":"'::',:,' 'y

,\......

'332 South. 3';II..;;scondit:o, '''Call£ox'"i", - - cI2() 2!;";'/ ::':r:,',' ",

IrrclC~ll.On~ NO.

4115 II"ttorneys for

6!, '

7 iiII

811

I SO L"'-IL-~-- RA"O''''S.l.",:~.U· .u;..:.~-: . 1'. ,

11

12 '! - vs -'I'

.,13=·il:\ENNE'1'H P •. F1\.RS,

li14 'i511-----'----'-:..cCJ

,.' '. ~,: "', I

NArioNAIJ'II\IWIN tAW LIBRARY

-.

•

Until May

" c,';'

This.';"case tells th~' 'k,,,ad::~;J~(f'b~J. of. tJ,e ,b,y··p:ro,duct:s. of :?ovcrty.2

21

14 late naniel':,Ramos. Sh'~':,,'''~as,':,':~~i::'~;~~6ih~'~''riaiuly:/"age 17, and a" , ", - '~';:',

15 sister Linda;.' age 19. :':,~i~::" addii'±6n:'~'-::':'~h'~\~,~~\~~ ha:if-brother

16 Les'ter ,Mason', age. '14; 'a~'d''- a':)1if;t~rtste:r"'.Th'ci'r~sa ',MaSOn, age 12.

3 It shot-is th'e unsavory re~~dl"£~';~':\~:f\:~·~~'r~.-' in terr.1S of.~. L,"':'>"_,:;,,,,'> :,"',"::" ",',,1.::: :.' '

4 farllily destruction, ruihed'--:e'dij6'~'t:i:o-ri'al:oppor,tuni ties I poor;-;''':'' ::,'. ,,::;-::"j_,I.\::":' ~ ': --:.'.: ,,'<: : " ~',:,' ,; ':, :

5 health, inv'olvement with :,:tha;!,::,la\,(,;-:>dcspafr ~. '':'J<athy, 'Ramos" at "the

6 age of 'fifteen has neve'r .. ·~bmi~tt:te:d~>.~:':·;};'r{f.{e and' h(1'$ never hurt':-;:I'T .:.'~:

7 anyone. She -loves her fain'itY"':;:~.h(f-·,:tlHi!Y,:-'iov€i:'-her,but she faces

8 removal from her home ariS.:,-~l\~~:~~'~li~'-',in',,:'~:}' f~:~'t~r home with

9 s'trangers, i.,erhaps 'in a "s'tr~ri:~:~':,:,~66n\...nun{!~; ~ Remarkably, the

10 Department of Social v~eii~~f~:'~:is<:~iili'riJ:':'t6"t'ky 'lriore for 'her "•. , I'

11 Cilre in the foster home then' i-t;,,:, allows, (in \'leifare pay.-nents

12 to her Otoln ,family. 'or t'o ,'re'~i:friv'~~'j;"f6'i ;'i~'~'~ ·'c'ai:-e. '

18 and Theresa in Escondido. '''. k'e'~£<~~d;:;\<~thi'~en Rainos lives \'1ith"'}"';~'" :}

. ,-·t;"-:"

22 and brothers and sisters, bui::,.6", that dat""the Juvenile Court

23 for S'an Die,go county:'p'i~ce(~{\i~t~:;:':'i:ri,r'~hecar~: of' f.1rs., ~'10rD.1es.

24 T.1e Court acted tinder:','da:'iif'~:rrif'~.':lqef~a:te:-,:'an'd 'Institutions Cod,:

25 § 601, giving it juris-dicti6it,(,:,6~~'~,,:anY,.min'or'~\'lho is a habi'cu<il

13

•"I

"",,.0:,' ,':' "';,',,

26 truant from: schooi \'lith'in th'e;::l11~ani~g>of"a..ny lmol, 'of this Sta-cG."',(",",:'

.,,- .

fact of

tir,18S,

lltruant" and

(See Exhibit A ~o the c~mpla~'h'~'~') ... '.~" ....~~'''~~ ahdtar~y a number of

The petitioi~ brought': ag2i.'ins·t,;::k~'thy',char'ged" that II s 11e nas Deen

absent or tardy, With~'~'t,,;v~ii:~::':;~~'~b~sEi~,:for more than five days."

Ih

iiIi

27

28

291

3°131

32

•

she was advised ~y

, "," -' C.' _', ~<'" ':- .,':!';.'. '_, ". , ,,',:'<:, " __ :'~,' ,''". >:;, _,,!.'

"7 a ward Of:,: the court,~::'_'::':~":::'~,:~~:~:i::E:C11ib:,~_:t_:::,:~,":'!',,,t6','_~::,e'_'.,cor,iPlaint). 'rhis

': ::::rh::q::::::::e:~~t:{:~~it'::::~t:::l:::y~l::dl,,::el:::j ect"'; _<:i;,;);;.'>t:~,~;,,;(, \:.:',''-,: /,I',::.;,',"!·:(,.;- ·:.::.::t... ~,,'>

10 to' numerous coriciii:i'O'rilir; :·mo's,tly.i;'"unre1'ate'd '>tb. her alleged- trl1ancy:'::::.'" "" ",_"" '>"'-:('"':~.J.,;:,;,,\;':_'~!,:<_::;d>(:,,<:;';'J,:_~\;,, :;:',,-,'::,S'\i;:.,::: ~":"\"': ",-

11 (See Exhibit C to the 'Complaii1t)-., 'Recently:,,,\;,,_ ;,~:,'i":, ,~.-,;,.

12 Defendarit: Cavey': th~t:-):;-~c'a:tt?J'e';:~:~sh:'e -,:iit'is~d'd",,'-tbo many days of summer~-'- -'

'''F'

14 Court to have

15

16 summer s~hool at Orange Gl~n" f!'igh' School,:which is about 4 1/2

It is difficult

poverty' and --her edric'£iio'tiid:"~!::~~i6b"1~'i~i"':-'~-'" ,i:,"",>";;,,, ,'::':<, ~~_

Kathy's family 'receives,'for .I'''': care only about $48.00 -",- '" .,,:'T'/"':_\'.}>:";:;~;:~_:,( ,:-'_t::"""'/:'>_":' ',., ',:ii' , .

(See Exhibit °D t,j;":,tl,e::ComplairitJ",. If Kuthy were in a.," .'. _'j" '·'';-f'', ..

foster home $105 ~-O"O:'~:~_b'tiidQrb'~':,~;:;:_~~-~ii-aBte.':for, her care, \-li th th~

possibility of addition~i:~~i~;,(ifit,~~uld assist her in",'!' '.',:':~,' ::'>"i;-1:J1:\-:,;i:'\ii~ ~>~~';:":;: .'- '-':'~-'-,,,'yo ".,. " ..'

" " .. I ' -', ' ::;" " ';" -",!_:;:' i-', "-':; ,( , 3-'~ ;':' ,_:''-'"

,":,,,,0,,\,; ;<,:

:-'::~;'t::~:'i~- <i;}Ui~/:~ :,,:r;:~;:,~;.~,?:-·;'::",;"''',:.;

--", /~',~\:~,: -::;;i:"-~.', ',y.,

c.-.,,:~i':,j~;~ ,:':'\ ,.'"-;'--',

27

24

31

30 month.

28

32

J-'-'/:'-"'" ;,,:.:

22 \'vhether'-:"oi: not- the':':riie'cha:ri:Cba~~('fai'iure·::cd~\-,~n.>automooile is grounds ,.. , ,0,"'L: -,- " .. " ~-', "

23 for an -excused ab~~n'a~~':ii;btil}-§{;h~oi./;;"it(";-':Ls' '-'~ cause of absence

29

.18 ha:s been- plagued' "ii-th-,me6har{i"d'alJJte'aJ~dow;';'s, r.1any of the ti;r,es

19 Kathy 0 was absent or tardj ,~e'~e" due 0 to h~r inability to get

20 transpor~ation to ~s'ch6o'l~.'i::':~U;'~-t:'-'::cif ~'the .'other 'absences \'1cre, '•• ,'E.

, ,

1 . returning

;jj;~~ ,,,'-1",')' ,:,':::'

"r'"

".;';,:,

"' "','

2

3

5

6

9 her::'

II

Kathy snould

, _, - '.' , _ ~'_ _ "'." ;"":~:,, c " ,,_ ";:.

self for not 'g~ttl~'g';.j\~thy'~tci:;:::'s:6h'601:~'\';-~lrs':-~-'('ta'vey.·:hit' at the

pr'oblein"': ,. :,:;-:~:h~':. i5',~t~(-~-~',; .Pli~:.,)::-:';~~'i:~·~''. thathear't of the

This

"','.';'.; .. "J"

s&e~>th~,>:-i't'afe'~::punitsl1'fh'~:.'acts ,caused by" ""I

"',',' ,",:':'_, ";' ~~,';':,/.' c,,' ,:)<:':~,,:;,:;,,; '::' ,I, ,:',c,f", , __' ,:~, • -

CalitorriJ.a.::' EducatJ. on:~~:cod~.I~'o'f~--:stat;e,·]ide. appli-, "~",,, ,,' ,;' ',j, '-'"

, '-:', ",' ",,: ':"i":~:",:i!""::':",:;""';:"'" ", •. '",> ',','::'i" '.basis, that ',tney. v:).ola'te, the Equal Protect).on

~la~~:~'~' ~'~'~::,:;~:<~'~'u~f;d~~~'?,1ir.~~~ncntto the':i':

Thus, lile

cabili ty on the

and Due Process

statutes 'in the

'.:-

the state.

,- _.; "

be put in' a'·· 'home .wher~' ':~k~;~'i/'\~~-~"~-;~-, '·C"~i<~~hich could -get' her \-l:-,ere',:~' .;:.;: - '. ;< ,

I. 'A THREE' 'JUDG'E":'D'iSTRI'CT""toU"RT'.-;'i.njs'T, 132 COH-, ",,' .- -',1,,",· ,~,;\ .. ,-

VENED TO I.fEi.r{::'A..~D;::~:hE';j?liRi'iIN]f,,:,cTkt's: }1.u..TTER~

conditions the state is 'iii::,~>k_j?'o§i'ti'dn,"'to:!'reii1~dy I but instead

chooses to ,,' aggravate",,:'at; '-~~:~:;'i'~'~~'~h'~'~:."'b:~':'::.-i~;'~(:';:~'ar.\ily1,,";':,-: ""'.'

,';, ,

'least 'equal to the': 'f~::~~~'r :"b~titt:f~'i~"':::,'tb:)'I<~thY'~ sown fai.lily or:'i':" , ' ,

rel~tives-':'\'::she \'lOUld'..::Ri!.ve :~,ak':fi~iqJhi)':-,6~p:6rtJh:i'ty to pursue an, ,/:", "

edticati01f";~hd ho'rmal~:£~iit3-iif£'~':);,:~:.-a1d/'\;i~'dfd't::the':~~ctions of

"" . ._,-,>,-~!~::,:t;;;::/.:-,:;:(; "'!;~':,.:.,. '

served with,::thi"s .ivlern6:tanduf.t:~bf~.}'Points:,and-,Alitho:tities.)- . . .- '" . -. ~:';:'-'::' "1"-: ':" .::..

sad but t~~i~'_ cornn1eni,,:":j.'~:";)~:--fl:rm-:·~~indl'dation"~Hat, i11dccd" the

poverty Of':,l(~thY:','S.'\:f~h'i:'f~,:,:,{i:;::f'~~¥~giJ~,~,j;;~'6~,,:h~f':":'.t.roubles and thil,t i:,..,:;:\\;,;',:;,:~ _" ~,., - f,>:',,;',;,'

~ but for the 'reftis'al",:"of",;:the,::,:s'f:~te:\ril:d";',::cbhnty:::':~opay' ar.lounts at

12

16

17

14

15 '

19

13

32

28'

18

fl6

27

24

22

25

21

29,

30

25

31

,20

"-:,:: j ::~:4 373 u.s. 66'S (1963).

,',I"~ ','_':,:,'2 is "plainly. insubstan'tial' <~_~,,,. '/I'~-ie~1'iid"ribn, ·,voyo.c:e Li'('[uor Corn. v.

