TRIAL KELANTAN 2014

NO. ANSWER MARK

1. The wall at lower part is thicker than at upper part.

Water pressure increase as the depth of water increases

Higher force of water is produced at lower part.

Thicker wall is to withstand the high force

1 1 1 1

2. Modification

Characteristic Reason

Neoprene // elastic synthetic

To insulate body // for thermal protection // prevent heat loss from body

Flexible Can move with the body

Low density material Lighter // small mass

Thick Can withstand high pressure// Protect from sharp object such as coral

Tight fit // same size to body

Reduce water resistance

2

2

2

2

2

TRIAL SBP 2015

NO. ANSWER MARK

1. (a) The ratio of sin i to sin r // The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum or air to the speed of light in medium.

1

(b) The incident angles in both prisms are the same

The refractive index of glass is higher than the refractive index of water

The critical angle of glass is smaller than the critical angle of water.

The higher the refractive index the smaller the critical angle.

If the incident angle > the critical angle of glass will result in total internal reflection // while water which has bigger critical angle will result in refraction of light or

Characteristic Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2

Incident angle same

Refractive index Lower Higher

Critical angle Higher Lower

Relationship refractive index increase, critical angle decrease

Phenomenon Refraction Total internal reflection

1 1

1

1 1

(c) Diamond has higher refractive index than glass.

The critical angle of diamond is much smaller than the critical angle of glass.

Most of the rays that entered diamond will be total internally reflected that makes diamond sparkles.

Most of the rays that entered glass will be refracted but not reflected

1 1

1

1

(d) Modification

Characteristic Reason

2 prisms 45-90-45 // from drawing

To get total internal reflection

To make the image upright and not laterally inverted

Long focal length for objective lens and short focal length for eye lens

To form a magnified image

Big diameter of lens More light can enter the instrument

The outer body made from lower density material

Light and easy to carry.

The body made from strong material

Does not break easily.

10

TOTAL 20

EXTRA

NO. ANSWER MARK

2. (a) Producing of induced current by cutting of magnetic flux 1

(b) (i) North pole 1

(ii) The number of bar magnet in Diagram 10.2 is more than in Diagram 10.1

The deflection of the pointer of galvanometer in Diagram 10.2 is more than in Diagram 10.1

1

1

(c) (i) The higher number of bar magnets, the higher the strength of magnetic field

1

(ii) The higher the strength of magnetic field, more deflection of the pointer of galvanometer

1

(d) (i) - Draw diagram (fully label)

- Iron core - Input 240 V a.c - Primary coil 50 turns - Secondary coils 100 turns

4

(ii) Modification

Modification Explanation

By using a laminated core To reduce eddy current

By using low resistance wire made of a good conductor

To reduce heating effects in the coils

By winding the secondary and primary coils on top of each other

To reduce leakage of magnetic field

By using soft iron core Easy to magnetized and demagnetized.

Max. 6

(iii) Working principle of the transformer

Alternating current flows in the primary coil induces a magnetic field in the soft iron core

The magnetic field is constantly changing

The secondary coil also experienced magnetic flux linkage which is constantly changing

Hence an alternating e.mf. is induced in the secondary coil

1 1

1 1

TOTAL 20

TRIAL MARA 2007

NO. ANSWER MARK

2. (a) State the meaning correctly Force is an agent that can change the shape, state of motion and direction of an object.

1

(b) (i) Explain the reason correctly

In Diagram 1.1, weight of the load is equal to the tension of the rope // forces are in equilibrium.

In Diagram 1.2, weight of the load is greater than the tension of the rope.

1

1

(ii) State the energy changes correctly

Gravitational potential energy Kinetic energy.

1

2 (two

graph)

(c) (i) Calculate the tension of the rope.

1

1

1 (awu)

(ii) State the answer correctly

No

1

(d) State the suitable characteristics and the justification correctly.

Characteristics Explanation

Seat cover: Fabric Cooler / able to absorb sweat

Seat base: fibre Strong /does not break easily

Seat belt : wide Exert less pressure on baby

Car seat fastened facing the rear

Children are not exposed to danger from broken glass or flying pieces of debris

State the suitable car correctly : M

State the reason correctly

Because it use fabric, wide seat belt, have fibre base and faces rear.

2

2

2

2

2

TOTAL 20

EXTRA

NO. ANSWER MARK

7.

(a) (i)

Atoms with the same proton number but different nucleon number.

1

(ii)

Radioisotope source is placed below the card.

Geiger-Muller tube is placed vertically above the card

A high readings indicates that the card is thinner or low

1 1 1

(b) Making decision

Characteristic Reason

Physical state: Solid Easy to manage

Emitted ray: Beta ray less dangerous

Half-life: long Can use for longer time

Penetrating power: Moderate

Can penetrate through the card

Choose Y It is a solid, emits beta ray, moderate penetrating power and long half-life.

10

(c)

Axis Shape N = initial activity T½

4

(d) 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5 → 6.25 Time taken = 4T½ = 4 × 4 = 16 days

1 1 (awu)

TOTAL 20

TRIAL KEDAH 2013

1. Diagram 1 shows part of a dam. The wall at the bottom is made thicker to withstand higher pressure.

Diagram 1

With the use of apparatus such as a thistle funnel, a tall glass jar, manometer and others apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated above.

