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NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_1
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Planning Services
NPLOVE
Network Planning Overview
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_2
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
NPLOVE Contents
• Network Planning Training Program
• Network Planning Overview
• Network Dimensioning and Capacity Planning
• Coverage Planning and Site Selection
• Microcellular Planning
• Indoor Planning
• Intelligent Underlay-Overlay (IUO)
• Frequency Planning
• Parameter Planning
• Network Verification and Optimisation
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_3
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Planning Training Program
GSM/PCN SYSTRA
NPLTRA
NPLOVE 1 DAY3-24 PEOPLE
NPLTOV 1 DAY3-24 PEOPLE
BSSPAR 2 DAYS3-24 PEOPLE
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_4
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Planning Targets
• To achieve required radio coverage
• To maximise the network capacity(Erl/km2) with limited frequency band (MHz)
• To reach good Quality of Service (QOS)
• To minimize the number of network elements and costs
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_5
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Planning Process
NETWORK EVOLUTION FIGURESPOWER BUDGETS & CELL SIZESFREQUENCY REUSE SCHEMESBUSINESS PLANSNETWORK SKETCHESTRANSMISSION PLAN ESTIMATES
SITE LISTCOVERAGE PLANINTERFERENCE ANALYSISFREQUENCY PLANCAPACITY PLANTRANSMISSION PLANPARAMETER PLAN
NETWORK DIMENSIONING
COVERAGEQUALITYCAPACITY
NETWORKEQUIPMENTESTIMATION
DETAILED PLANNING
COVERAGE PLANNING
SITE SELECTION
TRANSMISSION PLANNING & OPTIMIZATION
PARAMETER PLANNING & TUNING
TRANSMISSION OPTIMIZATION
BUSINESS PLANNING
NETWORK LAYOUT
NETWORK PLAN
INTERFERENCEANALYSIS
FREQUENCYPLANNING
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_6
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Radio Network Planning Process
Network Dimensioning & Capacity planning
Frequency Planning & Interference Analysis
Verification & Optimisation
BSS Parameter Planning &Neighbours definition
Network Launch
NetDim
NPS/X
OMC, NMS/X
NPS/X
OMCCoverage planning & Site Selection
Propagation Measurements & Model Tuning
NMS/X
Implementation
Business Planning
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_7
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Planning Environment
NPS/XBasic Package
Digital Maps Antenna DBNPS/XMap Editor
NPS/XGSM Simulator
Measured Data
NMS/X
BS Data Propagation ModelsBSS Parameters System Data
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE CENTER
NPS/XTransmission
OMC DatabaseOMC Applications
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_8
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Measurement System (NMS/X)
Micro Computer
Digital Maps Site DataGPS Antenna Unit
SpectrumAnalyzer
GPS ReceiverDead Reckon.Module
MS DOS Disk
AC Power Supply
Preamplifier (Optional)
Speed Sensor
Compass
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_9
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Planning Environment in Practise
OMC
NPS/X NMS/X
• DCS1800 Simulator• DX200 Algorithm
GPS Satelite
Parameter Verification / Quality Surveys• ASCII file
• Parameter inputUL
DL
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_10
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Dimensioning Input
• Capacity Related
• Coverage Related
• Quality Related
• Spectrum Available• Subscriber Growth Forecast• Traffic Density Map (Traffic per Subs)
• Coverage Regions• Area Types Information
• MS Classes• Blocking Probability• Location Probability• Redundancy• Indoor Coverage
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_11
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Capacity CalculationsErlang-B Table