5 The":united'\:Stat'~~';" s~ti~:~, :;'C:bU~'~ :h'as :'de'fine'd ,the term:i' ,- . ,,:,", , ,: ': '~\;:-:', :/' ,'-<~i~;, .;~:I;:,;",::,:,-:,'",,>', ::',' ":, :,.;

6 Us-ub-sta."nti:al" with; ,refere:nc~~'~.:'tb·{~';con:venirtg,·t.h'ree' judge courts as

7 follows:

8

9

10

The lack

merit-"", .

que~tion

"

11

12

13

,;,\.-:_,.:_::,,:~ .,vice Co. v. City of Redding, 304, U~s. 252, 255, (1938)

14 The Constitutional cO"il1plaint, far

15

16 questions -'~oncernin9:·\£'~":'-':'d;8~~~fI~'Gf{:~~'~:ij.~i~;:bf-tI~e- statutes,

18

·-i' ',-,'

17 regulatio~s-, pra"ctic~'s -~;:>a:il'd~:L~'Cif~'d\iii~·s<':.;~~, ·"a.i's eus sed, be lo~., .

Three judge -courts0~~~~tb~~~~corive~~~in-many ,cases

King v. 51.'l1i th:21

'19 charging' denial-:'of -e'~h:~'1':;~i'6f~B:f{~:~i'-;;,:6f':ih~·:·:-'ia\.is in the adr.linis­

20 -trati-on Of,:PUbli6"" 'ass'i~:~ari';&~;",::~;i6'tj:t~~~':':::':/Tk~', :--cor~'~ctness of this

procedure 'was ,confirriled.:,:,by,:-.':~:~:',_h:;ut;reme ~;6-:b~~it in

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

Since appellee~,s~ugJi~injunctive;'eliefre­

straining the ~ppel:{;hf':~tate'offiCia1s from,i".:"

th:~ __ Emford~men't>i6p"e:iktjrbt/i,.'k~'a>.:ex~·c\~1:ti'on ,-of,:-a\" ,.

statewide, r'~gu±:_1t;{(;h~.:'6h":i:.t.he<\~.t6Uhd-;':~cof-its, 'un-'.'.,<, :<.' "··;'i,:,-<:."· "".' ,-'

constitutionaiity" the,\three :judge,"court was. :: ;:'"",C,,!>,,~,-,·

properly .,6onveh~'d,:,>p{i'~'s\1~h-r.'"f8':::2(tf~i~·".c ~,",§- 2281."

Sim'ilarly, the hear

II

['­i!

30

31

32

a claim that a

389 U.S .416 (1967)';":,

"',:, ""~. '.> ' , ',," '~\,,>?:,:j('\"Y;'; ,i,'.,' ~::.: ',_'-:"'. "'''',-,' ,

or in the,:"1161.f~3e's'<',o'f;:'.'·relat-ive's':-"bY enabling, ',__ '... ,_r":""';:;:"<:!:(~",":::::::i::;' ::":i>:i<.'i." ;:.'-:\}", •

each. state-/to<furn~sn'"fJ.nancJ.:al. assJ.st-'I'" ,-,,"''-'

"an ce ~nd':,'-iehribtt±',t~k~"ion'i,;~h'ci._ othe r s crvices ,, '

as far as ,prric~~6~fle, ~n~~~ ..~~ :,Ol1diti~';s· .

in each state,"::to,.needy dependent children

::y~:~p.:::~~,,,;~::,,:~~,:::::sa~~t:t::~::hen.

"'i" ,

TO CHIL~REllLI~I~~:':iI: FOST~R HOMES THAN TO

CHILDREN LIVING ,WITII ,PARENTS OR RELATIVES

intended to

j urisdictio'n to hear'aha., il~~~~~~in'e:: .-~-fB'~' ::!c'lD:im t:1D. t s tato -rcljU lil­

tions violate the sobi'k'l:' s~:6JM!~ifY_:-'-AC't .'-;~rid '::;2't'fk,:. f~valia under the

. 'I;.,> '. ,". -', !:;:_':':',~_ " .", "., _:'_ ' ' !:.', '_, .'.'_ ',_'Supremacy Clause ~ l<ing.. v'.-'::,_sr~"'i:'tJ:i::;_\.',"St.lr;rei·~- ,.' .Note, PccJ.3ral Jtlc1icio.l

... ," - ,'L, ' .'

Review of 'State ~·ielf~:r~'::':p't~-g~:i~'2:~~·{;;::';:'(f7:j':26iciiti"~':,L. ,'Rev. 84 (1967)" • '. -',; '::',-.':, :.~i",;;,;:,:":-,,t.":"'_":'-' <:·\)':::.!t- :0,,:::, :;r.\.':,'--'::

II. ' REGULATIONS ,,:;PROVIDING--: arGUER AFDC BENEFI'l'S

with 't.,rhi'ch'; californ{~:::.ifih~t;:·/8i~~ly·,::)r<iri't;I ;:~:':( Suii'th, 392 U. S ~ 309,

316 (1962», provid~s\h~{iJ~c is: • ';" " ";'",:.

"For th~'~\jti·~i56;~,·~~'::,;~:~r~i~'bbi:l<tk:Ji~¢ /tl-ie" care

of e.t~pen'dt3'i'ib,,'~"bh'~;'fai~rt'::';·)S·{,,':;tl~~,'fr :;:&.m' ,homes

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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10

11

20

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

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32

,.,'" ..,,'19 a child residing in ,jl£~{;natb:f'kf::''h-o:il{e'~>-'>:

, . . .-',."'" ·',r.. ,;

iI"" , '.... ,i.: "

12 living \'d.~th .his .pareri't'~"'::·,6b'_-,'?reYk;!tf~;~s}:,\,c:aLi.:fornia Dcpart.ncnt, ' . ,.,' 'J> ~" ",,,~."" '.. ,,' , . i I.: .

13 ot' Social ;"welfare;. "A'ia ·"to.~~:;Fami:lres',:.~"t;j-ith:':'-'bEi·p'endent Children tind

14 General Relief: Cos "t"s '. S~.hJd\1i'~·~:::,.'","for:~':',i:L~{ri:-- ,r{iE{qo" 'county (effective

15 July 1, 1969) (E"hibit':E toth~ compl'~in:t;hereinafter"Cost

'16 Schedules"). The befie~it,~'cj.,'~'~';;les"fhuS' induce poor parents

17 to place ;~eir .~hil~'i~:~:;,::'i:~:;:'jf;6·k,~·~;~~';·~1~i~~~·>:~'~:~;peCiailY\'l:'len, as

18 in this case, AFDC' pt-'6';'id'~'~; 'f~~:s~~~'h'~'ri'::f{i~;' dollars a"month for

21

22

23

",'.;

"

and

':"

', ..;'-'"" ..-,

, .': ':. ::, . 'i : :':;T:,f?;}i~;',,::] ':i!, ',,-:',,", ': '." :~'. ': " ':,' ,',

they need.-';for/he"alth,\anCl'i,' development;,;': ':'V""~' i:~:.i.');',: ;,,'';''

'ReceivEa".'·',:arl ',':~i1'i'cati6b>:-th~·t', wfll help

them ri~iliJ~~fglg~Sbib~Bi~i~~~,,::' l

Share" ih ;~fl~I~i,f;i~ff~'~ ·:':;8~f. ,.~~:~, ~'h~'±'~l~bOr1iOod4.

3.

'~ ,..

• /: :,"_':-,:':':,~'::'\"J:,:::'-':;:':>'::::":'_;:',_,-'

support.. ,[Emphasi"Ei'Hidd'ed] ;_.:'

Federal r{aridb6:ok'-i"b'f.::~~Jhbiii~~,~"k~'si'~-i'a~ce'A&rtinistration

"allow~d

and commtmi£y:<:" .•.. ~:To liv~:,::in:,"tl1.'e~,::'taiililY to ':~~111di1" he" belongs

"->:'i;.; .'__ :"';':};::'IC("~:,' .. ' ': ~"" '::';' :;,,\ .-, :.:'.is the' foun;i~tiohV~'o'f::.:~'a:::'ch;(ld"s"~;'~"ecurityw

i ' .' ;~" ,. ,~.~ .-,.': ,:',:t:::\', ," ,,}:"',... , ,:. ''',,:' ,,"'-:'::'" :.'~.:~ '.:~:,,.-The public: l'ias:yan'I':-ihterest':.:and:)::>bllgation in

'.,:;",.,':,,:>:,1.,":'--::.. :', ,,: .. .',:'

sustaining,t~~.,~b~,;~~~~~ion;viIl~~~ pa~;nts,. 'C. ,

and inunediate 'fainily:,make c to the: development, . '.' ." ,: >",~,,;::::.:::/"::'~':,;:i;";:-'·St;!/W':'{:_'\·,~~,)' ;~(' ::,\':::-f:".'::,.::-':',;" ~'":' ." •'.-of, a chJ.ld'w"::"c FJ.nanc.l.'al\.':J.nabJ.lJ.t~r',:-to 'meet a

'::'''child I s' ne~J:~:::~,., ~'fi;~'~~:~6"~~;:~~": '~h!6riit+ not 'be

The

;','

,- ;.,.-,:':,:,;,.:: -;'-t,~:',,." . :",,' I, ,~I::.,''-.,_. - ',',. • .'::;.;:-i', '.'2:-,

":'-':'\'>:::;:~};i;, ::',':',', ,,'.,., "';':',{- :"~" .

.f~"'il~ p'are;';t~'o;:··''. . , ' '" -: _>,_;_:-"::,,:.":'~i:,~':':-,,,,-:;,:;...;. /\:': ::+~);":-":\;.\~:<:, '.', :;';.-:,,::.y:.:\, .'

:relatives "to,.""."att'a'ili-'! O'r.:'xet-airt' citpakJi"lity",',; ::"",1, ',._1' • ,,,. -r' .

fdr -the' nlaximunl<sejJ;:Et-::stipJ8'f'~:~'fari'd ::b;e~SOrial

indepel~de~c~ CO~~i;~~~~; ,htdthe mainte-

nance '0'£ continui'it'g,I:'.:pa.t'eritali':·care ;~md,,', ,'.

Handbook says:

6

5

3

7

4

2

I

27

26

31

24

8 also makes clear' th'at ~':tdt'~'/'~;h:~;t£6'~s;'~:'~'te,:,!c6nt'~aryto federal

9 la\\F if they encourage f'~~,~i'l'~; ):h:!:~~~u~;s'~';)"P'ri'i·t IV I § 3401; of the

21

32

18

12

17

19

23

25

28

29

30

15

16

10

11

20

22

13

1'4

""

A three

':':: >::.':,,~,,;t:::;{,: ';",

''',''

"',., i '''. ',r-~",,;,-""~

1)

,,<, --'; :;'.. ".. ' ~':

other resou·r'ce's'/rn:;:',th'e{,i.-co..'1ll\luni'tY,:,,:'through.- " i"

which the ~f'amIl~',:~'n~~~,:Y'~'~~ii'~e'ti~~ir ~l~'1S

'and hopes fO'r" t~~~;f~i::~i~i'id~e;ri::';:'''~'~d :.,lay improve

'their Cir6~m~;~~:J~et~::'~~;;~;cc~:tdfAg,';'~6:'.their

necessity an:d' di~':i:f~';1~ ':Tlltxs:'; i:h~' ;purpose

'of aid 'to d~'pe~d&h't!:';:;'cfi:t!'di~i1:i'~;:"'\~'lO-fO~d:

of his natur'af:;,t~:i~:~~~'~",~":b:i'::':'B-f"'::~elatives, ,.' ',; ::, ,,"; .', :';'" ,:', ',F',' '~!'\f\~.~--,::: ,,'" ~,' ::.. '~' ';: "', ;', ,__:,;'.:- :' ,;;; ':" , ;" "

. \o1ho have-- ai' li.attiraJ{·;~orid,,',of\affection" and

.conc~rn fd£'::"h:t'~:{~;J~i±:i£~'in'~'ir iida:,:,::'2} To

: ';:::";i :.:::'_';,,:I:,<::::,:,,:,:,<;,:,,~::1!:!~~:~l~~"':,/,',';;',:,':';: ,," ,',' .',: ,', ";' ?;i>,',Re cogn J. ZJ.; n'<:J,: '. the:,oiifun:d-amen:f;::al,,' :need'" of, a

