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No one is more miserable than the person who wills
everything and can do nothing.
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
10 BC –AD 54By: Caroline Benson
Who is Tiberius Claudius?
Son of Drusus Claudius Nero and Antonia Minor and was born in Lugdnum, Gaul.
His mother referred to him as a ‘monster’
The 4th Roman Emperor (1st Roman Emperor to be appointed by the army's men and not the senate)
He was an embarrassment to his family due to his stutter, limp, and drooling but this worked to his advantage because many emperors and such considered him weak
He was smart and composed works on all subjects in liberal arts and especially history. These skills helped him a lot when he came to power in reforming the government
Caligula as Emperor:Claudius granted a consulship to Claudius
Treated badly by Caligula…..Claudius was Caligula’s nephew
Coming into PowerCaligula Caesar (emperor from 37-41 AD) was assassinated on 41 AD due to a conspiracy
Planned by three men (officers in the Praetorian Guard led by Cassius Chaerea) but many people in the senate were aware of plot
Questionable if Claudius was involved in conspiracy
After the death of Caligula's wife and daughter Cassius wanted to wipe out entire imperial family
Like many Claudius fled to the palace to hide
A praetorian named Gratus, found him hiding behind curtain
He was informed that he was not part of the people that was under Cassius’s watch
Taken to Praetorian camp where put under protection
The senate first considered the restoration of the republic, but faced with the praetorians' decision, the senators fell in line and bestowed imperial power upon Claudius.
Senate had many discussions considering the restoration of the republicHad to agree with the Praetorian's decision for Claudius to be emperor
Expansion of empireFirst expansion since Augustus
Most significant: Invasion and Annexation of Britannia
Senate was appeased with his efforts
Created Census: (48) ADIncrease of a million Roman citizens since Census created after Augustus death
Legislative and Judicial Reform
Extended summer court and winter term session with shortening traditional break.
Created law: required plaintiffs to remain the in the city while cases were pending like defenders have also been required to do
Menuhin age of jurors raised to 25 to ensure experience jurors
Abolished treason trials
Edicts issued concerning medical advice and moral judgments etc.
2 famous ones:1. promoting Yew juice which cures a snake bite
2. slaves who recovered after treatment from being sick were freed
Contributions to the Community
Finished the Aqua Claudia which was started by Caligula and Anio Novus
Focused on transportation (built roads and canals)Canal: Rhine River to the sea
Road: Italy to Germany
Canal on the Tiber leading to Portus (reduced flooding in Rome)
Wanted to increase the amount of land that was used for agriculture growing in Italy
Actions with the Senate
Wanted to reform the Government into a more representative group of legislators
47 AD became Censor with Lucius Vitellius
The senate did not like Claudius and many people attempted to kill him, because of this had to reduce senate power
42 AD: Revolt led by Marcus Furius, quickly stopped (showed that they had connection with nobility in Rome)
None of revolts against Claudius were successful
Religious Reforms
Liked tradition Revived old religious ceremonies
Participated in the Secular Games in 47 AD
Personal Relationships Only had relationships with woman
Plautia UrgulanillaMarried 4 times
Aelia Paetina
Agrippina the Younger more about herWas his niece (which was contradictory to the Roman law)….so he changed it
Granted title of Augusta (first imperial woman to hold this title since Livia)
Her son later become emperor Nero (marked as Claudius’s successor)
Agrippina wanted to him to take the place of Britannicus as imperial heir
And so…..Claudius adopted as son
Literary Works
Wrote about new empires and obscure antiquarian subjects
Wrote about the Etruscan history
Eight Volumes of the Carthaginian history
Introduced 3 new letters
Death
It is said that he died due to murder by poison by mushrooms
It is concluded that the person behind his murder was his wife Agrippina
Her motive was to ensure the successions of Nero before Britannicus could gain power
Reputation and Legacy
“The Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius”Mockery of the death and life of Claudius by Seneca, showing that he is judged by Gods and is sent to Hades
He was looked at as vulnerable to many other leaders which hurt him at times.
Claudius Proved that he could be a good emperor despite the odds and stereotypes many placed upon him
He was looked at as a good creator of public works and was a good administrator
Say not always what you know, but always know what you
say.