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DISCUSSION PAPERDISCUSSION PAPERonon
at at
2323rdrd National Conference on Agricultural National Conference on Agricultural Marketing held at CRIDA, HyderabadMarketing held at CRIDA, Hyderabad
from 12from 12th th to 14to 14thth Nov, 2009
INCENTIVES AND INNOVATIVE MODELS FOR PROFITABLE FRUIT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN SEMIARID
TROPICAL REGIONS
Nov, 2009
N.N.ReddyN.N.Reddy
B.G.HiwaleB.G.Hiwale, , V.S.RaoV.S.Rao
V.Ramachandra,M.Pushpalatha,K.KareekullaV.Ramachandra,M.Pushpalatha,K.Kareekulla
Central Research Institute for Dryland AgricultureSantoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059
Why Horticulture crops:India has more to gain from horticulture to feed burgeoning population
• To improve production and value addition of end products
• Horticultural crops cover about 25 % of agricultural exports
• 29.5% agricultural G.D.P
• The corporate sector is interested
• Shift in consumption pattern towards fresh and processed fruits and vegetables
• Diversification and value addition - buzz words in the 21st Century
Strategy:• Thrust to develop and conserve natural resources and human resources by State and Central Govts
India's agri exports will not be impacted by drought during 2009: Agri exports to double in 5
yrs- from 9 billion to $18 billion by 2014-APEDA .
•Agricultural and processed food items increased by 24.43 % to Rs 39,461 crore in 2008-09 from Rs 31,712 crore in 2007-08.
•Export of grapes to Russia & pomegranate to the Middle East
•higher bets on export of dehydrated onions, mango pulp, egg powder and honey.
•‘Farming for export’: for quality food across the globe.
•Safety concern in Europe, Japan and the US –good deal to India.
India produces 230.67mtonnes of food grains from 124.44mha
We produce•43% of world Mangoes
•62% of world Pomegranate
•23% of world Bananas
•24% of world Cashews
•36% of world Green Peas
•10% of world Onions
• Lack of Market linkages for Agri Inputs and Outputs
• Poor reach of credit & extension systems.
• Lack of quality seed delivery system
• No infrastructure for PHM, storage, &value addition
• Tiny land holding :
About 2 ha in India,
22 ha in France,
158 ha in USA,
142 ha in Mexico,
270 ha in Argentina,
2000 ha in Australia.
• Inadequate Irrigation : Over two-third of cultivated area of 143.8 m ha is in drylands, over one-third area in drought-prone areas.
• Under-use of Fertilizers
• Rural Indebtedness
• Suicides of farmers - failure of the extension agencies - spurious
inputs or inadequate guidance.
• Low Institutional credit. Commercial banks are not advancing
sufficient credit.
• Imparting and strengthening training programmes on natural resource conservation, need-based use of external inputs, timeliness and precision in their use.
• Breeder seed production programmes for vegetable crops on conserved moisture.
• To overcome labour shortages, partial mechanization need to be popularized.
Engines of economic growth : quality education, accelerated rates
of technological innovation and application, dissolving physical
and social barriers by cheaper, faster and quality communication.
Developmental parameters : poverty, income distribution,
unemployment rate, expenditure on education and health, share of
agriculture in GDP.
Major challenges for sustainable rural development : efficient
utilization of rural resources, active role of rural institutions, rise in
employment generation especially for low income groups,
eradication of illiteracy, rise in rural skills and knowledge, rural
health and nutrition.
The work ahead
• Technology up-gradation and on-farm testing of modern technologies.
• Expansion of area with horticultural commodities under NWDP.
• Adoption of intensive horticulture.
• Adoption of crop diversification
• Measures for agro-processing at farm level.
• Improvement in infrastructural facilities.
• Proper integration of research, development and quality management.
• Minimum support price (MSP)
Opportunities / favourable factors for fruit and veg production
• Vast requirement of fruits and vegetables in the towns & cities
• Nearness to the local Mandis / Rythu Bazaars
• Accessibility to supply to the needs of corporate fruit and vegetable malls
• Cheap government transport facilities to carry produce to Rythu Bazaars
• Scope to study urban market requirements and grow less common and more profitable crops
• Corporate houses pay a little more premium than in Rythu Bazaars
• Competition exists among corporates for procurement of premium quality
• Corporates are adopting cluster approach with their warehouses, collectionvans in a particular commodity growing areas
• Small consignments of vegetables are exported to middle east and republics of erstwhile USSR
• Scope exist for abundant export promotion
• Out of 328 m ha , < 45 % area is cultivated. Out of this 65 m ha (35 %) gets irrigation. Even after harnessing entire potential, 55 % cannot be irrigated
• The demand for irrigation will outstrip the supply in future.