::::::: ~J~;1~f,~~i,:~ii:t:: :::;,.the aJ.d to "depende'ri',t::(,chLldre'n', p'~g.gram is''''\' ',," "., :):::;:.':':,:::;'::::::",:,i,,<;';.!i;:·i-;;~:":,:,\,!,:',/,,( ,.-:1'\:".-:'--,,:.. .-:,<,;:';'-, ,',dJ.rected" to'ward",,: :ehab!ing,:.':tli.o~:pareh,t, "or in, ,', ~ ,: ,':__ ::::,-,,~,::,::':'/,::.:~,:/\'.:r::!-\>~,iit/:':::i.;:·i>:<', ;~(i:::,:':, :,;,;:-' _0:,' ,,", '

his ab'senc'e'j'a:;,'clbse':,:,):el'ati"ve', ,to "ensure con-

tinui~cy i~ ":i~~i:i~:~~m~i,~:~'i6~~{~':L:ps,:' ~nd ,to r,min-" '" ~;,: i.::,:':,:::',..' -i.;/~;:'):),'<6".;? ,',':,/i::',' T':, ,(,-:<,~,,:-,,:,c"":::':"~':":

tain full' re'sp'orisibil:i'ty.;::.-:eor.. a"',::way:, of living",':,,: , ,_"';:'<>:'/ ... :,-,.:!\,~t;;UfkF\:';~::i:<:,'>:{;V':':: ~ji :::::': :-:,-'..-:-;:',>'.."in which the ~chi1d::'hatura1J;ybelongs. In

'addition,> ':'fh:~~;c:~:~6;~~~:~::i.i;~:c:ltl'd~~:':,~~{~",i 1:s" -":,i," ,

purpose, pflJ'idi~tj~ik~:'f~i6'~':}:~"br'-:"'d:~cess t:o

.. ':i-,' 'i,:,;,(:,:(X~',;~ ~,;,:", """',~,??; ;,supplied; .. i ', .. " ::-:>:; ,e' ":" ~ ,

Federal co:ur~':':~!~~~ ;~::~~!a~'h:~-~ :,'th~' SaI!t~:":' conslusiori~,

, '. ,'. :'_, .'C": : "::./_T::·~,'):",,.-:~.;, '.': .:'.-,-:_,', -",' '. -',' '0 :,.

(Md. Civ. No. 19250' 12/13/68) .. that"preserving .famUY units "las

clearly orie of AFDC" s'::-pr':Ln"¢i~:j}~~:":"~ur'l?o'~es'~:({~:iiP opinio~- at p., _ _ , -" _""':' ,.,'" ','; , : ': ,':: :::j'.,,,,.,,,:,-,,,,, -,: ..">',';'" - ;."~.:j;,\,,,::,, -:':' , '" .

and invalidated a ;-rary1and ,regulati0l1 i "hich, structured Dencfi ts

in a man~~~_ that"ind~:8:~:~',::if'i:W{i;~_":~:'~:f~:~k~;'~:(~~\;,\'Sec aiso ~effcrson v.

Hac:<ney, (ll.D. Te". ci~}~.'_;;cr_~~012-E)SH~opinion at p. ~-9.):', ::~?::: -'>;!!~!.'>.:. """, ';.;'::;,,'- ;-;:',;-:;~\:,I:-~<~'

,.,-,},\":.,';:- ~,/::~ ',\.~ ,''',':'_: ....~~'.·r·'--:' -, ',;j:,",0' "-,:r;~:-{~\~;;::;/:;,

1

9

10

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8

27

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29

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3

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5

6

11

12

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14

15

16

17

18

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25

26

30

31

, 32

in re-

Issue '217,

"':";,~ Y", '",:"

>;'<~.',:~"'.~:." . ...:..

':"".,'.;-'"

care ($105':,:~--;a?-m6'h~ii~i:";:&h~j'<thi:'~":;"6i~'~}::are.' .ac1ditional

:i{i~h::Y~~b'h1~"~·'i'~:~d"to'·.the re-es-

tablishmen·t of the 6h'i:l~:~"~':':'"

turning to.:'.his family.

standard of

:;',.-

'''''(B''£'i:i>16id:~~~;~.~b:~~.1':i~.i,8A~ai "effective 10/1/67, at §~ 44~;~:~:)44~271'.)

The >d'ispar'i ty:,cili' ~:~~~i~il't~~~';~l~'ci1t~'~:;,~I4;;::~b'SGibl~<.',~for. aI i-.,'.,"'"

Gtranger .to provide '.":f b'f:.! ~;~j~'~:I3E4·~i61hIi'~:l'::<:.~~S:'f:'~\:t~~,~"q'U ate'iy than ~1 i z

m'rn parentz and rel'~'fi~~'~'>T;':~M{~;~".j~;~~~ri:~i;I~~"i:~~}'~l~~,,,'excrcise of t:1e

family' s ~ight to li~e:t~g~~~~~')2~~+y:~~~~actas' an inuucc-

~'Ilent for parents '::tb:;place, ::':thel!r,~,,':'ch~'ldre1i,::,',~~;.~;:f9st~r: ho~·,w:S'. It is

inconsisten t vlith Cdngr'E!~'~~~~:",{~~::~~rit.,,::'::_th'a't·{K~bE:'help' keep fru:1ilies'.; ".:" "'<";'." , ,,,~:".;;<:::(~{f:i.f:~:i?,':: ..:;:.":,;,,,, ""':'."~';:~'; ",;,.:.L"" .,':' " ':' ;', :

together. Thcrafore/·::the:;s·cho'duies·/,'.practi-ces"",:' rules, and res-u-_." ,~':':'~:,,:;i::',>::.' ",f;:~iA!~;;3.~~0/i~i'i.~;;i;;'>:/,:;:·::::;'~S;I:.:'; '.::;':>: ~.~;">; ';" .. '.' .,.>~ ., ,';

lation's sct·ting AFDC;':b:erie'fi·,t~f~tf'or>c1ii!'drcri"'in·natural :horacs bo-

lmi the mini:llum b'~~t·~j---;i:~~l"~;~~\~~~~~~"~/~d·~~:~;';;~;~:~~;k:;-ii·iKcd for' childr~nI::<~:;:f

benefits to

I and II (d).)

'l'hG "CalifOrn'r~;' I '\lWh'~L\;~;f ::s'o:c;i:~d, ,\'tcl:::ZJ.~'e' nlso: ': ,~; ,j'i'.:<,//, I::~':!; \;t:.'F:.#~\i~~\l:~\":";:';,::·:<::;:/',':I+':' Y"L-"\'~ -'::"'.:'~' .'.' :.:, " . .

recognizes that AFDC "is(~·ipt4ndt.a~:!':to:~ke·eir :fii'f,lilies intact'. T:l0:,,:r:-, ,,:':'~ ,:i>:·,I.'::,.:~,\.~1~-'<;::'i:;j~;\·~A};.':F(,:, ~,~,::t~::>" ~ri::.'\( ::~\: ,.,,<: '.. " ,i

California D'c'pz...rti-.len't: cif "'.'So'cla-r'~;::~:;i:i"~fare/hbv~irth.31ci;s-= laun its

the fed~ral" ·hE-DC' .. i~~.'.,; :;~'?';i:-'~~',: J.~~~iM@~i:::~;;@~~\{~,r:j'¥;SJ;'~b',:: ~:~~: $1'0 5".' 'of AFDC

" ';':: :. ,. ".~' .: ": ' .. :,";"'.1 ,,:,:,·,:\:.:t\;:~,:);:!i~~~,,::~~~::,~i,~':;:?\i!j);'.; ':-.',L,;:':·", __:,::,:\'i(',';>,..'I.. · " ,,' '.,,,' ' ,as D. 'minir.lunl.basic"',st.ahdi:l'rd::'i:,O:r:.';:::C'are·~(''lheh::'--Ka:t~1Y:.'·'Ramos "livcs' in

. ", ,::."J !"': :;.'(,::':;',"'::::"'.;.::: :':' ",-,t;' :~;.'J;>;":.:f:(i;',::\:':>,~,· ,it::},:,:, ,;. >i/::. ,,'; ,a foster home and $4.3::.'t-'lhen',:'"s ylJ:,th,:::her' r,lothcr or:- grzu"1d-

mothe'r. (se:e' cos't:, s~~~2~:i;~:" )';:~:U~~'~~·;:. ",< :"~:,::~ "

The $57 diffcre~,~i.~r"'i:'11!~',1::3~~~11'J\~,~pranation: T;'~.money is not_·.an "iricentive:·/to·tfos~tet;;':horiles or profit for t:1C...1.

, . ,,', ; "', '.'~"':" ,t~~:,:~,/;V:',~:~::I~;~~~if~:'~f,::i,:,~:~:j'~1\;:'r~;.I!t:~<?,:,7,;.·,:;,c~;."'",:, '." :,: ,!. ~'.AFDC 'benefits are', st:d.:ctlY,~,!:t,rea~'ed;{as';~i:li'~ne'~:t:t·s:',fo-rI the chila,

':., ':~" <"', __ :,: :'::~:;,.::~':~. :'::<::'-~~:~t;1:~;~~t;':;,/{ }~·\,;;::::'f;:'.:!;,;:',;: :,~~,,-:,;.:~::';G::':"'::, ,:: ,~ '::.':,not, tIie, par;ant, ,'or _fo'ster'::,h'omo;',:cHat:,,·receives'-\:theriL'. (~'a11i'a;Tls v.

Dandridqe,.. "'supra',; ~i'i;:i; gi:i~Kf~h~~~:~:~;~i:"'(:\:~~~:·.~::i'n::~,~;~-:-9.'i 'Californi'a SDS'~!. ,,:: ,:," ::.': ':".'--'" ':,: ·,;'.P'<";"\\'::'i,~;~gj~';'~j#':';i/.k':i .:: :,~/'/:;--.:--. >';->:~:":

l'Iianual,' .Issue 217', 'at';~§;i'4'4:,::.~",:~1'3'3;~;)r,r;.:,~:/N6r::;:is ,:,.-the $57. .to- p'ny' for

foster home serVi'ces",':~:~~~"6rili:'):~~f~£hi'friur~?~i~~"i~~~t:,;~'t:ah~~~d,of care ~, " : :<:~:' :;:~'l;,,::"·i~'~':::o~;'~~:/f.\Y;:;;1~(i1~;i;;:·~}L :U'~ ',',-""

The $1'05 pa.-id to, f05ter.~j'homes)~s·:"','only::~li~t,~"ri:d~d"""t6h:':boverti1C.. '.-' ", .:': ':;., ,)~".; ":", };-t;;l·:;?!;j"t,:,t/;}:~:/;:~: :'\-_,:J:~~;,:\:;,;: ';1:~:';;,:;:c' }', ,.-' ;',:':;,

l~inimur.t basi:h standard'. 'of .'. 'c2fJ:e::;;.:;,i;~~'ASee'(C'os"t:;::"Scheduies' at p. 15

II

I

III

\

exercising theirand parents must pay,

basic rigtlt

" ,-, -~,:}:,: ',' ':'--'-i'" :,::~}:;-::/~!':: T::.... ' , ",,' ,..__ .", :.' .'.,';, i;:::-,,:. in 'foster homes violate\:;:t:he'JiH;'.u:prcmacy':;:Clause.;:,"arid -'-~rc:- void'.

',~' ',' "<':': :i:,>","-:-',":' ':_:: ;,~' ::.,. ,:',,:;,_ -"'::" "':. :'.' _,;",_,:,1,:: ,.'.: '. :':::' ',: :,~: ' ::', •

III. .REGULATIO~SP;~~I,D£flb ,.fii~riS~i\FDcr TO CIlILDl<E:·j, . ,.':: _ " '\rj,,:~(,:~,,' 'YL:;:'fji;J,:~;f~.;;t!~::·;-:,(:::,<-,;:·:;:;:;;!,'~:,_::';\'::!'.:':'A:;"(:\-' -"':::' ,'..' ,,- -, ,'.'