Blocking Probability Blocking ProbabilityChannels 1% 2% 3% 5% Channels 1% 2% 3% 5%
1 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,05 21 12,80 14,00 14,90 16,202 0,15 0,22 0,28 0,38 22 13,70 14,90 15,80 17,103 0,46 0,60 0,72 0,90 23 14,50 15,80 16,70 18,104 0,87 1,09 1,26 1,52 24 15,30 16,60 17,60 19,005 1,36 1,66 1,88 2,22 25 16,10 17,50 18,50 20,006 1,91 2,28 2,54 2,96 26 17,00 18,40 19,40 20,907 2,50 2,95 3,25 3,75 27 17,80 19,30 20,30 21,908 3,13 3,63 3,99 4,54 28 18,60 20,20 21,20 22,909 3,78 4,34 4,75 5,37 29 19,50 21,00 22,10 23,8010 4,46 5,08 5,53 6,22 30 20,30 21,90 23,10 24,8011 5,16 5,84 6,33 7,08 31 21,20 22,80 24,00 25,8012 5,88 6,61 7,14 7,95 32 22,00 23,70 24,90 26,7013 6,61 7,40 7,97 8,83 33 22,90 24,60 25,80 27,7014 7,35 8,20 8,80 9,73 34 23,80 25,50 26,80 28,7015 8,11 9,01 9,65 10,60 35 24,60 26,40 27,70 29,7016 8,88 9,83 10,50 11,50 36 25,50 27,30 28,60 30,7017 9,65 10,70 11,40 12,50 37 26,40 28,30 29,60 31,6018 10,40 11,50 12,20 13,40 38 27,30 29,20 30,50 32,6019 11,20 12,30 13,10 14,30 39 28,10 30,10 31,50 33,6020 12,00 13,20 14,00 15,20 40 29,00 31,00 32,40 34,60
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_12
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Spectrum Efficiency
S
n x A x B
• S total spectrum available
• n reuse factor
• A cell area
• B channel bandwidth
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_13
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Frequency Reuse Patterns (OMNI 7)
12 4
5 6
7
3
12 4
5 6
7
3
12 4
5 6
7
3
12 4
6
7
3
12 4
5 6
7
3
12 4
5 6
7
3
12 4
5 6
7
3
5
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_14
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Frequency Reuse Patterns (3x3)
1 234 5
7 8
9
6
•
1 234 5
7 8
9
6
•
1 234 5
7 8
9
6
•
1 234 5
7 8
9
6
•
1 234 5
7 8
9
6
• 1 234 5
7 8
9
6
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_15
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Frequency Reuse Patterns (4x3)
10 7
6
3 4
1
11
8
5
29
12•
•
•
• 10 7
6
3 4
1
11
8
5
29
12•
•
•
•
10 7
6
3 4
1
11
8
5
29
12•
•
•
• 10 7
6
3 4
1
11
8
5
29
12•
•
•
•
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_16
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Maximum capacity
Grade of Service 0.02 2 %Spectrum 36 7.2 MHz
Cell Range 0.5 kmReuse factor 9 12 18Carriers/Cell 4 3 2Erlangs/3cells 65.78 44.67 27.02Coverage Area/site 0.4875Erlangs/km2 134.93 91.64 55.42
• example how to calculate the maximum capacity
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_17
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Capacity Calculations
• Based on 2 % Grade of Service and 3-sector-site having 500m cell range
Capacity
79.56
55.42
30.50
134.93
91.64
55.42
192.68
134.93
79.56
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
200.00
9 12 18
Reuse Pattern
Erl
ang
s/km
2
4.8
7.2
9.6
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_18
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Capacity Enhancement Solutions
• Conventional solutions
• Cell splitting
• Site distance reduction
• Interference Reduction Features (PC, FH, DTX)
• Extra Spectrum
• Extended GSM (10 MHz)
• Dual Band/ Dual Mode
• Microcells (Hotspot, Continuous Layer)
• Indoor Planning Solutions
• Intelligent Underay Overlay
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_19
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
WLL subscribers
Power Budget: Downlink
path loss = 154 dB
combiner loss = 4 dB
Feeder Loss = 3 dB
Rx Sensitivity- 102 dBm
Tx Power43 dBm (20W)
AntennaGain = 16
- 102 dBm
52 dBm
36 dBm
39 dBm
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_20
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
WLL subscribers
Power Budget: Uplink
path loss = 154 dBFeeder Loss = 3 dB
Tx Power33 dBm (2W)
AntennaGain = 16 Diversity
Gain = 4
33 dBm
- 121 dBm
- 101 dBm
- 104 dBm
Rx Sensitivity -104 dB
