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Katipunan Before the Revolution
Prepared by: Ernest Nathan L. NogalesI-OPAL
Establishment
of the Katipunan
• On July 7, 1892, the same date Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others, met secretly at a house on Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto avenue).
Establishment
of the Katipunan
• They founded an association called Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), or Katipunan for short
Aims of Katipunan
• To unite the Filipinos into a solid nation• To win Philippine independence by means of revolution
Recruitment
• They first used the triangle method on recruiting members • Later on, since the triangle method was slow, Bonifacio allowed them to recruit as many members as possible • The First Edition of Kalayaan (the Katipunan newspaper) also helped a lot in recruiting more members.
A
B C
Membership
There were 3 grades of members: • Katipon – lowest class Recruitment of more members will turn him into a Kawal • Kawal – middle classIf elected as an officer, he becomes a Bayani • Bayani – highest class Officer
Membership
• The 2 factions of the Katipunan are Magdalo and Magdiwang.
• When the war broke out they made flags different from each other.
• They also had an argument that led to the Tejeros Convention.
Membership
Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan
• They were limited to only the wives, daughters, or relatives of the members of the Katipunan. They served as the watch during meetings of the Katipunan.
• Prominent women were Josefa Rizal: President, Gregoria de Jesus: Vice President, Marina Dizon: Secretary, Angelica Rizal Lopez: Fiscal.
Josefa Rizal
Gregoria de Jesus
Secrecy
In order to remain secret, they made different codes and countersigns
• Codes• Countersigns: When two members meet on the road, one member will put his right palm on his chest and the other member will close his hand such that the index finger and thumb touch each other.
J L
K K
L J
LL N
M V
N I
O C
P P
Q E
R R
S S
T S
U X
V M
W W
X U
Y Y
First Code of the
Katipunan
Spanish Alphabet
Katipunan Alphabet
A D
B C
C B
D A
E H
F G
G F
H E
I L
J K
K J
L I
LL Ñ
M N
N MÑ LL
O R
P Q
Q P
R O
S V
T U
U T
W Z
X Y
Y X
Z W
Last code used during the Tejeros convention
Flags of the Katipunan
Official Katipunan Flags
• Official Flags• Personal Flags
Flags of the Katipunan
Official Flags
• Official Flags• Personal Flags
Magdiwang Faction’s flag
Magdalo Faction’s Flag
Naik_Mil Agreement Flag
Flags of the Katipunan
Personal Flags
• Official Flags• Personal Flags
Bonifacio’s Flag Gregorio Del Pilar’s Flag
Flags of the Katipunan
Personal Flags
• Official Flags• Personal Flags
Pio Del Pilar’s Flag Llanera’s Skull
Rizal and the
Katipunan
Rizal and the Revolution
• The Katipunan was founded on the day Dr. Rizal was exiled• Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to ask for Dr. Rizal’s opinion about the Revolution
Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Rizal’s answer
Rizal and the Revolution
•Rizal said that a revolution without sufficient arms should not be started against an armed nation. He suggested that they should find a way so that the elite of those times will join the Katipunan.•But Dr. Pio Valenzuela reasoned out that it would be difficult to make the elites join the poor. This was one problem Rizal was not able to find a solution.
Katipunan led the
Revolution
Sources and References:
1. Agoncillo, Teodoro A. and Guerrero, Milagros C., History of the Filipino People
2. Zaide, Gregorio F, Philippine History and Government