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Nomads & Crisis, 2000-1200 BCE . Climate Change Crisis, 2000 BCE Nomad Invasions Formation of Territorial States IDs: Vedic Age, 1500-500BCE, Shang Dynasty, territorial state, oracle bones, Hammurabi , Hammurabi, r. 1792-1750 BCE. Argument. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nomads & Crisis, 2000-1200 BCE
I. Climate Change Crisis, 2000 BCEII. Nomad InvasionsIII. Formation of Territorial States
IDs: Vedic Age, 1500-500BCE, Shang Dynasty, territorial state, oracle bones, Hammurabi, Hammurabi, r. 1792-1750 BCE
Argument
Climate change around 2000 BCE caused crisis which caused the breakdown of riverine civilizations and triggered nomadic invasions. After the crisis, nomads emerged as the rulers of territorial states, which were more militaristic than the cultures they succeeded.
3500-2000 BCE: 3 Types of Cultures
Village Agriculture
Pastoral NomadsRiverine
Cultures/ Civilizations
I. 2000 BCE: Climate change disaster
• Drought• Food shortage• Drier climate
A. Indus River Culture destroyed
B. Disintegration of order in Egypt & Mesopotamia
C. Migration for next 1000 years
II. Nomads invade riverine cultures, 2000-1600 BCE
A. Nomad TechnologiesHorseChariotIron (1000 BCE)
B. South Asia: Vedic Nomads Invade, ca. 1500 BCE
• Indo-Europeans• Aryans
Vedic Age, 1500-500 BCE
1. Vedic People
• Horses• Chariots• Iron tools & weapons• Pastoral agricultural
economy
2. Conquest North/South Division of South Asia
AryanDravidian
II. Formation of Territorial States (1600)
A. Characteristics• Ruled by charioteer
(nomad) elites• More warlike• Expansive• Definite borders
B. A State has:
Large territoryDefinite bordersDynastic kingshipArmy (charioteer
elites)Government
bureaucracy
Shang State (Dynasty): ca. 1600-1045 BCE
Ruling dynasty• Army with horses &
chariots• Tombs• Palaces
Royal Projects
• Bronze Metallurgy
Religious Authority• Shang state was a
patrimonial theocracy.• Divination• Oracle bones• Control of diviners & scribes• Ancestor worship• Di (High God, founding
ancestor of Shang family)
D. Building the State
Problems:1. Control of
Conquered People
2. Control of Army & Regions
• Hittites• Anatolia• Hattusilis I• Babylon
E. State Projects
1. Centralized rule in king’s hands
2. Collect taxes or tribute
Hammurabi, r. 1792-1750 BCE
Exaction of Tribute
• Service from elites (bureaucracy or army• Agricultural produce & labor from commoners
Argument
Climate change around 2000 BCE caused crisis which caused the breakdown of riverine civilizations and triggered nomadic invasions. After the crisis, nomads emerged as the rulers of territorial states, which were more militaristic than the cultures they succeeded.