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_21
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Power Budget & Cell SizesRADIO LINK POWER BUDGET MS CLASS: 4
GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 1800 System: DCS1800 RECEIVING END: BS MS
RX RF-input sensitivity dBm -104.00 -100.00 AInterference degrad. margin dB 0.00 0.00 BCable loss + connector dB 3.00 0.00 CRx antenna gain dBi 18.00 0.00 DDiversity gain dB 4.00 0.00 EIsotropic power dBm -123.00 -100.00 F=A+B+C-D-EField strength dBµV/m 19.31 42.31 G=F+Z*
* Z = 77.2 + 20*log(freq[MHz])TRANSMITTING END: MS BS
TX RF output peak power W 0.25 3.96(mean power over RF cycle) dBm 23.98 35.98 KIsolator + combiner + filter dB 0.00 4.00 LRF-peak power, combiner output dBm 23.98 31.98 M=K-LCable loss + connector dB 0.00 3.00 NTX-antenna gain dBi 0.00 18.00 OPeak EIRP W 0.25 49.88(EIRP = ERP + 2dB) dBm 23.98 46.98 P=M-N+OIsotropic path loss dB 146.98 146.98 Q=P-F
CELL SIZES
COMMON INFO DU U SU F O
MS antenna height (m): 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5BS antenna height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 45.0Standard Deviation (dB): 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0BPL Average (dB): 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.0 6.0BPL Deviation (dB): 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0OKUMURA-HATA (OH) DU U SU F OArea Type Correction (dB) 3.0 0.0 -6.0 -10.0 -15.0WALFISH-IKEGAMI (WI) DU U SU F O
Roads width (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0Road orientation angle (degrees): 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0Building separation (m): 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0Buildings average height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0INDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin + BPL (dB): 22.8 19.8 17.8 13.8 13.8Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 65.1 62.1 60.1 56.1 56.1Coverage Threshold (dBm): -77.2 -80.2 -82.2 -86.2 -86.2Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 0.37 0.55 0.94 1.89 2.65OUTDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin (dB): 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8 46.8Coverage Threshold (dBm): -95.5 -95.5 -95.5 -95.5 -95.5Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 1.24 1.51 2.24 3.55 4.97
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_22
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Power Budget & Cell SizesRADIO LINK POWER BUDGET MS CLASS: 4
GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 1900 System: PCS1900 RECEIVING END: BS MS
RX RF-input sensitivity dBm -104.00 -102.00 AInterference degrad. margin dB 0.00 0.00 BCable loss + connector dB 3.00 0.00 CRx antenna gain dBi 18.00 0.00 DDiversity gain dB 4.00 0.00 EIsotropic power dBm -123.00 -102.00 F=A+B+C-D-EField strength dBµV/m 19.78 40.78 G=F+Z*
* Z = 77.2 + 20*log(freq[MHz])TRANSMITTING END: MS BS
TX RF output peak power W 0.25 2.50(mean power over RF cycle) dBm 23.98 33.98 KIsolator + combiner + filter dB 0.00 4.00 LRF-peak power, combiner output dBm 23.98 29.98 M=K-LCable loss + connector dB 0.00 3.00 NTX-antenna gain dBi 0.00 18.00 OPeak EIRP W 0.25 31.47(EIRP = ERP + 2dB) dBm 23.98 44.98 P=M-N+OIsotropic path loss dB 146.98 146.98 Q=P-F
CELL SIZES
COMMON INFO DU U SU F O
MS antenna height (m): 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5BS antenna height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 45.0Standard Deviation (dB): 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0BPL Average (dB): 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.0 6.0BPL Deviation (dB): 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0OKUMURA-HATA (OH) DU U SU F OArea Type Correction (dB) 3.0 0.0 -6.0 -10.0 -15.0WALFISH-IKEGAMI (WI) DU U SU F O