LIVING-' I~J ,FOSTER:':'JIOf'1ElS"'I.TiIAN:_'-:TO-"CHILDR!:;~LIVING ~

.,,', :-.-, ", ': \', I, ,::,,:,-,:,>';'1:,:':,.,.: :t:~/!,::}!:I~~~;~\~i/f<", .. ",>!; ;j':';"::':",'7:i .;;"", ,,', ' .. r" ':'" ,;: ,

WITI! PARENTS,. OR ·.REDATIVES' .ARI~:;YU:lCO:;:STITUTIO:-lAL., ',':}, ,;,;j:)i',':':~::::>W:,\'i(!!~fii\:I;~:,:,;>;,; ',;-~::::(th<:)':;:-,/,:;'.~:;,J::/· :' 'j" ":'

,:A. The', regu"iatl;ons~;taiEtAihc'6n~tt{ttl.tiona1 becauseI c' ':':, :i.; ,-:<{, !"':':\:' "-:':Ii~:,i~':;-[:!;,~';~: ;\:::;;«:",>c}",':"'!:i ~h:: '-, :~~:::.,::;::::,..,~::\,:::" .' , " ,

they establish an",'unne--ce'ss::.;i'ry,,'i,cl'as's'i:fication which' ir:1­"::, ';':,',: ::"';'t,~",, :>':':;:~}f,:~:~:7:h';!:>:;:'__ ,::~:;,:;':'~'l<: j:,'<t i:,:,:<:' i:.;:!i;·,,~-, :

pingcs 'on ,the' basl'c--'r,fght'S:l::;t'd':~:l'i"Te>,~'1ith'"one I 5 family

and to secure ~n' 'eaucat~8n?;~' \~< i:i:':!!;',:;:~~;,,;:-",i:Ft~/'

The' right ,to ':i{~'~ ~'~~rig';:~~i~ih:,~;;~,~~~Ii~:{.'?{f:'a, b"asic tenet ~£J \':'":,, "",;":;,; ....i;~:~~:~,I!i;!;,;\.t,·"-',:"; :~(i:r-:":{;",: ;-":':,:"~"'.'.'\"

o'ur society. ~ v~~,,'?-reb'rasl{a),,;::.262,':"U,'.S."":,~'3'9b,,, -3'99 '( 192'3)";

Gi:is''lold v .... corinecti:ctir;-.::', 3·'-8-i\;,uj~~t::<i:.'4"~rS-~X;~4~;~\'~;:'i'48"8 j 495 (concurriniJ:-,,;--/:':', :,/",::::~r~'f.~;~~i\L:"::,;,V,,:,i!.:,;:,L:.':<':":::):;':',\i':/:::.i:< "

opinion of Goldberg I 3'-') ,,~;~,,:502~:,}(con:curring;,~;bpinionof ~'lhitc, J.)',:: :::',:, ','-:i::,',' ,: ;:~,:':~:!,;;:t(~ist:;~:::~:;,;:'iF~,;:,;,;::;,;~\~,:: ::';>,r:-;!:~t:i,r,~',", , ,: r

(1964); In re Gutierrez, 46.'cC'a'l"App.',94·;'·'lSS Pac. 1004 (1920);._',: :- :;;~/:.:~I::.,l,~~~/:t~j~":",,:; :',,::<;~/, ,i:,·-{'<,i::':,:-;-, .,:

Cf. Loving v. Virgi.ni.a; .38S·"U.S·'··'.1·;.·'12 .,(1967) 'Likewise, the

right to 6bt-ain, a d~'b~:~~f':,~ ~~Ug'~:~f"~fi;:~::;:~~~!,~':~'~~-~~r~&;'~fo: 6bt":':soci'ety.

BrO\<1n v. Board of,', Ed~~6:~f' {~W,~~'$:~it~::~i~t4~~:g-:~'::;t:~\);j :.::t{9'~:4)'; ';"bixon v.

:~::~m:e::::: :::r:.:~,~::'~T19;~;:.'~~~·~<~:;~~yo,157' (5th Cir.)

California' s~~~,d~5~~~~'..:~~~~;rtst~h~~xerciseOf, ~hose -rights by ",p'ayi'ng ':greater,~::,'AFDC':~'1benef'~,ts.~,,::ror~:;the---:class of cn~ldren

liVing in foster~Qme~y:d,~~~~1!f'~~;~,~~~~)~'i~hildren living with

parcnts and relat~ves:.":::~':,'.'As:':,shown-<,;'J.n:;;,'Se'bt~dn:)['±",.-,:"'s~praI chi ldren~, ;!,,- '-,:" ,

the', iight>o ;" decent cduc~tion,,,,,':::',,, <" ,,:>,';>,>:H,~,;:, ,"," :"",.,::~:-:'~~, -,,;l',>!,'-'}:;':,.',:, ,

for the right to tive,Lin',:,.thEd~~,::)'l',atural\,:hor.le"'s','~ AFDC children

living ltd th' their p~r'~~t~::',::~:[g~:i~,{:'~'6"_ 'h'O'f',:,::;t~'b~ive' 'adecturttci ,pcnefits

to pay for the ,needs ~,,6;~/:'::a<d~~a'~'h~,~:~,4ti!~-~t'f89i:::;:,:,,':'f~)(jdI' clothing,

she 1ter I m~dical, ,car~::(';i~ri'-~~';:'d:~h:~:f::': g6S't'~:::!i£;~'>ii\Ting.' Fai 1ure and,'" .. ,>" ':"<'-

• " , ",::;: ,', ',-'''',,:.,~~:j.!~:,:;;;:,;,~;,';,;:/,:;-,/. ':,:1.' '::?;i"\';':'<' "-"':", ",''', ,truancy are' not" suri?ris'ing,',::,:i'n':;,~::s"t\.ldcn'ts;(toJ'ho·cannot afford school

supplies, who do not r~cei.j~{~~~~ii~te;fo~d~~dclothing, and who

""0 ;, 00"'" .., '~lhi~'~ :If,r"~;,, '_''0, "0

29

26

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30

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12

14

18

16

17

19

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3

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. .' ". ," ,', ::,<,',< ,::.;',::-,' .:' :~i"";'"/"::/~:':":':"':::;):":~':~-:~:~':>?i:' ,,)';~;;~<::'~:'~instance, wai" de:clar~'d: -t'l:u'an·t"i:::"in-e'n"i;:s'hC". -mHrsed:' to'c', li1.:lny day's of

" -.1 ;.,," ";"""0":: -,,;}'.:, ", ,. :~J\. . . , .- :1; :" r_,,'.;: -..:" ;, .,-~:.- __ ,.". ",~,.,:,;,-, :~':" ','--, <_,,,:'1>., ""';'-' _":'.. ,- ',' ',','

school because no bus 'se'rviceL·::,'J'as~;;;:pf6vl.'cied.:·:,and",her"fa:niiy' could., ,,- _ :'.: '.r)":\: ::::<',,\'~,~~:J):'i;;~::,;_:·:j;.:-;: -:.<':'i;,:,,::-,;:\:h:~:~::, .,:f", >'_~:' '

ilfford to fix their, 19S'~r;':'s'tatio'n~.:',i'l'ag6h":':or,<ouiCa 'hiare reliable car.,<,:'_~'..-.:)~.;j- /-,<~-:))S;iif,~~~:t.::/}_,,':' /~:,:?:;;~;,;,~,~ '; ,,~/!,'::, ''': , .

These 'built in ,'pemaltiies~~:,:,r'ender,/the'''California1\FOC benc-, , , :' , ," ~;",,~',':';,':',~::-''-~:::':>',':J~/;'~\~i~~;f~if::~:'::\]{i:~:;:<;;:,;:,:'~l'-{'.) ,;:<i'~\;;:,;,:,;::".-._:',:";' " • ~ ,

fit.s schedules unconstituti'6rfa-i-,~r;~:/4\':;'::s't'a~b~',::rnay, ',:not -- class~ry welfare

: recipients "in,' a ~anri'er-:}~A;:~;~:f:"~:~:~f~~~f;i~t:~\f~~~h:~:~ ,~:~i~'~'6i~e-' 'of basic ri'gh ts',' :" ',:,;:?,:!.ii,·':' :;:"(\:,;::',!J:~~\t:,;'j;;L-;~'::,<,'::::,;-:,,'i'1;''-',,;~:, ;"~''':'''':',:,

unless there is a cbmp'ellingj/~re'ason,\,for ',iCioing:' sc)". Sh.:-ioiro v.),", :,/:::;:':- ,:0:,::,: ",)\"i:'~~--:,Jj~'.':\;~:'::::":;:,::i;:I::T,':,:i;';,: ':";;:,:,;<:~':','::'" ",', :,

Thompson, 22 L.Ed2d 600,:613'"li15Ii"161.7,j619, (,1969) Sherbert v.Verner, 374' 'U'-8. 39 '8 /:':1::6:~~<-;,'~I~~M;~:~~%i::~',~tr~ci1~J:i;1;";~;h:~'~: -' go':, ~uch' ':bo;n;e I-

. ,;, ,,::;'__ ',: >.. "~::!:~::,\,;:~/->:,:,;:>}:~;'C:'::,>,,,\,:,:,~t:~':::"d~\;J'"::;:::,::",_,, "ling reason" for payirig':!,:le'ss'::':,-:fO'r;-jAFo'C:'::,ichild"rem:",in ~'the'l.r ,o...ln homes

II

12

13

. ,:;,:,";,!:-"-:\"::,,..,:,,,;l;,\,(~:t,i·;~~'~;~<k·,:'::'':l':>';";':":"':';,,:~:>")'<~::::'~,':::"" ;:~ ",': " ", .than for AFDC children''->in~:,fo'st:e'r;!,:JlOniesl~<:!,-:::In,:ifa'ct,/ California

.not' '-even ha:~e a r a:ti6'~~''i;~; f'2~~~~~~~t~6~,},:f~;~,~~::~;;:'i~:d;6::,;,;":~~~:~'~ i fic 'atio~impinges on'.-,:'the fUrid~~A;~'~'l~~':i~;i~~~~t~<:~'b3~~S~'~~;lt': :':~hd-::.'a":'dec'ent

doc!>

theirThe

laws.

money saveilby p~y);~';'> ,,' " ,"- "'. 'k'."'"

:::::t:~s:::::n::i::::h::::~:f~~]:A~"~:~;:::::::::rL::~ 2~n::-614. (Of course there :could;be\n·ci",",economic 'justification in the

::'),':;<:/~, ,:;'~:~X,:\.,,(~;;:;~:\';;~;/:~>i,:~:\::'i,::~) :·;,t',;;" :":5\.-·,;,:'1,',, :'; ,,:'; -:,,' ,':, '. , 'case of Plaintiff Ramos)'O'n':",i'!ios'e',Jjeni-cif,,::'tl1e"::-','s't'a'te',',-is' ,vli11ing to

,'" ,', .. , , :' " ,,,,:::'~;:i~;, ,>'~:i{;;')~~:\;~\h;\cc:';'~~':."~·:':/;f;:",'~~Aj!; ~,»:;,~;;>,,> ::: '::>~': ::::, '-", " '" ",,',-pay the higher sum.) ", r'f;<Ca"i'i:f:o;t"lt;t~t~,h'as;::::bn'iy;':j,:h:, .'limifdd ' amoun t of

.- " ;,j" ",:,:~,~,r,~;t:;;::;:',:;:i:"~~\':':':f~"iJ~f<:':iA!r,i :<;,:;';:·:'t":::,t)i,:,i:if,~:,::";" "", 'AFDC funds,'- it must ,di'strib\"r:te~ithos;e>-fu-nd's"';;;in'a 'manner' that does

not dis cr'i~'l~a ~'e' :bg'~;~:~~:!_~~6'~~~~~'~~:~1~f~t~,l'~~ati; ,~~'~it led ", to t~em.The present scheme -"~~ri~~~\~";;:~l~?~Wf:Q~i:~\~~,:~~~:?~~i~~~i";;~'6'~ection of the

',.;::. - . ":''':~>{':'i '',:..,+:,' ':::-:..,.:__~",:,,;,o'" :,,::;~, ':'.,"", ;: ::'::::"" H!~i;{~~~<:;:

B. ,The regul'kti'8nfi':<'are{piri;6'o'n~:~i:f~~:h'halbecause ·,they, , .. ',:, ",,--::>; <,:-::,~',"P::;'\::;~~L\l~"(::;::"«'::i'''<\ ,:.>!,'>,);::,,:,:,)::::.::,i' :' ,", , ,

classify welfare';,:rc'Cip±en,ts::',;,on:'a'~)jasis;othe'r, than the'0::""" ":':: ",<.>;r'~:!1::0: :_':'(' :1":' ,"; '''. r';'''\'':~'-

need ,of/the ,pe'r's'oris; ;',i'n~tth'e'>61as's;:·:,~'.ii:th> no.:,compelling

::::;::,:O:~;:~;:;~;f~Xi'I:;..~~:o""'0;' ,.,greater IIFOC benefitsforch'fl'df~n ikfos'~er ho'ri\es than forchildren in their n~t\lralli:;;~~~:;;e~e£if';;t~~'heatcrbana:i ts

'''-! } :,:<;,,::;~,: ,':: :,' ~~~i'; ~~: ::',\~j.'.~)~:~,:~~:,~,~;~,:,q;),/,:>,,:~~::>:;tT/::';::::/l~ ':i;r::::'!, "".i:',,',i',;:::' ":, ":to foster home children: di' ""'t,;·"p~nal1ze, "the 'exercise of the

,!,:"\::':','i, '",,

education.