• With WTO regime , water intensive crops are grown to enhance income from exports.
• Excessive use of canal water aggravated water-logging, soil salinity, soil sodicity etc.
• Ground water is declining due to over-exploitation and inefficient irrigation methods.
• Irrigation alone contributes to 60 % growth in agricultural productivity.
• India has 69 m ha metres of surface and 43.2 m.ha.m of ground water resouces.
• Irrigation constitues 84 % of total utilization i.e.75 billion cubic metres of water.
• Share of water use for irrigation is likely to go down to about 73 percent by 2025.A.D.
i) to study utilization pattern of drip irrigation ii) to determine installation cost of drip
irrigation iii) to examine economic feasibility of drip
irrigation system iv) to analyse cost and returns on surface and
drip irrigation systems
• Analysis: The annual fixed costs consisting of depreciation and interest on investments.
Original value - junk value Depreciation =
Year of useful life
• Net Present Value: Future net returns were discounted to their net present value :
R1 R2 Rn-1 RnNPV = + + -------------+ +
(1+r)1 (1+r)2 (1+r)n-1 (1+r) n
Where, R1, R2 ----------------- Rn are the net returns in period 1, 2, -------n, respectively; n is the life in years, r is the discount rate and NPV is net present value of returns R1, R2 -------------- Rn.
• Pay back period: The number of years by which the net return (R) equals to the establishment cost of drip/sprinkler sets, (K).
n
∑ Ri =Ki=1
Where, Ri is net returns in ith year, K is cost of drip/sprinkler sets.
FLOW CHART FOR INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS
• Release of payments to MI companies• Ø 10% towards mobilization advance along-
with administrative sanction for installation of microirrigation system.
• Ø 85% after completion of installation of microirrigation system.
• Ø 5% after furnishing of Bank guarantee towards performance guarantee for five years
1(a) -Area(ha) covered under pressure irrigation from Nov'03 to March'08
S.No Name of the Crop Achievement
1 Banana 15215
2 Cashew 530
3 Citrus 68986
4 Coconut 1677
5 Cotton 997
6 Flowers 351
7 Grapes 1205
8 Jatropha 3166
9 Mango 45849
10 Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 519
Contd.
1(b) -Area(ha) covered under from Nov'03 to March'08
S.No Name of the Crop Achievement
11 Oil palm 12335
12 Ormnamental 6
13 Others 43721
14 Tobacco 277
15 Papaya 8013
16 Pomegranate 2703
17 Sapota 4609
18 Sericulture 322
19 Spicies 3227
20 Sprinkler 139540
21 Sugarcane 13611
22 Vegetables 9436
Total 376294
Area(ha) covered under APMIP during 08-09 as on 31-01-09
S.No Name of the Crop Achievement
1 Fruits 65795
2 Vegetables 3871
3 Spices 2814
4 Medicinal Plants 88
5 Flowers 237
6 Sugarcane 1246
7 Sericulture 72
8 Agriculture 1065
9 Sprinkler 34136
10 Oil palm 7372
Total 116696
Table 1(a) Indicative Cost of establishing Drip Irrigation System in one ha
S.No Crop Spacing Type of DripPrice per ha
12mm 16mm
1 Mango 10 m x 10 m Online 15340 17030
2 Mango 9 m x 9 m Online 18070 20040
3 Mango 8 m x 8 m Online 21740 23790
4 Mango 7 m x 7 m Online 23210 25600
5 Mango 6m x 6m Online 25220 28010
6 Mango 6m x 6m Emitting pipe 27030 31410
7 Mango 5 m x 5 m Online 28780 32060
8 Mango 5 m x 5 m Emitting pipe 30030 35190
9 Cashew Nut 7 m x 7 m Online 23210 25600
10 Coconut 8 m x 8 m Online 21740 23790
11 Sapota 10 m x 10 m Online 15340 17030
12 Sapota 8 m x 8 m Online 21740 23790
13 Sweet orange 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
14 Acid Lime 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
15 Custard apple 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
Contd.