Roads width (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0Road orientation angle (degrees): 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0Building separation (m): 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0Buildings average height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0INDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin + BPL (dB): 22.8 19.8 17.8 13.8 13.8Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 63.6 60.6 58.6 54.6 54.6Coverage Threshold (dBm): -79.2 -82.2 -84.2 -88.2 -88.2Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 0.36 0.53 0.89 1.79 2.51OUTDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin (dB): 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 45.3 45.3 45.3 45.3 45.3Coverage Threshold (dBm): -97.5 -97.5 -97.5 -97.5 -97.5Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 1.18 1.43 2.12 3.36 4.71
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_23
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Power Budget & Cell SizesRADIO LINK POWER BUDGET MS CLASS: 4
GENERAL INFOFrequency (MHz): 900 System: GSM RECEIVING END: BS MS
RX RF-input sensitivity dBm -104.00 -102.00 AInterference degrad. margin dB 0.00 0.00 BCable loss + connector dB 3.00 0.00 CRx antenna gain dBi 16.00 0.00 DDiversity gain dB 4.00 0.00 EIsotropic power dBm -121.00 -102.00 F=A+B+C-D-EField strength dBµV/m 15.28 34.28 G=F+Z*
* Z = 77.2 + 20*log(freq[MHz])TRANSMITTING END: MS BS
TX RF output peak power W 2.00 20.00(mean power over RF cycle) dBm 33.01 43.01 KIsolator + combiner + filter dB 0.00 4.00 LRF-peak power, combiner output dBm 33.01 39.01 M=K-LCable loss + connector dB 0.00 3.00 NTX-antenna gain dBi 0.00 16.00 OPeak EIRP W 2.00 158.87(EIRP = ERP + 2dB) dBm 33.01 52.01 P=M-N+OIsotropic path loss dB 154.01 154.01 Q=P-F
CELL SIZES
COMMON INFO DU U SU F O
MS antenna height (m): 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5BS antenna height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 45.0Standard Deviation (dB): 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0BPL Average (dB): 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.0 6.0BPL Deviation (dB): 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0OKUMURA-HATA (OH) DU U SU F OArea Type Correction (dB) 3.0 0.0 -6.0 -10.0 -15.0WALFISH-IKEGAMI (WI) DU U SU F O
Roads width (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0Road orientation angle (degrees): 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0Building separation (m): 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0Buildings average height (m): 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0INDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin + BPL (dB): 22.8 19.8 17.8 13.8 13.8Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 57.1 54.1 52.1 48.1 48.1Coverage Threshold (dBm): -79.2 -82.2 -84.2 -88.2 -88.2Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 1.13 1.67 2.81 5.89 8.26OUTDOOR COVERAGE DU U SU F O
Propagation Model OH OH OH OH OHSlow Fading Margin (dB): 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Coverage Threshold (dBµV/m): 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8Coverage Threshold (dBm): -97.5 -97.5 -97.5 -97.5 -97.5Location Probability over Cell Area(L%): 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
Cell Range (km): 3.73 4.54 6.71 11.06 15.51
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_24
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Typical Site Configurations
Omni Road Three Sectorized
• R •
R
R•
R = Cell RangeS = Site Area
K = 2.6 K = 1.3 K = 1.95
S = K R 2
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_25
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Radiation PatternRadiation Pattern
• Horizontal and vertical patterns are specified for antennas.
• Down (positive) and Up (negative) tilting of antenna is possible if the vertical pattern is specified.