Inference:

Different height in manometer depends on depth

CLUE CAUSE

(MV) EFFECT

(RV) EXPERIMENT

1. Thicker wall at the bottom of the dam to withstand higher pressure

2. Depth increase → pressure increase 3. Thistle funnel, manometer

depth Liquid pressure (different height in

manometer)

Liquid pressure and depth

LIQUID PRESSURE (DEPTH & PRESSURE)

INFERENCE Pressure (Different height in manometer) depends on depth of liquid

HYPHOTESIS depth increase, pressure (different height in manometer) increase

AIM To investigate the relationship between depth and pressure (different height in manometer)

VARIABLES MV : depth of liquid RV : different height in manometer FV : density of liquid

LIST OF APPARATUS

Meter rule, manometer, rubber tube, thistle funnel, measuring cylinder, thin rubber sheet, salt water, coloured solution, retort stand

ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. The thistle funnel is lowered into the salt water with density 0.5 gcm-3 at a depth 5.0 cm.

3. Observed and measure the different height in manometer, h at manometer through a meter rule.

4. The experiment is repeated by lowered the thistle funnel at different depth which are 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.5 cm.

TABULATE DATA

Depth, y (cm) Different height in manometer, h (cm)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

ANALSYING DATA

SPM 2015

2. Diagram 2.1 shows an incubator connected to a power supply of 240 V by thin copper wire. Diagram 2.2 shows an identical incubator connected to power supply of 240 V by thicker copper wire. It is observed that the bulb in Diagram 2.2 is brighter.

Diagram 2.1

Diagram 2.2 With the use of apparatus such as a constantan wire, ammeter and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated above.

Inference:

Current depends on diameter of wire

Resistance depends on diameter of wire

CLUE CAUSE

(MV) EFFECT

(RV) EXPERIMENT

1. Thicker wire → bulb light up more brighter 2. Diameter of wire increase → current increase

Or

3. Diameter of wire increase → resistance decrease

Diameter of wire

Current

Resistance

Factor effect resistance

ELECTRICITY (RESISTANCE AND DIAMETER OF WIRE)

INFERENCE Resistance depends on diameter of wire

HYPHOTESIS Diameter of wire increase, resistance decrease

AIM To investigate the relationship between resistance and diameter of wire

VARIABLES MV : diameter of wire RV : resistance FV : length of wire, resistivity of the conductor, temperature

LIST OF APPARATUS

Dry cell, switch, ammeter, constantan wire, voltmeter, wire connecting, micrometre screw gauge

ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Switched on the switch and start the experiment with diameter

of constantan wire 0.2 mm as shown on diagram above. 2. Observe and record the reading of ammeter and voltmeter.

3. Resistance is calculated by using the formulaV

RI

.

4. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different diameter of constantan wire which are 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm.

TABULATE DATA

Diameter of wire (mm) R (Ω)

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

ANALSYING DATA

R (Ω)

Diameter of wire , d (mm)

CLONE SPM

3. Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 shows two fishermen that are rowing similar boats. The boat in Diagram 3.1 is fully loaded whereas the boat in Diagram 3.2 is not loaded. It is found that the boat in Diagram 3.2 easier to rowing than the boat in Diagram 3.1.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

With the use of apparatus such as a hacksaw blade, plasticine and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated above.

Inference:

Time taken for one complete oscillation // period depends on mass

CLUE CAUSE

(MV) EFFECT

(RV) EXPERIMENT

1. Boat not loaded → easier to rowing 2. Mass → time taken for one complete oscillation

// period 3. Hacksaw blade, plasticine

Mass

Time taken for one

complete oscillation //

period

Inertia

INERTIA

INFERENCE Period depends on mass

HYPHOTESIS mass increase, period increase

AIM To investigate the relationship between period and mass

VARIABLES MV : mass RV : period FV : length of hacksaw blade

LIST OF APPARATUS

G-clamp, jigsaw blade, plasticine, triple beam balance, stop watch

ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. 20 g of plasticine is fixed at one end of a jigsaw blade. 3. Displace the blade horizontally and release so that it oscillates. 4. The time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t is measured

using a stop watch.

5. Period of oscillation is calculated using the formula , 10

10

tT

6. The experiment is repeated by using different mass of plasticine which are 40 g, 60 g, 80 g and 100 g.

TABULATE DATA

Mass, m (g) Period, T (s)

20

40

60

80

100

ANALSYING DATA

Period, T (s)

Mass, m (g)

4. Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show an assembly in a school hall. In Diagram 4.1, a prefect discovered that a few rows of student could not hear the principal’s voice clearly.

Diagram 4.1 When the two speakers are far apart as in Diagram 4.2, the prefect found that more rows of students could hear the principal’s voice clearly.

Diagram 4.2

With the use of apparatus such as a signal generator, speakers and other apparatus, describe an experimental framework to test your hypothesis.

Keyword: a = distance between two speakers x = distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound D = distance between the source and sound heard λ = wavelength

CLUE CAUSE

(MV) EFFECT

(RV) EXPERIMENT

1. When the two speakers are far apart, more rows of students could hear the principal’s voice

2. The two speakers are far apart → distance between two source (speakers), a

3. Rows of students could hear the voice → distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound, x

4. Signal generator, speakers

distance between

two source

(speakers), a

distance between two consecutive loud or soft

sound, x

Interference of sound waves

INTERFERENCE OF SOUND WAVE

INFERENCE x depends on a

HYPHOTESIS a increase, x decrease

AIM To investigate the relationship between a and x

VARIABLES MV : a, distance between two speakers RV : x, distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound FV : D, distance between the speakers and the sound heard

LIST OF APPARATUS

Audio signal generator, loudspeakers, meter rule

ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Adjust the separation, a of the two loudspeakers to 1.0 m

3. Switch on the generator.

4. An observer stands 5.0 m in front of the loudspeakers and walk in a

straight line parallel to the loudspeakers.

5. The distance between two consecutive loud sounds heard, x is

measured by the meter rule.

6. Repeat the experiment by adjusting the distance between two

loudspeakers which is 1.2 m, 1.4 m. 1.6 m and 1.8 m.

TABULATE DATA

Distance, a/m Distance, x/m

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

ANALYSING DATA