Table 1(b) Indicative Cost of establishing Drip Irrigation System
S.No Crop Spacing Type of DripPrice per ha
12mm 16mm
16 Guava 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
17 Amla 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
18 Ber 6 m x 6 m Online 25220 28010
19 Pomegranate 4.5 m x 2.7 m Online 28310 32010
20 Papaya 1.8 m x 1.5 m Online 57440 66640
21 Papaya 1.8 m x 1.5 m Emitting pipe 58560 73010
22 Banana 1.8 m x 1.5 m Emitting pipe 58560 73010
23 Grapevine 2.7 m x 1.8 m Online 42130 48250
24 Grapevine 2.7 m x 1.8 m Emitting pipe 44770 54370
25 Vegetables 0.6 m x 0.45 m(Lateral Spacing-1.2m) Emitting pipe 85210 103020
26 Rose [(0.60m +1.20 m) x 0.6 m](Lateral Spacing-1.8m) Emitting pipe 58560 73010
27 Jasmine [(0.60m +1.20 m) x 0.6 m](Lateral Spacing-1.8m) Emitting pipe 58560 73010
28 Other flowers 1.00 m x 0.30 m or 0.45 m(Lateral Spacing-1.0m) Emitting pipe 100120 121320
29 Tobacco (Light soils)
1.20 m x 0.50 m(Lateral Spacing-1.2m) Emitting pipe 85210 103020
30 Tobacco (Black soils)
0.75 m x 0.50 m(Lateral Spacing-1.5m) Emitting pipe 66420 83640
Contd.
Table 1(c) Indicative Cost of establishing Drip Irrigation System
S.No Crop Spacing Type of DripPrice per ha
12mm 16mm
31 Tobacco-Nursery 3m - Seedbed Micro Sprinkler-Fertilizer 30260
32 Tobacco-Nursery 3m - Seedbed Micro Sprinkler-Ventury 28980
33 Tobacco-Nursery 3m - Seedbed MicroJjet- Fertilizer 31470
34 Tobacco-Nursery 3m - Seedbed MicroJjet- Ventury 30200
35 Sugarcane [(0.75 m + 1.50 m) x 0.15m](Lateral Spacing-2.25m) Emitting pipe 50760 60440
36 Sugarcane [(0.75 m + 1.25 m) x 0.60 m](Lateral Spacing-2.0m) Emitting pipe 54760 65640
37 Sugarcane [(0.60 m + 1.20 m) x 0.60 m](Lateral Spacing-1.8m) Emitting pipe 58920 71380
38 Sugarcane Pit method 1.5mX1.5m(Lateral Spacing-3m) Online 54010 56540
39 Cotton [(0.60 m + 1.20 m) x 0.60 m](Lateral Spacing-1.8m) Emitting pipe 58920 71380
40 Mulberry (Sericulture) 0.90 m x 0.90 m(Lateral Spacing-1.8m) Emitting pipe 58920 71380
41 Oil palm 9m x 9m Traingular Online 24000 26140
42 Oil palm 9m x 9m Traingular Microjet 26660 28810
2 (a) Unit Cost of Sprinkler Systems
S.No
Sprinkler System Components
1.0 ha 2.0 ha 3.0 ha 3.0 ha 4.0 ha
Quantity
Amount (Rs)
Amount (Rs)
Amount (Rs)
Quantity
Amount (Rs)
Amount (Rs)
Quantity
Amount (Rs)
Quantity
Amount (Rs)
(Number) 50mm 63mm 75mm (Numbe
r) 63mm 75mm (Number) 75mm (Numbe
r) 75mm
1
HDPE Pipes with quick action coupler (2.5 kg/cm2) of 6m long
25 9013.25 10141.25
10528.00 30 12169.5
012633.60 37 15581.4
4 45 18950.40
2
Sprinkler coupler with foot baton assembly
5 1103.50 1206.95 1296.55 7 1689.73 1815.17 11 2852.41 14 3630.34
3
Sprinkler nozzles (1.7 to 2.8 kg/cm2)
5 1605.00 1605.00 1605.00 7 2247.00 2247.00 11 3531.00 14 4494.00
4
Riser pipe 20mm diameter x 75cm long
5 302.50 302.50 302.50 7 423.50 423.50 11 665.50 14 847.00
Contd.
