcovalent-moleculars

NH4SCN ammoniumthiocyanateAsl3 arsenictriiodide CuNO2

cuprousnitriteorcopper(I)nitriteH2S dihydrogensulfideZn(C2H3O2)2 zinc(II)acetate

Ca3(PO4)2 calciumphosphateCr2(CrO4)3 chromium(III)chromate PbBr4 lead(IV)bromide NO3

nitrogentrioxideSeO2

seleniumdioxide

1.   Anextensiveworksheetwhereyoucanpracticebynaming40ioniccompounds,40covalentmoleculars,and40acids.Answerkeyalsoposted.

2.   Usethisasadressrehearsalwhenyouthinkyouareready.Youcanmissonly3topass.

3.   ThisPowerpointpresentation

Atthecoursewebsite,youcandownload:

NomenclatureCertificationQuizcomingFriday,6September2019.Periodictableprovided.

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Nomenclature: 1. Rules for naming covalent- molecular ...mattson.creighton.edu/GenChemWeb/NomenclaturePowerpointPresentation.pdf · Nomenclature: 1. Rules for naming covalent- molecular