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c', ~'"

libert'i'~s",:"'fi~:~J~:a'~i~:'~:{~nhotJbe e'x6rciscd

t11e;~ib:t~'~~'J5~~J%~~~~:~I{~~ikrri~'1~':~'~i~\:".~'e'~:iiila~and

and

cit in thos'e;\,i;pli1~:~'d~'M:.:~Cte<b~'~:~·ri£ri':::b-~sit:

. ''- ',' .:' '", ,",.;, ":":;;';:' :'!~f:-};/'-:;':',,,,,:,,:: ';i:~)." <-;::J :>~: ~,~,;.:':./, ';,""

concepts' of;"hi.uaan'itj7'::')3:nd,!i de-cel':i-cy:~: One" of'i:i~" ".' ...,:;,' , .. I' ",

tl'lese, vo'ide-'d~:.'~§: !,h:::':,:~~:ikf:::::'ih·i·:'i~ce:rit:;years ',b'y

. ". ''->:-,'':''::'' ;,:', .~'.',::,~~,%W~:--:':·.,,:,,:'> :1':\, " ..: :::",.1;, .. ,', ... '.',most rcspons ible:,~igovetnmerit:ali__;,lc'ader,({,

,':,. ':: ':::' "':::,~.>: ;;j,~::::~,,~:;:.~\!!~:)~1f~:~i!'~"~:>':: :~", ,'.;, ',C' ":,.". ,'.": C", , ' , " ',"" ,',\ ,', '.'

both federal-;:,'and'::OfEa.te:;':'.:.is",/the',,::desire to".: ",:; :' ,""':,; "I.r':'--":::::'}'",:,!:;./~;f. "i',:,,:.-,c,'!;'.:-'i.-'. ,:;,:·,t:;~"" "" ':,":';,'., ,:':, ,

. insure that':.. indi·g'ent:",.":'':tlnerriJ?loy·ablEi'__'citiz~ms

'1ill at leas~ h~ff~~;~,ba;'~mi~i~umsre­

quired for" e~istence'j'.:\'/ithouit ',which, our

. liVe" '.' ~',<rJjg t:t'

RCC0iPt~(\1~~~:~\~,:!::h~n~ ~~~:~,;: ~\:i'l1~t at, the' present··::-tirl,e::<cdrri;~i'1:i:t:ut·e:i~'the""',,e:~6rt:ise'-of

'.., , ' ',;', '·,~:".':/-;":;i::i"'" :~\:;'i:".i!;{~.!ft~i!t,;,,~,:t,i, :i" ,<")1.,,, ,."j;·:\;L:::~:·,; :" " .'a constit\l ti:bl1a]',/ritrh,t~.i.F(·~,'B\1't£!:>:a'rl\C5ri'9'''our''

" ,'I' .. :.',;,::,·:.:,::i,:::";;<:'·;'."~\\>~:\;1:;;:::I,::\,. ;',:' ....;::.ConstitutiOh, I:S, ',dj~pre's's'ea \~t{ib'oh·6~)::,;.,a:s":'Jch'e

,. ,"I,;:!. ;';.C' \i :,):.\~;<;{;:;:V";,·,,, ..,--~,: .",--",. '" '.:d,':', .:~:':;'J.:;,h:, ',; '. '~" ,,';' ,desire :'to II insu.rE(':;,doTl\c':3t:i'c;,~tranquili-t':l'

and II pr~m~':;;~;y':~f{~,>~&t{~:f~~~'i;~1~ii~"t'~i{"-; I;)\PIi-, ' .., :,:

ri~iht. to

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live \'1ith",parents

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r:'.').n X9" :;:,"ahd:"\Ul'ief.1t:>: oia-ole

blind' and. ~~1al~~~~'~':;~:'~~\~~~~~,f~~J~i:~'/r~Cial:\: ~spect·'-'o~',~'irf.~: e;l'itY:F:t:~1an-",!;;·tjie .~ii'glit· to:'::;·,,: .

opera~e a, .b~~,i~"'Y";i;;,::"~i~~l~; ~~'~;te>' e~t~act , ,gas from sub'soi.x!:'~'}'!i~':,~ki":J)e'li,~ve"'·;tha€,''i.,r'it:1.:,' the'

'. :--: 'S t clCe'~:~ s ;~) tn~:~;i(~;;:±!k:-(~~~)~'£':t8~{~~i{~1{t~Af';;a'i:~~~~t,. the equ'~'J< ~~~'~f&';'6~~~~N~;-f2A~:~iJ\!~'b::'b:~:,::_?~'i19i'tOd-

should bei~';ic~~:{;~~}i:.tl:h<~~e~~ u~on ..review of coffirne'rciealJ;:i.:le-gi'sl'atlonc::,and ,~,16r'e-

nearly apl?tr6xi~'\~" ,1:\~~~l~:~~;,~o:l~"S ,:affecting-, :functamen'£'al'./:dons'tft\it'fontil );i'gi~t-s.,

.',' :.', ',,> n~::'.!,:':n;~:,' '-'\~, '__;:",:::::;L,)'i',>'(,:';:i~i1::c~~"~>,:Poverty' i'ft,:: 'a", b'itter·\eriou:gh:::·b£~~\-:{"~:·~ ';~'-it:.: ~'h6uicf :;~

, \- ,' ..~-. __,;-.,.:'.!" 'c',}.,.:,: ~ ':',' ,-,'"

not be n~a:d'~"/'~~~'ri~fi&C~:~~'; paf~'fat/i'h~S;;y the ,"',addio:.-• ' "': '..; ,,', ':~" ''-'-~' ';::;r,~ ,1;;,:",_ ,-".' ,",: ,:",,,;:',:\,, ',:r, ;-'~',?-), ,:, ,~:' ";t.. ::::,:,: ,,: ;,-::'

t~on of unJust~,fJ.'able·',"l:neqU'al~:~J./es'6r::,:dJ.s~

'criminati'bif~:;i:";~-"±~f~:~[{~:~~~;:d~:t!::M~~~~i~~'~'g~i:tenthat' .'in· mo's;~':/6~~~:':: /B'i~"ci';;:i~~'if~it~'c~'-:,,:'repi:e'~

sents -the' ":i-K~-t':\ ¥~~~~~~:~'~6'~"';.:6¥>,~i1'e5~i~:,:,~:~r:~f"t'. " ':--

. ,', :" ~ ;~.', :'!;';~,;,:,/,:.- ,,:;,:;;;::',:~fi,~Z;';~(:;C::';)'::l-Y,;:/,~:';'i:" '-,'-:>i;-"';;:':r-Ji:" "',':', ,., ;,", ,'<"of any" alternatJ.;ve{;R~/:,EqU:LtY:";:~,.:'A~:,!:;;."__:,:,'should

least o'f',::~){i'i\: t5~:,'Mi:~k~'~'~'~':<~e.i.",~"6:6r'!~:,':il,:,,:""'J .

" .. , ';~,::.:'--~,,;;.:.-::' r~l~)~j:/j':t:V:~''-'Y;i''f''': ·i,:~r::;:,:i/:j::':'i·,::>" ~ "';:<""', ., .Rothstein',:,y;~;~, ",.-,~11a~;~~~I~,S:,:~~~__;.,~\.,:,,>.;:~,6:<f~:>C~:;',.~, 2763;' -~ <.;

8~4/69)SliPO~f~~~~!~t,X6'~ls,{(~~'r~e judge court)Z\S explained: iir,".-III',cJ\:i{:,\the,' st'ate':':h-as':,neither.-a cOiltpullinlJ

interes t', no'r e'ven, ,s.' ,r~ti:b:h~~~1;:,~'15~&~·f~Y:;::i6·~~i~:,~1£~:,giiiJih~·~ing ''in 'favor"'"i"(:): ,;)i)t~~~·::~~:;~;:.~t!i,~:~:>~i','; :'~:::'-;::::':',:D';/:.'''';,rt"'';~;';d-i'·:",,,:'':.-'·: - ':' ":', '. ", '."

of AFDC children ,:in fos.ter:::homes',';',anC:l,:~a9"alJ"lst:AFDC ,cnildren who- i"~~!'::::V~?,;:,:',,);;;:~:'-'S;':~"~~':' 'i'::' "-:,,:,_,,~,: :"

.-EqU'i~~:~"is::,;,not:'"achieved by,y)~",~,? ~:,;;',..:d;', ,,: -

,$105 to achieve a '''''~{of ;e:'it;;'ii{,}i'~'-':'~'fo'star "hb;~,lCS and

less than half that. nl~ouA{"f~i'i~~I;i~;;~,~::f,;i~imu~ ctandard 0:: care. , -,. ,,c,;:: ,;::: ~,~:~:" ,,~,I!(:Ii.-r\\\,:vi1,1~!<~-<'>i.',.'/i:<;-<: ':'}"~::"';":~__'~;:" ", '",; .

in parents I and ralat'iv-a~lo{I,:;,:;,H6t1~'ki,;::\.'C-dris:~~t.~ntlY",t~c"'AFnc, ,: ,-,.:,::",.);,'}\'; :~:~f::;:'W':':I~!-r;:~,~; ..:i,,':t,5?!~'r:i:L'::':,:::,:":;";~,:~~'~,~::,'/,:,:, :',; ,.:: ' ,',0': ' • ,<::'; •

benefi t s'chedules I -cl:ass"i;fitr~1£i6ri'S}Ydqn:y~:~,i)t:fLintiffs the equal,,:,1' ~~:::';li:r!;:::,';":;~,: ~ 0: "i,'-;,' l/"i .,,',', /;,,' ,:." :--: •

:':·:;:':;\:i-'!W~;:!,~

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IV.' PLAINTIFFS \~i:r:LtiE"£ii'~iri~'d[JE, ,," ,:<·,:,'r,!!::~}L:_,,'~~i :!':,:'.: >,:: l::::.,'. ':~ :1;-:. :.::,:,\;:';;, ,I" .._.

LAW IF THE STl\TE, 'IS '..ALLOl'1'2D,. TO'·.PUT pr,AWTIFF

RAMOS IN A '-·~O~;;r:~!k:':.;:ilg;:ili:;:::"~6i1:4;tikh-'''d~us'ZD BY':-',0 _'.- •

, .":: -:' ,~:,;:"::;_:;:'.'!::,,;,;i<~2<,>,:,:,,<;;,,-:·\::'},f!)"',::.<\,::::D;,;::',-,,;',:, ,,< . ,'"'rHE STATE' S UNCONSTITUTIONALL~( DISCRIND!l\TORY

. _,', ' ';:_r,'\-:!::>:t~":~:ii,:>_,: 'i': :,,: ;;::""?:':~'

AFDC BENEFIT S?~~~U~~~S:.,:';'/';;;;\ '.