2(b) Unit Cost of Sprinkler Systems
S.No
Sprinkler System Components
1.0 ha 2.0 ha 3.0 ha
3.0 ha 4.0 ha
Qty
Amount (Rs)
Amount (Rs) Amount (Rs) Qty Amount
(Rs)Amount (Rs) Qty Amount
(Rs) Qty Amount (Rs)
(No) 50mm 63mm 75mm (No) 63mm 75mm (Nor) 75mm (No) 75mm
5 Connecting nipple 1 128.40 143.80 186.15 1 143.80 186.15 1 186.15 1 186.15
6Bend with coupler 900
1 120.35 140.40 187.20 1 140.40 187.20 1 187.20 1 187.20
7 Tee with coupler 1 154.25 170.35 201.20 1 170.35 201.20 1 201.20 1 201.20
8 End plug 2 106.90 120.30 147.00 2 120.30 147.00 2 147.00 2 147.00
9
Transpitation & Installation
350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00 350.00
10 Basic system cost per hectare (Rs.)
12884.15 14180.55 14803.60 17454.58 18190.82 23701.90 28993.29
11 Rounding off to 12880 14180 14800 17450.0
0 18190.00 23700.00 28990.00
Drip on two sides of plantation
Energy requirement for pumping water for 1 ha orchardS.NO
Description Traditional method Drip method
1 Irrigation water required 220 cm 100 cm
2 Irrigation period 250 days 250 days
3 Irrigation interval 7 days 1 day
4 No. of irrigations 36 250
5 Depth of water per irrigation 6.1 cm 0.4 cm
6 Volume of water required per irrigation 610 m3 40 m3
7 Operating hours 7h 4h
8 Pump discharge 12.1 lps (2 days for one irrigation)
2.8 lps
9 Total head required 25 m 25 m
10 WHP 4.03 0.93
11 BHP (Pumping efficiency of 60%) 6.72 1.55
12 Energy required, kwh 2525 1160
Economic Analysis
In AP five lakh ha of area is brought under pressurized irrigation from 2003 to 2009. Energy requirement for irrigating one ha orchard area under surface and drip methods respectively works out to 2,525 kwh and 1,160 kwh. ---A net saving of 1.2 ha m of water and 1,365 kwh energy from every ha area yearly.
Additional monetary benefits due to pressurized irrigation for
orchard crops in 5 lakh haItem Surface
methodDrip method Saving/
IncreaseUnit value Amount Rs.
crores
Water 11 lakh ha-m 5 lakh ha-m 6 lakh ha-m Rs. 2000/- per ha-m 120
Energy 126.25 crorekwh
58 crore kwh 68.25 crorekwh
Rs.2/- per kwh 136.5
Yield 30 lakh tons 55 lakh tons 25 lakh tons Rs. 1,000/- per ton 250
Total 506.5
Fruit set, drop and retention rate in mango during 2007
CO RDI PRD NI
Harvested fruit weight(kg/tree)
32.80a 30.20a 31.65a 24.35b
Harvested fruits(tree 1)
104.30a 101.60a 97.67a 76.37b
Mean fruit weight(g)
314.48a 297.24b 324.02a 318.86ab
Fruit set(tree 1)
411.13a 351.10b 346.67b
279.28c
Fruit drop(tree 1)
306.83a 249.50b 249.17b
202.91c
Retention rate(%)
25.37a 28.94b 28.12b 27.35b
Alternate bearing in the mango cropping years2004–2007 according to irrigation treatments.