Horizontal Pattern(Top View)
Vertical Pattern(Side View)
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_26
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Location Probability
Slow Fading Margin
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98
Area Location Probability
SFMargin
• Probability for the certain signal level in the coverage area • Bigger slow fading margin increases the probability• Deviation of the signal and slope factor needed for calculation
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_27
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Multipath Propagation
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_28
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Basic Cell Types and Models
Macro cell, Okumura-Hata model, radius 2 - 4 km
Micro cell, Walfish-Ikegami model,also ray-tracing radius 100 - 500 m
Pico cell, 2 floors
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_29
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Okumura-Hata Model
fHbHmRa(Hm)a(Hm)
Frequency [MHz], range 150-2000BS effective antenna height [m], range 30-200MS antenna height [m], range 1-10Distance [km], range 1-20Correction factor for MS antenna height
L = A +B log(f ) - 13.82 log(Hb) - a(Hm)
+ (44.9 - 6.55 log(Hb)) log(R)
A B
69.55 26.16
46.30 33.90
150-1500
1500-2000
f [MHz]
1.1 log(f ) - 0.7) Hm - (1.56 log(f ) - 0.8), large city
3. 2 (log(11.75 Hm)) , small city2
4 97.
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_30
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
COST-231 Walfish-Ikegami
Basic Parameters
L = 42.6 + 26 log(d) + 20 log(f ) , LOS
L = 32.4 + log(d) + 20 log(f ) +L L , NLOSrts msd
20
• Frequency Range = 800 - 2000 MHz• 0.02 - 0.2 km for LOS• 0.02 - 5 km for NLOS
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_31
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Multiray Microcell Model
• Direct wave
• Ground reflected wave
• Multiple reflections
• Over roof diffraction
• Side Diffraction
• Side diffractions after multiple reflections
• Wall penetration
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_32
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Combined Umbrella & Power Budget
macrocells
microcells
UMB,RR
PBGT,RR
PBGT,RRUMB,RR
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_33
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Rapid Field Drop
Chained Cell
MS
Serving Cell
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_34
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Extensions to microcell HO area
A
A'S
Tunnel case, leaky cable
A
A'
S
Street corner, repeater
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_35
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Fast Moving Mobile Detection
BCCH
BCCH
fast moving mobile
slow moving mobile
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_36
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Indoor Solutions
•Leaky Feeder
•Power Splitter
•Passive Repeaters
•Active Repeaters (under study)
•Remote RF head
•Micro BTS
•RF Distribution Hub and Optional Antenna (under study)
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_37
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Leaky Feeder
BTSLeaky Feeder
BTS
Jumper Cable
Leaky Feeder
Tunnel or Subway Underground
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_38
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Passive Repeater
BTS
Outdoor Antenna A
Gain: 18 dBi
Outdoor Antenna B
Gain: 18 dBi
Ground Floor
1st Floor
2nd Floor
BasementIndoor Antenna
Gain: 9dBi
Nearest BTS site Target Indoor Coverage Building
7/8'' Cable
Loss: 4dB/50m
Cable length: 25m
-50 dBm
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_39
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Active Repeater+Splitter
Ground Floor
1st Floor
2nd Floor
Basement
Repeater
Splitter
Indoor Omni Antenna
Gain: 2dBi
BTS
Outdoor Antenna A
Gain: 18 dBi
Outdoor Antenna B
Gain: 9 dBi
7/8'' Cable 4dB loss/50m
Closest BTS site Target Indoor Coverage Building
-60 dBm
X
Y
Z
Cable length to Antenna X: 25m
Cable length to Antenna Y: 10m
Cable length to Antenna Z: 10m
Cable length to Antenna B: 25m
Repeater Gain: 80 dBm
Antenna X EIRP: 23 dBm
Antenna Y EIRP: 24.6 dBm
Antenna Z EIRP: 24.6 dBm