Many of Kathy' RaJnos.,:,,:,,:"ab'seiice-s frorll::t~um.-ner school occurred.:/<:<': >::"·>;'~::;::}t<~//,::'-',"\"::;;';,:'i);;-';'l";,:,~~>;;<'_:::>';:?,,;:~,: ,:,, _, " ,'_ _ !:

because she had .no trailspor'tatlon:~,'-"'<'N6DSu:s',':"s'ervice ','was available,, -;:,i__,~:'::,,:,i:"':" ,c.';:':;"/,':,: ~';:;t;Y?J': ::,::.~;j;~;,-~'~~:;·;:U!:':t" ",,;»i~,~,:::';, ;~:;,':'" ': ':'~'; ;:', ,': ,,:',:':__ :,.- ,',

and the family I s '·car.' ··:freqti13'ntly>·bt:oke'-,,;:d6wn;~';.i;.-':·?l'airitiffs, c'ould, "i'>"} ,;::,-:;~ "",<,;·:,/,:";),;;::;:~r<,-.:'::~ ::~'<h;:~;;';":';:;~iiE~~;(:,:,>:: :):',':t: I

A

not remedy this situation,/',::'ho,~ev'e'i",':b'ecause';~'they ~lere'::too poor:;,-'( '":,;:,,, :<.:, :'!i('::/:::~h;»;;>-':':::',:', :::':'::" (J.>';":;;~'"::::"t;:}\{,\:~",, ',: ' ~:

to make frequent repairs:: ,t'(:>';:'",ithltiir,,'; "car{' ;~:j'or~::)to'-:',btiy a:., n'cw, ,one. All

Kathy I s poverty c~us~~l;i~i~~e~~~!~~'!t~t~<:~~~~~~:~:~;~i~s;k::::,-~'~n'si~i~r'cdtruancies; arid they' -a:re:,,:_':tJ~~FrEija~bn,~t?-~~!K~;Ji-,:it;:f\;b' b~ :}i;:'~(~n':'/from bcr

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;::'~;;~!:{~~;~~:~~'~L~ti.}tl#::;i~,.~.~'~::._j

occasion.'. :' .. ,~:.'~, .L-.-: .;<\~ ':-;:~';;;i4,; '::':,<.~~(', ;j',\)

. ".'~.'(-'{::::;d~ C'!' ",,'y 'f: ;::,:,,;y"",', ,/.., . ,~':~:;:.,., , "

" \;:'\~';i.'" ;"'," '. '>~""

In addition, absence::from,sc!'i601.n;aY be caused by many';' " ' . .~ ,.-,

factors I and the finding of' ~~:,;: pa'~ti6';:i~~'r'F;l~on.as invalid

does not guide the child o~.hi~ ,:p~f~~f:~f;:~~~~dia'nin~sscssingthe validity of a differe~~ r;;~scin on ~~~h~eque~t occasion.

A fin<:1ing is not made pursu~{~:'i;o anyaCl~Iiiistrativa' jUdici~l":..::.'..<} ':.::.',:.,: ',} y:?;~:~~:;)::r1~(,!",':!::~;ii~>;':;::;;~:~;~:!(;.:;,;,~:'fi;~i.;'f.~';:i',,"':'?:;':';"',""'~<.'.'-":,:, :"~". :,..:,(: " , •

or quasi-judicial proc'eeding i,;;o1J:ti,:ratllar:fs';aIiad hoc, sUbjectiva.''''i' ,-".,I:i'::;;;:;--T\":,;,:':Y;;~' ,t.;':jl,:' ,'".'

«~, ..:' ,;~;: -;'::I{/~f"\:;j;:~\::.~:~:" .V. CALIFOR.,<IA EDUCAT±Ol/:;:~ODE: §§ :12401, -

_, /,;'r._,}~'.._':j/: .'i'~~:" .. ", ,oj::,." ?f{(,.~.~.if::P~ _

Ai'lD CALIFO~II~, ~1;~~1~:~,~:,~~,S~:~t:~~~?~~" : '

CODE § 501 VIOLATE',THE ,DUE PROCEll'S CLAUSE

OF THE FOURTEENTH :fu~~6;.JE~~:i:',:H"}"C, ', '/;::;}'i;i;;';: '-"'.'.'_ _ ,':', ., :,,' .. ;,' ,J ."'.i· '" . ~,:.i_:;",:_~:' ~.. ,:" ;",

• ;':': ':~ .. ', ~':: :;::/';:'): :<';:'::..c,:;-:'i ::::'/-';';:, ,,-:,-,.1'.",- -),,>,!.:',~I!~': -- - ;- '.A. The' defini tio~};O'f;!:.'.I_I,truartcY,:~,:}::as:'be'il'l<J' .-ahs'C'nt

:::,:.~' ~t~f!~~~:~~!~::::;;;::-tion as to afford·..no'::n:O'ti!·CG'.... to:'..:.,tlie:,·;donimon -school

chiId or his p'a:i~nt~J:':·~f',~~'~:~~\d'If,~tii)i,I.:l;f';;ri~he'~:S;'~h,'. ab s eiid~ '.wi11 'be elass if1e'd':.:i~,~::,;A~~~: ~~:ff~:'iB?'~:~d\~s'k~~, and' , th e

,,',.-',,, .. :'. ::,),:,:·::,.)::)::!~'~C;:f: ":" .",.:; ),! "~,;--:,',,,:,~,;,;::;:\~,\~,child reported as a,>truant therefor";::'>", ':" ""

-, .."',,--,, ': ''-':".'' i' ",.:~

Under Educatio~ cbde,i;'1'24o'1, ,tr.:i..;;i'iY is 'the status of

being absent fro~ SChOO~ wi;;~~u;ri•. ::v,~~~~;~":~~s~" ,for m6~e t~anthree days or bel.ng more tham,:,·3'O';:ml.nutes/''E·ardy on four, 'days l.n

, .: .. :;,:.,:;~.:.,: ',', ,,:;.!./~:f/\:~i~r:';:::,'':;:;<i',!,;;;::;:; '.':-:;::;rd:,:j))~>~~, ,. :"::J::', '\':':':0"> .:;. ,:'::.; <'.one school year. Nowhere' iIi"tl'fe',Educ"ation'fCbde is ',a definition

, ..-:~,/::; ~,; :·~::;;:;},;r~!,~;::;'i~~~;~:';i/;f:!:it.b:(i !,:\ i:t~!~-,:;·:·~Yf;~;;K;:'i';-':'- ;:.:,ti.;: ':,:' .,;~:;.\,,},: ::: "," .':' ": :':,;, .giveri' for a '''valid excuse i ".>nor::j(aretany;~?Sp:~c-ifi'6'J"examples given

"';,: .' ,.,:- '::<:,:': '.. ;;,~",~':~;~;~,:~~:1:~?~~{~:V"::i':':,:~S~:i~1~};'!!1~):;),'i:;~::i?';'·!:',\ :·t:,~;:i:: ,./~' "',".~: ,: .': ,~.\~:' ;'~,~'of excuses which Wl.l1,',be :consJ.'d~'red,;,;va:1:J.d:;\~;,:~~Thiis";> the cnl.ld," ,-;',"

;' -:,:.'~' (:.:,' ::~;~':"i;,:',:~i~::V:",:::i;--;~:';;,~,"\,,;~~:\':,r'';"':.~[:~~,::;.;,-, ...,". "-":"';':'" ,','; ': ,,:,:,'-or his paremt or guard1'ani:::.:':fs::,.>~:r:itndu,t",j;"6b'j"e:ctfve<,6riteria';:Vii th

which to evaluate thev~lidit~\?~i4{~~~~~;;;fO~'WhiCht~echild is to be kept a~ay f~6n;~'6h~61Y . ;. ." '

C' . "1',,',':: ;;:!; :\;;;:

The eiraluation';/ til~?~~ii~i~i,,,of,tl'le:'~a:so;;f~~a, ;';'" c,', ','.• ,' ,:: ':::';r:\~~,i,[:iJ~:,,~:';:<;i~:::!,.~,,;~\::,:,;;;::\,,;(t{.:;if;~~':~:~h,;j:\,,·":/::,,(:,.' .,.

child's absence on any:'giver(d'ay,;i:an:"orilY".J:iii'made .'after.':the

fact by school authoi:i~ie~,r~f!iI~,;i~~;,:~~,;~~~~rid~"upon the

intent of the' child,' :6:/ that> of""';; 'responsible ,adu'lt,'",ho 'may

have directed the ch{1~·;' ~6::', ,*~~~~r'd·:(~~~~:f;i~ig~~W~:;~h~~'i'~~1~ ::\~'~t

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l determination by the

""'-',,: ';, ~:;

of Columbia, 378 ',U:S.347, "3si (1964).':.:\",i)'<'-"" --

City

,...;,

;':.~\;i;:':~i:.,::> :,

B. Sections '1240i';;;' i2413 of '~ti~e California

.Educati'on cOde"':·:i~po~~~.::'~i~}';:~t,:~~~:':tk~;d~i~8A~r6USsanctions

upon a school 'chirci' ~;~i~h;~:t' i~h~iif ','~'f:&~nbY,: reports...' : .~ /'- ,." " .". '"'.:' 'i! ", ::

are filed without p~civi,a:'ing"the ':chiici with pro-"·,,·:"v,,

cedural guarantees' ne;c~!i~'al:y to' tiiX'protection:'.:;:~':'- :':, ':":'-:;- ,':i::':,~':",;,::~,;~:)~" :.:: ,'::' :", .:-,:<~ ::'-\;:'~,:I/,:,.<~. ,";, ,

of 'the child,' s"r'ight,~"'to:';:'due::~:proces's\':of':,,l-a\'l.-- ,. . ,'~;~~::L'

California Eciucatio'rij;~'C'ode.;:§'<:ii4'02<~':'~rBvidesthat. II any.-' ,,,.,,!,,,,,:,-, -"." ,.,-".'

- " " ''',!, -:I".</'-,,:,',;",":"i.' '.:,-", ';:-";":'>-i"',~, ':. ';r:,;,::~.:':',;i\-.:::·>_~ ,.-" ,.:\. ", • .child who has 'once been ..'rep'o'rted'..'as:,-,,'a'::tru'ant·,.-ancL,~s,· aga~n aosent

,,:;:;,~,.<':,::: ::·'<':;;:::~};;'>::)~>:',:.,;.:c::'~:',h',::, .,'::::;:.:,,::;i::'~;,~~>:,~:;, :'. "\". :'-., ; .from school without valid:"'ex'cti'se:>.:bne:::or', ..mo're:,'days,. or tardy on

"1;''': ' ..,-r" ' ".'

one or ::::f::::: :::~~t:::i'~o:~~~e{::::~l::i:e:r::~:~itual':',:{,,:,j,., .","':':"'~';'" ..-.:>;{i,:,';:: • ~. •

truant as "any child.', '; . ,.libihas been' repohid' a,s.a truant, .'" , .,

proscribed, and such"':a

him on notice that 'h1's :6ont~~~,:{af~~f:·;,~g:ti6"~~~?:·'~'r~,":;'~"t'atut6rily'-;'i . """'.. 'f

statute is prohibited bY\-:,the "_Fifth und

".; , //t::'i:\:'~;'i:l~i!::\,:;:/= ...,,; ~ c :",:"f ":~". ';:j;;:;,~~tV;",~: ;,y., "'\' :

Thus, a child' act~'\ 'a·t:_..the:<p~r~l· "of :~,oeiing:, rCJ?ortcd

from school no matte'i:' ~g~~- ~~,i~~ij:f:~R:r~},:f8'~Q'6h':,;:';b;r<iii'tcint r"aY spc••\

to him or td his ;arent' :o~":(,:,~h~:fa:I~:~~':,;,<':f'f' :,i'~~::In\POSsibte ...ior the:;><:o::,-,:,;:-,:""f:::!1{p.:.;t,:::." .. :.',·:·,L; .·,,,c1':":'"',- ,',' ..

child or his parent or, guarai'.~rfii~~,~'~,,::'~:~:l::':r:~,.n;-,,/:·,~~~a~',~e,,-,\~hethcr an

absence will result inthe";;~~~~i6~,,:~;kE~~c,ition"Code55 12401

12413 in conjunction with l'Ielf,,:re' ,and" Institutions Code 5 601";:",t;':;,' ~'.::+." _~,.,:::{,;'

et., seq. so as to ~"11pose serious "cioli'se'quehce's upon 't;lhat 't'lD.S

believed to be an inno';ent '~~~:f~Th;.,~a~k:'~f,,' a, des cript'ion ;fthe acts proscribed ·by::,'a statute:f"suff~c~€m·t"}:for:"a ;man of common

intelligence to interpret .:--~ri:~ '}lPPi'y"~~h;~ :~'~~1l~~~te~ ·to 'his o...m cir-

Boilie v.