FI (%) RDI (%) PRD (%) NI (%)
Yield decrease in 2005 11.11 5.97 12.86 12.50No alternation 51.52 61.19 58.57 37.50Yield increase in 2005 37.37 32.84 28.57 50.00Yield decrease in 2006 52.31 78.13 73.33 54.17No alternation 43.08 15.63 22.67 41.67Yield increase in 2006 4.62 6.25 4.00 4.17Yield decrease in 2007 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.44No alternation 31.17 36.84 29.03 31.71Yield increase in 2007 68.83 63.16 70.97 65.85
Effect of irrigation on mango fruitmesocarp percentages in 2004 and 2005
Treatment 2004 2005
CO 71.1 a 76.1 a
PRD 78.0 b 78.5 b
RDI 77.3 b 76.3 a
NI 71.1 a 76.3 a
Water availability, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Mango trees in 2004 and 2005
Yield (t/ha) Irrigation (mm)
ETc (mm) Rain (mm)
Balance (mm)
WUE (kg/m3)
2004
CO 8.00 a 268.7 253.8 0.0 14.9 3.0 a
PRD 7.69 a,b 131.2 253.8 0.0 _122.6 5.9 b
RDI 5.75 b,c 137.5 253.8 0.0 _116.4 4.2 c
NI 3.62 c 0.0 253.8 0.0 _253.9
2005
CO 15.06 a 231.2 251.3 70.6 50.6 6.5 a
PRD 13.56 a,b,c 125.0 251.3 70.6 _55.6 10.9 b
RDI 12.93 b,c 150.0 251.3 70.6 _30.7 8.6 a
NI 11.06 c 0.0 251.3 70.6 _180.7
Fruit growth assessmentIrrigation and harvest data of three cropping seasons, 2005–2007.
Treatment Fruitweight (g)
Yield(kg/tree)
Irrigation(m3/tree)
WUE(kg/m3)
Fruits/tree
2005
CO 267.09 24.25 2.90 8.36 99.04
RDI 278.26 20.71* 1.88 11.01** 77.20**
PRD 282.31* 21.67* 1.57 13.79** 80.82*
NI 265.37 17.67** 0.00 n.a. 70.29**
2006
CO 372.49 13.50 3.00 4.49 36.24
RDI 276.39** 20.04** 1.42 14.14** 72.50**
PRD 375.70 15.25 1.44 10.57** 40.60*
NI 253.85** 18.28* 0.00 n.a. 72.00*
2007
CO 314.48 32.80 3.62 9.05 104.30
RDI 297.24* 30.21 1.74 17.37** 101.60
PRD 324.02* 31.63 1.86 16.96** 97.67
NI 318.86 24.35* 0.00 n.a. 76.37**
Number of fruits according to size classesa
>500 401–500 301–400 251–300 201–250 <200
0.02 0.53 11.85 31.49 39.19 14.66
0.04 0.51 15.84* 27.40 26.51** 6.89**
0.13 1.29* 17.31* 28.51 25.71** 7.87*
0.00 0.08* 11.58 25.08* 22.42** 10.42
0.25 4.00 18.08 9.83 3.17 0.91
0.00 0.67** 15.75 22.50** 27.17** 6.42**
0.33 4.60 22.50 10.17 2.83 0.17
0.33 4.50 23.33 22.00* 17.67* 4.17*
1.86 9.75 41.12 34.92 13.31 3.29
0.26* 4.88* 41.60 35.77 14.57 4.45*
2.21* 10.22 45.59* 26.43 10.88 2.14
0.41* 6.89* 30.80** 20.66* 13.28 4.34*
Improved W U E in the orchards at macro level should include:
(i) Controlling erosion through appropriate soil conservation measures,
(ii) Practising reduced tillage and low- cost in situ water conservation
measures (micro-catchments for the planted trees, pits, staggered
trenches),
(iii) Involving leguminous cover crops (e.g. Crotalaria spp., Sesbania spp.)
(iv) Adopting appropriate agrihorti technologies,
(v) Using improved germplasm of trees, especially fruits.
• Water productivity enhancement & cost reduction.
• Ground water recharge (Open wells & Tanks).
• Creation of Farm Ponds.
• Garlanding of Tanks could be one of the best intervention.
• Promotion of AH activities (Cattle/sheep & goat) in an orchard as an
alternate revenue sources.
• Introduction of improved breeds of sheep and poultry in an orchard.
contd…..
Case study Shri M Krishna Reddy owns 11 year old mango orchard
var. Baneshan in an area of four ha He was harvesting about 9.3 tons of fruits from 4 hectares by his own methods.
•INTERVENTIONSThe mango trees were pruned during the month of June
Crescent basins were made for in-situ moisture conservation. Long bunds were made across the slope to prevent runoff, soil erosionand for in-situ moisture conservation.