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_40
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Application of indoor BTS
Leaky Feeder
Indoor BTS
Indoor Antenna
Remote RF Head
FiberOptic Cable
Basement
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_41
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
f3
f3
f3
f3
f1
f1
f1
f1f2
f2
f2
f2
• Regular BCCH-TRX
• super-reuse TRX
• different frequencereuse patterns
• interference limiteddominance areas insuper-reuse TRXs
• selection betweenregular/super-reuseTRXs based on C/I ratio
• call setup to regular TRX
• inter cell HOs betweenregular TRXs
Intelligent Underlay Overlay (IUO)
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_42
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
C/I ratio measurement in IUO
C/I = 15 dB C/I = 15 dB
Super-TRX service area Regular-TRX service area
f1 f1
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_43
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Co-Channel Interference
C / I = C / I , where k = 1, 2, . . . , K
P2 / P1 = D2 / D1 or P2 = P1 +10 b log(D1 / D2)
k
-b -b
•
•
• •
•
• P1
P2
D1 D2
C / I = R / (6 D ) for pattern OMNI 7-b -b
Ifb
D / R = 3K then C / I = 1 / 6* 3K1 2 2/ /
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_44
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Interference in 3-sector case
D
D+0.7RR
E
C/I = R-b/((D+0.7R)-b + D-b)
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_45
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Time Dispersion
A1
A2A
A1 + A2 - A > 4.5 km
C/I < 9 dB
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_46
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Time Slots and Frames
0 1 2 2425 0 1 2 49 50
0 7
Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes
Superframe = 26x51 or 51x26 Multiframes
26 Multiframe = 120 ms 51 Multiframe = 235 ms
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_47
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Burst Period
0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
= BURST PERIOD
0
0 0
f s
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_48
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Logical Channels, Downlink
BSS -> MS
BCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
DCCH
TCH
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH
COMMON CHANNELS
DEDICATED CHANNELS
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_49
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Logical Channels, Uplink
MS -> BSS
CCCH RACH
DCCH
TCH
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH
COMMON CHANNELS
DEDICATED CHANNELS
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_50
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Coding Level & Quality
LEVEL QUALITY
P (dBm) FS (dBuV/m) LEV
-110 27 0-109 28 1-108 29 2 . . . . . . . . .-49 88 61-48 89 62-47 90 63
BER (%) BER (%) QUAL
RANGE MEAN< 0.2 0.14 00.2-0.4 0.28 10.4-0.8 0.57 20.8-1.6 1.13 31.6-3.2 2.26 43.2-6.4 4.53 56.4-12.8 9.05 6> 12.8 18.1 7
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_51
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Averaging and Sampling
HoThresholdLevDL = 33 (= -77 dBm)
30 2550 3545 40 1520 10
480 msAVERAGE=40, P=0
AVERAGE=35, P=0
AVERAGE=30, P=1
AVERAGE=25, P=2
AVERAGE=20, P=3
WindowSize = 5, Weighting = 1
Px = 3, Nx = 4
btsMeasAver = 1 (no pre-processing in BTS)
Handover attempt
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_52
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
BSC Measurement Data Processing
• MS DATA (MEASURED BY BTS)
0 1 0 0
3 2 2
0 0 1
3
1 0 1 0
54
0 0
5 4 4 4 4 5 6
56545450
0 0 0
485145
2
43474441
00
3632
2 1 0 3 0 4 5
1 1 1 0
5 6 7 6
33302832
5 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
54545252
0 1 0
464840
0
42444445
00
4035
1 2 2 3 5 6 4
0 0 0 0
33343536
4 3 2 2
4049484645434240403938
025303232403842444348506058565456
3335384042444851535456
LEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
• BTS DATA (MEASURED BY MS)
• ABTS DATA (MEASURED BY MS)
DTX USED
QUAL_DL
RXLEV_DL
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
DTX USED
QUAL_UL
RXLEV_UL
TIMING ADVANCE EXAMPLES:
1. HO AVERAGING AND COMPARISON
Window Size = 8, Weighting = 2
HoThresholdLevDL = 38 (-72 dBm), Px = 1 Nx = 1
