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GETTIER: WHEN A JUSTIFIED TRUE BELIEF ISN’T KNOWLEDGE mins
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NO KNOWThe man behind Naomi in Starbucks dropped his rabbit keyring, and she
passed it back to him. The following day, she saw a bus screech to a halt,
and heard a thud; the man from Starbucks was dead underneath it. She told
the police she’d spoken to him yesterday in Starbucks, and he had a rabbit
keyring. A few days later, she screamed as she saw the very same man in
Starbucks again! He explained that his twin brother had been killed by the
bus, adding “it must be confusing for people, as we both come to the same
Starbucks, but never at the same time – and we have the same keyring”
Did Naomi tell the Police the truth?
Source: The Pig that Wants to be Eaten (2005) No.63
TODAY’S LESSONToday we will …• Learn when a justified true belief is not knowledge
• Look at some examples of ‘lucky justified true beliefs’
Some important philosophers• Gettier
Important terminology• Necessary and sufficient conditions• Justification• No false lemmas
GETTIER:WHEN A JUSTIFIED TRUE BELIEF ISN’T KNOWLEDGE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ldGT2R-pJM 4.50 mins
SMITH AND JONESSmith and Jones go for a job interview. Smith totally messes
up the interview, and is sure he won’t get the job. Jones has
brought his ten lucky coins along to the interview with him.
Smith forms the belief: “the man who will get the job has 10
coins in his pocket”. To his surprise, Smith gets the job! He
then realises that he too has 10 coins in his pocket.
Smith had a justified true belief that the man with 10 coins
would get the job. Did he KNOW it?
Source: The Pig that Wants to be Eaten (2005) No.63
NO FALSE LEMMASPhilosophers use the term “no false lemmas” to mean that the conclusion
must not be inferred from a false premise / assumption.
With Smith and Jones, Smith arrived at his JTB from the intermediate
conclusion that Jones would get the job. His conclusion that ‘the man who
gets the job has 10 coins’ was based on a false lemma.
This is sometimes known as the NFL principle
So the justified true belief that the man who got the job had 10 coins, was based on a false lemma (false belief) – the NFL principle state that this is not knowledge
•JONES WILL GET THE JOB•JONES HAS 10 COINS•C- THE MAN WHO GETS THE JOB WILL HAVE 10 COINS
False lemma (false belief)
ACTIVITY – 25 MINUTESCreate your own Gettier-style example
in which someone has a j.t.b. which isn’t knowledge
Draw this out as a storyboard / cartoon
You may work alone or in pairs (in the
pair, both partners must contribute)
REMEMBER…• X forms a belief• X is justified in
believing it• The belief turns out to
be true• But something
happened to mean that the truth is unrelated to the justification
HOMEWORKGO THROUGH THE TEST AND MY COMMENTS, AND LOOK AT THE MARK SCHEMES ON P62, AND WRITE YOURSELF SOME TARGETS TO IMPROVE. EMAIL ME YOUR ANSWERSFOLLOW SOME OF THE LINKS ON MOODLE ON JTB AND DRAW A MIND MAP BASED ON YOUR RESEARCH
ACTIVITY – 15 MINUTESAre j.t.b. really necessary?
Read p.30-31 of your booklets and draw a mind
map to summarise why justification, truth, and
belief may not be necessary conditions of
knowledge