. three or more timeslI. ana ~'J~~'-:/6i~;ljid :\~h'3::i'ii~;~::l,6'~"dci· "b~6'h' doclared

an habitual truant who is :r~;~ ':siicce'~dih;i:~a{re~6rted as a::',:: ""':~~;,'·:~:':;':~\.:i'J . ,. ,

truant from school one or .more days; 'or,.tardY'6il' one or' more

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." :'" ,;,. ,~ :.,,' . . " ,15 Fourteenth Amendments. ·to ,th~';;'::;C'ortst1-tt,(t{b~\::"of' tl-i:~""u{l:i't~d: States.

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or

truant'.

charge

either

child, if 'not an hab'i'~~~\' :f-f~~~:~' ,~~'~' {6?j~fgi,}a~'i~f"~~:rk;d'-;\i~;:;'t.o

the parent,' gua'rd~:,~~::t:8~t\gf~~:f:~::t:~~-~-~'~-:/h'i~f'~'g::~6orid:'Ol

truant. California ;' ",>.:"i:s:4~?!~i'f. '> ",";A truant, whethor habi,tua1' or",not:',',,:i's, sUbject, ;~' arremt

,_,-~:-.",::,,:_ ,',.' ::'::;,?~;:;-,:F-};"~~?~:::;::,;:,-::!:;> ,~:;~~\'~::';i ;:):ii:_~,:;i:,:', ",-, --/" ,:.... , "~'-'.without warrant. An, attcnean'cc::~:;supervJ,;,so'r)'(;J?eacG',o'ff.:t~b;r; or

school officer may m~~e ~ti,\~n,';~':i:es:t,: :'1{2'~ atru;~t is m·ray

from his home during sChooi'~~~~~a~c1/1;~s",;~~en/reported to the

arresting officer' by' th'e "chtld/,s~'~t'ci'ache:t::-,'J;-th(;f, snpeiintanden't

of ,schools, or anothet ,·p~~'~:d~::::-~g8:rih·~gt,~~,;!·~j2;~~'",tl~b >s~i~'b6':C: .:"California Education Co'de '§ \:Jj~r4;b-5;' _:-'\JJ~h~ ~';~~;6h-'::~~:' 'arres'f';:':' the

~:' ; ..,:. J ,-, •

juvenile court 'of thh":/c~tiilt:l/:~t~\±~iiio'tKt~;,:)idubat:Lori','c8'dc~t"'§ 124 0 S,,~.'. ,",",' ,~::,(.,.;,,; ":::<":":;;:",1F;\;-:".'~·"",(": <:;~':,',,:,':'. ?':~;'~:.,-,:,; "" ,'.",':'" '"'' ' c' ,,'''',

The JuvenJ.le court maY::,:;,",:"aft:e,:~:\,,::':aII:h:,~~r,~,~~:f:~,:e,r,e~~:/::,"r~nder",Jutlg-

ment that the child, silanbci::i.;~ai~~d'(~~d~~~n~'~inei:lin. -"J'. !"

school during the re~'~'i~:d~;ii::','b'¥::tffi'~:::;::~·cih'6'gf;~:t~:&~>:,,·out' -6:£; ii1C

custody I an'ci' '. ~~mpany,::''':6:i''~:;\~~:~r:I~§~~d~~:~~~;;~hi~ri~:i£;~$a're~t ?~:~d,'" i1.iily .','~'..~,: -v':~'·' -.:,<: ::u>,~ :-:{"~"

California Education Code'S "124'09'::', ",' ':",', ;,'."

Dcoignation' 0'£ :~~a,:.':6h!f,t~;~!,::;&~?:,~ah ji;~B:'f,ti~i~ frti:~n t,' 'p·u'r'~·UD.l1 t

to g 12401, andg 12403; Of~{~~u~a~~,o~~.Od~ ~~so p~acem the

child in that class of persons .:over "lu.ch).the' )uven;l.e c,?urt", 'i,'-: ::/'ji', ::';-;;:::;f-:,~;,,;::,>,'::,:,,:,:;~.l/:'i:E;,:':"!::<-"',::{--::;::\:)i!';:-):';~"":', ' '"", _ " .

can assume jurisC1iction->undet_;;-:::Cali:forn'ia-':'}~lel.:f:arc'.and Institutions

Code g 601, and maym~;<eth:;:G~:~~d~i;~~rd:;~~~ec~urt. As a

'lard of tile court tile ;'child .;;" :"ubj~"ct,"to:::the 'orders of the

court and its office'r~,'~":V)11'i':~ifl~~~~:"r.ih~'rli~:e'·:Y~8'irc'~ins'ciriPt"i6nsupon'" "" ',' ",,<, ,: "

the c41ild f s freedom of' assoc'i~l~;~--'Li~~' m~';~ment as '~,::'t~"~~,s·of

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theAt no point in,

9

12

, " ": .' c'·',." .'o ..:{· '. ," ~, ,.': I;,;.. ':"':-" ';'t',.. ,'.' .:" ",,', ;',' ! '

ornia Youth F.uthority (Cal£'f.':~lel.":~:'tHst~":'Code'§,,731). ',; 'A child,': ..' :- ,,.: :,"::"::)~f,'~',>" ~'l;; ;"/' ~;",:::~:' \:lt~.~;.,:;;~'" <'.' <:, .:,~'!; .<i' ::::~. ,~.

10 !who is declared" an hab.ltual':,.trua'nt~'!:,or:j!even",~·an.;occa's.lonaltruant... ·

11 11 is thus exposed to the;·,'s~m~~:.~1k~'t~~'~:~+1~~i~~~ihi6ri:~:",'~'~d

1 probtl.ticn. 'ernporar'i . ',', "~",....' ... ,._"",,·,i:·,,,';/"::~,(/i.;~'\I;· ..,.:'.", ,....

2 ill·lel. nnd Inst; Code 5§. 'G25}';635}',:or",de·eainedJ:i,ri.":,,j·uvcnflel',hall

: ~I! ::,::,~~:":::;~".:::~;~i';;~;1~~;~:=~::;:~",~,.·5 who may board the' chi'1d:-"ou:t·:L·"t'6·::~s6ine·"ls·uitaDl"e?:'farilily~·,honi'c or

I ",:::. '''!'''i'-",',':~hf''':;">',_,,,~: "'"I.i',':'.::,;".· :"", ,,,:'61 suitable private i~s'tit~t~~n:~,:""[c~'ii:t)'~~4~i3< &~:iin~:t~:' Code, 5 '727) ,

7 . committed to a cou1

rity jUV~'~X~'~:L/i~~m~">:!:I~~~~~'~1:~?g1'~;'!'~,:.·cJ; "~~;~:stry, - " .,1.

. , . ,,' " ';":,,;: ""l':,:':' ': ,,' j'_'.: !:":;i'" ;>:,.(, ,."," ',,",,'. <,'

8 camp (Cali£~ \-lel. & Inst. Code·;~'§':~~7"30,).,,;s~or"-':'c'Oriunitted'to·,'the

as a youth brought b~f6~~' 'ci'~ :::Jri~~~'~;1-k;{:~~:~~1~:~~~6'~',acts, ' .' : . " .~~.

13 1·10reover I a truant,' s' ':-p!~~e~ts,!':·may be subjected sub-

141 stantial financial liability ~~~d~ Edlic~~ig~' C~de §§ 12410 -

15 ,f 12413, and 12452 - 12454.,Ii

161117 !I child or his parent or, gUardi~h;'';fl:o;de~::~;;:ad~qUate opportuni.ty

1811 to challenge the vera:citYOf~h~i:eports~~:th~Child,'s allcgecl

19 Ii truancy, to rebut the' 'automatl<i:presumption··::'of ,'habitual

20 tl!based upon ~uch report's; ·o·';:'-i:ci:,::·:~~ri~'~'~'~:.r~~~t~~i'.':'th~'"child has1 '

21 'Ii a valid ", " "

,~2 ,i To be sure, the stat'e'::of>Calif6rrila~:',has,a :lclgit'imate,,' Ii, ," "',i.'.r:;,, ',c", ','\(;; ""; ':;,:, ',,,,,,, " ,:"'23 " interest in assuring that children' 'avail "th'emselves of, their

~411 right to. a~ education ,and: i:~f~i~.ter~~,~Aj"~~C11'th~ti~rnay25 :: take pos.ltl.ve steps to correct',\:tendenc.les,; ,toward; .1.'rregular

26111 attendance. But the stat~' ~~i~f'~r~st wiii'hotb~defe~ted27 by affording due pro~e~~- ~~:d·.:'f:~:i'~ine~s,,::~'~·d:'~~';' proce~dings. '1'0

28 ) subject a child to d~~i'g~'~i:rci'~::~t~~~L~'a~ '.lh~b~~:i,1i' tr~a~'ii ~~':his'29 !5ch'ool record, SUbjeC~ :t'~>::~~i'~~~~'( "", "

I '30 I of the

31 I' solely

32 i without any right or

I ' ",'" '"

II

"",.', ~~

; ,

':'".. ,.... -o,,~i~,.-:~~

to.the

no"'pro-

..~.' , , '.-

"',:":',',hiiisclf

,:"""" .. ,,:,,\.,.'

against reports. of aii~'~~'ci'::l'J&~~~!~;f~~:'f;~§k':::~~b'd'~8'a'i~i6 f'~'il~ to.':,;"

designnte any authority which'm~y,m~!<e'a determination of whetl.ar.' ,', '; "',, ; :--~ ;:,:f~:"':" ';" ":'-;:"\' -,;i ,,"" . :, ,

an offered excuse is'· '~~'iid': ()FiV~'hc&h:'<a~ 'r~p'6~:t:',;:"of.::truhhcY:-"'is to be- . ': "",: ::.','::'"~"",, ,::;I( ':"'·:~'I,""' __('· f ;' "";;",,:,:,,,r,.. ~:,,",

',' .::c --'.' . . -,", :';:':':'9~;~.~':c'::';'- :',,':; .'\':.i!'-i.;. -:._;',,; j-tl"

~:::';)/:', :\:~;::>

'j','J-

process clause of tiie ':Pi'ftli:':,' aha>'Four·te,ent.h·{rimendIDents'"

\'lhich imposes

that the defendant ~'las ,_'~p'i~F::':;~;ci~'f~'§'ci'rit·~d',:~"~~?i"~8~ris'~:1:'·'::kd':"\./as,

due proCess' of law '~6Ui~\ h~~/,~bcu(iie'd';:>'~~'~;'~~~"':';,:a;;ii'catfon o:f

the habitual criminal statut~'-:~6:~~ld not lf~~~;:i:'-b'ee'ri;·>s'us'tained.

'~

Consti tution of the ·'united ,'s:t:;ab~::s~'~<::""

sufficient notice'a

concurred.

plained .on

::ii:: :<L';;;

,.,itnesscs or' facts -in -l~-fk' };~~'h-hi'f:~j--i;~'~::~'ncHr::f:he,very' 6:~sb'~6:b cf

represen ted by counsel.: anci":-'~~,::Lilit:&~';:'-'h~~:i'>:b~'~~~'iin~bl~:"effe6ti~cly.to challenge the _alle~~:~ -;f'i6:~::"~8~R~{:6'~i;b~:~::;:~::' ~~.' cilei';:, cie'ni~l of

".-'," .

afforded th:e opportul1J.ty.:' th<:;;~f~'fiY.:~~.'ttie'::.~-':'f~i::t{gi,,:',;~~ht{d'i'i:Y_ "'o'l~ the.. -." .. ,,--'

. prior convi~tions, ana."'h6, t"ciJ~~;:\~"i(id.ili~oriii\::£i%k;:>to,-:'prepare; a

defense to the cha'rged, pri6'r,,::~_:g:d~~'£c~l~ns,,-'~:/t,-~,.~jii~:~,G.~;i!~il~·

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be

the oon-~lhbra t:'o

;:>ubst.i tu to

(.1965), t:,C

poor

A.