Fertilizers @7.5 kg FYM, 2 kg Urea, 4.7 kg SSP, 1.66 kg MOP & 200 g of ZnSO4 were applied. Full dose of FYM, N, ZnSO4 and half dose of K and P were applied at the onset of monsoon.
Remaining doses of P in December and K during fruit development were given. Two protective irrigations were advised with conserved moisture during sigmoid fruit growth stage. Intercrops were grown and 44 sheep were reared. Improved practices on harvesting, grading, packaging and marketing of mango fruits.
RESULTSHe got about 40.2 tones of premium quality fruits from 4 ha
during 2003 as against 9.3 tons with his own practices.He obtained a net income of Rs. 3,77,440 from mango and
Rs.73,640 from 44 sheep after feeding them for five months.The fetility of the orchard was improved .
The net income from four ha mango orchard scaled up yearwise:
Year Technologies Income (Rs. in lakhs)
2000 Farmers’ practices 0.7
2001 Improved technology 1.2
2002 Improved technology 2.5
2003 Improved technology 4.2
2004 Improved technology 6.9
Uniform Bloom By Following Interventions
Bountiful Harvest Due To Interventions
Horti-pastural System With Sheep Rearing
In a scarce rainfall year a ber orchardist
earns livelihood with CRIDA interventions Shri Patole Shivaji Dyanu from Village Karewadi in
Sangli Dist
He owns a ber orchard on a shallow soil.
< 10 kg fruits per tree before the interventions.
INTERVENTIONS
• The ber trees were pruned in the last week of March.
• Basins were prepared for in-situ moisture conservation.
• Ridges and furrows were opened for rainwater.
• Mulching was done in the basins.
• CRIDA dose of fertilizers @ 50 kg FYM, 550 g Urea, 1550 g SSP & 400 g MOP was applied.
• Full dose of FYM, SSP, MOP and half dose of Urea was applied after pruning.
• Remaining dose of Urea was applied in two splits at monthly intervals during fruit development stage. Protective irrigations were given with conserved moisture.
• Intercrops were sown.
• Sprays were given to control powdery mildew and fruit borer
• Harvesting, grading, packaging and marketing - in adjoining areas like Jat, Kavathe Mahankal, Tasgaon and Miraj.
RESULTS• He harvested about 50 kg+ good quality fruits even in a deficit rainfall year and 15 kg in a very severe drought year.
• In the retail market he got avg. rates ranging from Rs. 6.41 in 2001, Rs. 6.66 in 2002 to Rs. 7.50 in 2003 than any average farmer who got Rs. 3.20per Kg.
• The farmer got fodder for his animals from the intercrops.
• Annual rain fall was 430 mm, 264mm and 121mm in 2001, 2002 and 2003 as against avg. of 650 mm. Even under scarce rainfall zone, ber was found to be the best fruit crop.
Economics of Ber cultivation during different rainfall years at Karewadi village, Sangli District in Maharashtra
AvgRainfall (mm)
Avg.yield
kg/tree
Total yield
kg/ha
Avg. rate
Rs/kg
Total income Rs/ha
Total expenditure
Rs/ha
Net profitRs/ha
Control 9.95 1500 3.20 4800 3275 1525
With Treats
2001 430 49.5 7500 6.66 49950 10000 39950
2002 264 53.3 7950 6.41 51000 10895 40105
2003 121 15.1 2250 7.50 16875 4730 12145
Facilitate Market led Farming• Creation of marketing infrastructure and value addition centers
• Identification &Promotion of specific crops/varieties
• Profit Maximization with better price discovery mechanism
Crop Market Linkages identified
Mango (Yerrabelli) Reliance Retail, Field fresh
Muskmelon Reliance Retail, Best Exports, Local Traders
Cluster Bean Kadapa Local Market, Chennai-Exports
Musk melon Cluster Bean Mango
Synergy – Ongoing Govt. Programs :
• Convergence with NREGP helps for effective implementation.
• Co- Ordination with DRDA/ Velugu.
• Scope for effective utilisation of NHM in the cluster.
• Networking with Banks in the cluster.
• Partnership with KVK & ATMA for effective technological reach.
• Synergistic approach with Dept. of Agril for successful implementation.
• Exploiting the potential of RMGS/SHGs for Community development.