2. ABTS AVERIGING AND PBGT COMPARISON
WindowSizeAdjaCell = 6
hoPeriodPBGT = 8 SACCH (= 4 s)
hoMarginLev = 6 dB
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_53
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
MS Measurements during the Call
• Measures the Lev and Qual of the Server
• Detects whether DTX is used
26-FRAME MULTIFARME 120 ms
TDMA FRAMES:
TCH SACCH IDLE
• Measures the BA frequencies (System Info 5)
• BSIC decoding
• Pre-Synchronization
RX TX RX TX TX RXMEAS MEASMEAS
TDMA FRAME 4.615 ms
SACCH PERIOD = 480 ms
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_54
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
BSS Parameters: General
BTS
bsIdentityCode (ncc & bcc)btsIDcellIDlocationAreaID
numberOfBlocksForAccessGrantnoOfMultiframesBetweenPagingnumberOfRetransmissionnoOfSlotsSpreadTrans
maxQueueLengthtimeLimitCalltimeLimitHandoverqueueingPriorityCallqueueingPriorityHandovermsPriorityUsedInQueueingqueuePriorityUsed
radioLinkTimeoutIMSIAttachDetach
0 ... 71 ... 1281 ... 65535mcc 0 ... 999 mnc 0 ... 99 lac 0 ... 65535
0 ... 72 ... 91, 2, 4, 73-12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50
0 ... 100 %1 ... 30 s1 ... 30 s1 ... 141 ... 14Y/NY/N
4 ... 64Y/N
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_55
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
BSS Parameters: Handover
BTS
btsLoadThresholdbtsMeasAverdtxModeminIntBetweenHoReqminIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttemptallAdjacentAveragednumberOfZeroResults
interferenceAveragingPeriodmaxNumberOfRepetitionmsDistance Bbehaviour
0 ... 100 %1 ... 40 ... 20 ... 31 s0 ... 31 sY/N0 ...7
1 ... 325 ... 350 ... 60 s, 255
BSC
numberOfPreferredCellsgsm/dcsMacrocellThresholdgsm/dscMicroCellThreshold
1 ... 1613 ... 43 dBm13 ... 43 dBm
ABTS
adjacentCellID (lac &CI)bCCHFrequencybsIdentityCode (ncc & bcc)hoLoadFactorhoPriorityLevelsynchronized
0 ... 655351 ... 1240 ... 70 ... 70 ... 7Y/N
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_56
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Handover: Reason Level
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A)
A = msTxPwrMax(n) - msTxPwrMax
1.
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > AV_RXLEV_DL_HO + hoMarginLev(n)2’.
BTS MS ABTS 1 ... N
Reasons:
hoAveragingLevDL windowSize 1 ... 32 weighting 1 ... 3hoThresholdsLevDL -47 ... -110 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32
hoAveragingLevUL windowSize 1 ... 32 weighting 1 ... 3hoThresholdsLevUL -47 ... -110 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32
hoMarginLevrxLevMinCellmsTxPwrMaxCell
-24 ... 24 dB- 110 ... - 47 dBm13 ... 43 dBm
enableHoMarginLevQual Y/N
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_57
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
BSS Parammeters: Power Control
BTS MS
pcUpperThresholldsQualDLpcLowerThresholdsQualDLpcAveragingQualDL
pcUpperThresholldsLevDLpcLowerThresholdsLevDLpcAveragingLevDL
powerCtrlEnabledpowerControlIntervalpowerIncrStepSizepowerRedStepSize
Y/N0 ... 31 s2, 4, 6 dB2, 4 dB
pcUpperThresholldsQualULpcLowerThresholdsQualULpcAveragingQualUL
pcUpperThresholldsLevULpcLowerThresholdsLevULpcAveragingLevUL
0 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 320 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3
-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3
0 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 320 ... 7 px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3
-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32-110 ... -47 dBm px 1 ... 32 nx 1 ... 32windowSize 1... 32 weighting 1 ... 3bsTxPwrMin
13 ... 43 dBm
bsTxPwrMax13 ... 43 dBm
minMSTxPwrPower13 ... 43 dBm
msTxPwrMax13 ... 43 dBm
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_58
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Verification and Optimisation
• Site Surveys and Field Measurements- Evaluating site candidates- Verifying radio coverage and external
interferences• Network Verification and Quality Surveys
- Verifying operational network quality in
accordance to given criteria
- Reporting analysed results, Executive Report
• Network Optimisation- Optimising radio network parameters using
results from OMC and field measurements
- Adjusting frequency plan, antenna system etc.