}'.. :./.'I,

.. TO REDRESS "'CLA:aIS';, ':-O~";,,~",VI,'OLI~T:CO~TS:~::))'F>rHit. F6URTBt~N'l'rr

~GNDi1Zl~T ,-BV':"S TA~~:::'::o'FF±:CI'AL~():':~:f~~N ':rA;ori"G'ri'.-' s;~'~r.rE

,"';In no event can d.\:.rt.'eri.l:ih'at{dns,-:6'f,,:.!,tl~'c- 'status o'f

truant t with. th'e ·'a{~h~id~~'t·'~~t;i~i:",';~~d dctrir,lcrit, b.::l

Since the consequ~'~6:~:~::".-~'i,,'£~~~:~"::\d~~:isionse.nd _.r~ports" ",,_, ;,!-;::.i:;::;:.:3'-"J'.?",..;,:.':\',;:;,:'-.f'::,-::' :",-;.~::/,:.':,;:', ;' __, ',', '

include the impairment',~,6r"::-los''S-;,·of~,:,''substarltial_:-ri<:.rht.s

Ili. 'Dombro~·,s;<i v'.

State a~pel1nte process

United States Supreme'C(lurt'\l:6bc;grilze;d~"thilt;~1

stitutional rights

the defendant will

however

habitual

'C;:CUS~'I

:.:-, ,__~:, : ' ',:' ,:.:= i:.:.,:,,: ';."::,>",:: ''-' ...' ': '.' " _'_:, , _' i:, _ .-a11d iibcrties, the GaUli::'-.iri;alld;~~~~:':':::_o:f::;·Xti::~_.i~~~:~~i·'nl~niinuli:,'ciuc';.. proccs's .

in the' fact'. finding a~d ".'d~'6Y'~·':~~bh';;.i: piolbd~t\:'rHioula'..c6htr·6'i·'~ ~.

Under Gault, ~; su~h'~'''~i~.:':~~iAifuilll~';~j'6~;lk,;,iK~tii'd~'<It.:l'e~~t· th~

right to confront~tidn"i-::;·.;~'o~~rii:~\t:~~·:/h~t:{£i.b·a1id~''bf the abscncc~

Cll<lrged t notice of \"hy:;'~n' ~hs:diltk" .~.lh~-:-rd6n~1;~~red to'-, 'be \·Tithout

valid ell:CUSe, and 'the"'-opp~i,~uht:ty,- to" ..:~rcisdri;;:';.;i~ne~'S'es "'il1 j~it:i-'

gation.

,"

unbridled and unreviclll~:lc di:~'~'r'~t'i:6h.:_,~~f_>tli~,:·:,'in&ividu.::tl's",':,in

t~c schools'- "'ho feel. autl1c)}::i'i·~d<'-t'o..·irA~'k~;-,:':sri~1i, 'c1ct~~11~na'~f'~j(s

''-''-.,' -'., ,"'-:',; ."''-''::)\:''':'-<'''',: _... \.';:;.1"",'-"., ".-';"c" ... ':: '. ,'. ':':.,,'illade.' In sumnlary, arbitiary,i:e:-:ercise,.~,of<un'gui'dedCi.iscrction

survive a due" process .__,oh~ii~.~i~'{;·::',,:~~~;~)::~.I:;~iB'~if~I6d' d'fscret1-6n t

report~.

may 'tvell

..

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2

3

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5 I;:

6 t

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:,~,_, ',"- r-'~'

against'

. ",",'.

. '

The"-pros~ cuti~n::~:":'~f :,};ii '::'~~~~·:'1i;;,:c,:b:~·~:~::'~~~~~f:·'::~~ W~~:fa r~~':;'}-.~nd

Ins'ti tutibhs :Code, §', 8' OO::'~\~1'6~iJ':~~::k~"i,::, B~i,"~,~:~~'i"hi;~~nti~':;::~'ff~~6'tivc

to protect Kathleen' Ra:in~s" rig~:fs't;"d'ci~r;6ccss',;;n~~o:~e' in'

the custody and compa~y of he/'fm..ilY,'. 'ntiril1.9'· th,eperidc;"cy, ..

the damage ..-this sUi't s:~'~k~:';?t:ti:,J~i'd~~'h~:;::.::,~~~:;;,j~'he':cdrts"cqtien6es of

the delay during appeai \1Hf:iir~p~~~blY;{:rfuthe, Plaintiffs.

Kathleen Kamos are a{10wed":"-'~'6::\;fh'~~'~d";".'ft'· :.:1,;': highly- 'likely

that' Kathleen Ramos '\.,i ih: :':bJ:':~f'~~~~'~:';,:~rit"' Ci:{ h~~ honlc,' an&':{dcnied'> "'.; ~ -, .. -\~',r

her r;ght to be ';'lith her 'fanii'i'~l~::,a.n(f:n'atura:f' parent ~ .Th~';,::;'object

of the pendi'ng Juvenil'e, 'c6li~'f~ ;:~~'6d~'~'~£~'q':~',:;i'ig!;'to take her 'a~laY

" '.':"

guards agains't' ..ti~'~~:"jj6ss'·,:" of :"~t'6t'~'b,t'~d: ,'frc(~dorr;"

• • • and c a'ri11~t "·~'~;,-:,-;'gjh-~:t'jJ~'-d~:.-;;-!>r~·-;Kci-:,-",u,-:..s,. '--it ::-~ S;~}

approved by an ordEii' 0-(. thd."~j',u~eni-f(f:::--co';lr·~-:~/i-·:.

,If the proceedings 0;' the peti.tion:filed

We conc1udco'

court proceedings. In' such

proper for a federal 'cou'rt" to

:': ':>:- :":",< .- '_ ,i,';'::':. ;,>, _.:,:,>.-,>.,>i::,'" - .,"the complafnt'; i'j:" trUG,,\.ilistgntion,,:.and the

denial of in'j~ncti:V'~--::,::i~u~e'f',' 'hlriy-:-'~~~il ro-0," '-,!~:-~:,':>,,':"__ ,:""_ .,:":I:"-.,.':"':'\\{,',_, :,".

suIt in the denial 6f:;_~any'effect'ive· safe-

held,

.

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"

plaintif'f 0:

,"""',

~nd "\·iere bcins:

of civi-l rights I ···.·."1.',i".1:.£1£

equal rights secured

28 u.s.c,s

B ~ 'i'his being

Plaintiffs CD.~ -;roccc~<l~~,-!,~i:c'dc'r~lc6Grt: to vinc{c~'ta::: -';,,:,.:,:':. - "" .-.:;..... :,,-' ,

their constitutional', rights' :6bn'cerning :I,t:1cir, 'privileges' and

jurisdiction 'of .:o.ny ..,:cd.:vi'i'-- action ~lut:i6rizcd"- .:.~: ,:." !

by laT;v to be co:runenc:"ec!.: 'by'. any 'person:,

(3)" To redress, "the--, 'de'pfi~ati6d: '::~'iia~i ','cotor

of any state law, ~-f~-tuf~":~-·_-or:dind~~'~"; ,'rcgu...;

United States.

"'./:

Forty-rl";lO U ~ S ~c. §, '19:B3' ,'las ·en~'c'tb·(t;:?f6 make, availit'blo

a federal' cii'us'G of action to"':::~Ai':~',B~r's'b~';'de'~,i:~d const1tutiorlally'

guaranteed, ','privileges' a:r~'ci ;~l~~kt~ies',:'bt, ~ri;':!-::i'ndi vidual ,a:'ctin~;

under co1'6;' of stat'e la~i \~iihl"h :;;~e ,~~~~'i'hi~;:;:'-bf" 23 u~'S~c '5' 13.13 (3)In ,b'arnica v. 'cal;Lf,~i'r:J:{~~;::ii3:'8:'9,u. ~ 4:~L~:,'L'"19"67'" 'Plafnti'f£

brought su'i-t under unde:i-" th~>~t'i;'il "'Tfigll'td:':,:;:k:b''i: (28 u. s. c. 3 13.j 3 I

42 U.S~C. § 19(3) SC0ki~g",.'"~ct--~~~~:~"·~~'a '~'c~"i;d~::~tory,and ,'injunctive

rcliof against certain :':?rovi'~:i:8'ns or' t.~'~"'2i'~l'if6rni~ tJe~lf3~c und

In!3ti tutions Code and a' rcgtitat',i'on':--.thctcu'~:der.,~nd.Q,.- t11rce juc.<;c

Federal District Cotir't' >la~>:;g~h0~:ti~d ,", .:pi'~~'~:'f'if£ claimed that. the

proViding for' equal' i':iJiHt's"'!6f.',· ~i'ei'~:'e'~'~, or, o'f

,all persons ~.;rlthin the, :~:iii'1'~:~~6~tiorr'~of the

", ,~ ,

lation I custom or, U:'s,a:g:~i'>:i::'6i "~n'Y":,,"·r:i'~h,t'~,>, priv'::'

ilege or immunity sebu"te"d,/by ,.th'~',::'c6n~"tittitiol'l

statute and 'rc~ul~tion wciie~

administered in,such

. .ir,1r.1Unities us guaran tee'c1 to 'them, und.er :'- thd': ,Fourtcc:1th. Ame'nd-

17lCnt, and as provided 'for by: f~'d'e~al'·statri'~'~:~., " ":',.'.':; i,_".: ' :;

The district courJcs .. sh'alf, have 6i:lginrrl

28

27

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29 I

:: ;1

il.1:52

II'-, ,I,.

17

24

.,

"

Rcgula-'

p.,

""",',.,

'uhc',':'~;!onroc

(1%:3)', the CClux't JCW'C""

, ,:" ,'.392' U.S. ,309

[R]clicf

-:'be clcZe'ated 'b~6ad'~'~ ':';f~tic~' tnis ;h:h;t first:

soUgh·t ·unde·r<~t;at~';~:i;~\~1::.--'tvilidi1:'-pr'dvidcd'rcriicGY

In Kinq ,v. Smi th-,

• ,'," ' ",' . ':~,' 'C·

c~~jlii.ustcdl evcn'::ff: ;;:U1~l,'}s'u-bh:,__:'remedi0sj\1orc aV'lil~le<

_':";". i"

eligihili ty, 'of fa:.itilies :'w'ho'~'e Itt;hs'eii61d's" :Cdl{tZlihe-d"',llsubd,titutc.~'-. . ';-:,

fathers II fo:'r AFDC] '\'lith'out -::r-cil1\.l'ir-in~i..appel'lecs to, e:Xi12\l"st 3t6tc,Li'

adr.1inistrative re;ncdic~~'" ·';"B~r;~f'~~,:':;:~Ad:'.'.r(id'q:',~.:i~e'a(lto' the ':it>:"';cs'capaD1C' conclusion' 'th~:t: "ti':i'~-".':~~oG'r~c';bun ·,;-,ii;k{~':C~b.:i'n t11:~'~;' ·ac~.:ion

- ';'. ~'"

-.J;, '11 " i"

The case '-at bar "~ios~iir:':~~2rtiii~'i~'-"B~ii;ic~':i!l that• '- .: "Ic.';, ,: "I~'"

of t!le California' V1eifa:c~ <iIi'a. ;Iri;ititu-U:6ns"~':Cbd~' ;;nid ".:he

'~:: .' ,'." -: i,: 'that "(a) properly cOl'i;Jened~:::til~'b~

adjudicated 'the 1:1crits<6f--:\.!~"~':'66htrover'sy': :':~Fb'~nc~rniilg ",t~1~'

any State

\'/cra

\'1i Jchout 'rdg~rcl to the, ,.getici'r~'i/~:iin'¢iplt.,'~~ :~,6on;ity."'li-lich' \iould- . ,." ,,', , :,::::::'-',,, ,', .""';', .,:, :':,dictate' that ~,'ti~'i~:";;::8'6i{rit~b~t'ai'ri':.~~til.: stat~:'',' ~~::lo,:ic$

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la't'1s' as gua-rant.eod by tile F'otirt6Eh~-~~',~Afilal~c1il~ent.:to" '.t:'1C tJ1iftcd,S~~ates Constitut"ion an·d-·.:"'C6"l~'fii'g/E:~{th' fe~~~~i lat1 i'ri:;'-vil~)iation

~' 365 U.S. 167

tiOl1S,

. of the supre;;nacy Clausb'~

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110

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1 above, it is

2 should be

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4 Dated; September

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