NMS/X
BTS 1
Air Interface
NPS/X
OMC
Mobile Station
BSC 4
BTS 2
Reports
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_59
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Quality & Efficiency
QUALITY METRICS FOR CUSTOMER NETWORK
Value A B Weighting ResultQuality class 0...5 [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Signal level 90% of time [dBuV/m] 42 40 60 20 % 2
Call success rate [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Handover success rate [%] 98 90 100 20 % 16Subscribers/TRX [ ] 0 0 200 20 % 0
Network quality and efficiency factor [ ] 50
Result = (Value-A)/(B-A)*Weighting
Quality class : Down link quality in GSM units from class 0, the best quality, to class 7, the worst quality. The reference value has been set between 0 to 5 in 98% of the time.
Signal level : The reference serving cell down link level has been set 42 dByV/m.
Call success rate : The reference number of successful call attemps has been set to 98%.
Handover success rate : The reference number of successful handovers has been set to 98%.
Subscribers/TRX : The high number of subscribers in the network could affect to the network quality by causing interferences and unsuccessful calls due to congestion.The reference value to be defined for high capacity networks.
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_60
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Network Quality & Efficiency Factor
QUALITY FACTOR
Network
Qu
ali
ty f
acto
r
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
71
33
38
6663 62
18
39
6
58
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_61
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Optimisation of GSM/DCS Network 1
• Network Optimisation (NO) procedure:• Definition of service area and QOS requirements
• Network Verification A and OMC measurements
• Data analysis and network plan assessment
• BSS parameters adjustment
• Network Verification B
• BSS parameters update acceptance (based on NO report)• Required tools and data
• Access to OMC statistics
• Network simulation tool i.e. NPS/X (optional)
• Call generator tool with call tracing i.e. NMS/X
• Access on valid network plan
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_62
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
Optimisation of GSM/DCS Network 2
• Modifications driven from Network Optimisation
• Antenna directions and tilting
• Power budget modifications i.e. BTS/MS power level
• Frequency assignments
• BSS parameters related to cell selection and reselection
• BSS parameters for Hand-over algorithm
• BSS parameters for Power Control algorithm
• Limitations of Network Optimisation
• Performed only for continuous coverage
• Network planning gaps (exclude areas of poor coverage)
• Availability of OMC traffic measurements (network evolution)
• Availability of parameter transfer between NPS/X and OMC
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_63
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
OVERALL NETWORK QUALITY
OPERATOR
CUSTOMER
NETWORK
SERVICES
MOBILE
COST
• Mail Box, Data, Fax, etc.• Customer Care
• Faulty H/W or S/W• Mobile Quality• Misuse of Equipment
• H/W Failure• Network Configuration• Network Traffic• Spectrum Efficiency
• Coverage yes/no• Service Probability• Quality• Call Set Up Time• Call Success Rate• Call Completion Rate
H/W Costs Subscription/Airtime costs Additional Services Costs
Network Equipment Costs Maintenance Costs Site Leasing Costs Transmission Link Costs
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_64
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
DetailedNetworkQualityPicture
AnalyseNetwork
PerformanceData System
Configuration(Network)
SystemConfiguration(NW Planning)
QualityImprovement
Action
SmallQualityCycle
Small Quality Cycle
NTC_CS/Planning Services/NPLOVE.PPT_04/08/23_JLe,SDํ_65
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICES
DefineQualityPicture
SetQualityTargets
MonitorQuality
GlobalNetworkQuality Picture
GeneralImprovement
Plan
GeneralCorrective
Actions
DetailedNetworkQualityPicture
NetworkQualityCycle
AnalyseNetwork
PerformanceData System
Configuration(Network)
SystemConfiguration(NW Planning)
QualityImprovement
Action
SmallQualityCycle