Public private partnership :
• Confdn. Kisan Org., Basics (Kup), Media Lab Asia.
Institutional linkages :
• CRIDA, IIHR, NIN, CFTRI, ICRISAT, AVRDC, IIIT, ANGRAU.
Horticulture can lead to sustainable growth and
overall improvement in socio-economic conditions.
Fruit crops can be managed to stabilize greenhouse
gases by Sequestering carbon-dioxide in plants,
storing C and N in perennial vegetation and soils for
a longer period.
Fodder species suitable for Horti-pastoral systems
• Stylosanthes scabra
• Stylosanthes hamata
• Cenchrus ciliaris
• Cenchrus setigerus
• Dichanthium annulatum
• Chrysopogan fulvus
• Pennisetum pedicillatum
Effect of micronutrients and supplemental irrigation on rabi-summer grown vegetable crops
Vegetable Variety Yield (q/0.1 ha)
Farmerpractice
Rate (Rs./kg)
Gross income
Gross
cost
Net income
(Rs)
Bittergourd Nikita 17.5 5.80 12-14 22750 2250 20500
Tomato Arkavikas 20.20 8.50 8-12 20200 2000 18200
Cucumis Oniversi 21.1 14.2 3 6330 750 5580
Brinjal Bhagyamati 23.1 10.30 5 11550 2000 9550
Ridgegourd Nishant 16.1 4.60 6 9660 1000 8660
Interventions :
· Boron : 0.25%
· Fe : 0.5%
· Zn : 0.5 %
· Ca : 1%
• Supplemental irrigation was given at nursery raising, 2, 3, 5, 7 & 9 weeks after sowing / transplanting.
50 litres of spray solution was used for 0.1 ha at 25 and 35 d after transplanting along with recommended doses of nutrients
Effect of supplemental irrigation (m3/0.1 ha) on yield (q) of rabi-summer grown vegetable crops
Vegetable
Replenishment rates
1 1/3 1/2 2/3
M3 Q M3 Q M3 Q M3 Q
Bittergourd 36 17.5 12 7.21 18 14.11 24 17.80
Tomato 30 20.20 10 11.30 15 15.05 20 18.44
Cucumis 12 16.0 4 16.8 6 18.6 8 18.6
Brinjal 18 23.1 6 21.8 9 18.35 12 21.08
Ridge gourd 24 16.1 8 16.22 12 13.14 16 16.22
Yield of vegetable crops(t / 0.1 ha area)
Vegetables Suppl irri Farmers practice
Tomato 2.02 0.85
Brinjal 2.31 1.03
Bhindi 1.15 0.59
Chilli 1.22 0.47
Cucumber 2.11 1.42
Watermelon 6.2 2.24
Guar 0.76 0.32
Ridge gourd 1.61 0.46
Bottle gourd 1.75 0.58
Bitter gourd 1.63 0.43
Capsicum 1.15 0.51
Onion 1.03 0.39
Dolichus 0.81 0.28
Spinach 0.54 0.23
Amaranthus 0.62 0.37
Fenugreek 0.65 0.31
Heritage freshTurnover
Week days : Rs. 10,000 - 14,000 kg/day
Week end : Rs. 13,000 - 16,000 kg/day
Peak turnover / festivals : Rs. 16,000 - 18,000 kg/day
Month
September : Rs. 3,96,000/day
October : Rs. 3,78,982/ day
November : Rs. 3,35,000/ day
Average : Rs. 3,69,994/day
Establishment
Rent : Rs. 78,000 / month
Transport : Rs. 67,000 /month
Electricity : Rs. 68,000 / month
Staff : Rs. 3,500 / month x 14 nos. = Rs. 49,000
Rent + Transport + Electricity + Staff = Rs. 2,62,000 /month
Average Rs. 3,69,994 x 30 days = Rs. 1.11 core
Rs. 1.11 core (-) Rs. 0.0262 = 1.0838
Rs. 1.0838 core x (25- 35%) margin = 0.325 core / month /retail outlet
Typical soil profiles in Typical soil profiles in MahabubnagarMahabubnagar, A.P., A.P.
VertisolsVertisols
AlfisolsAlfisols
Rainwater management for teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) and mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) in semi-arid regions
Baby corn & sweet corn Baby corn & sweet corn grown in grown in aonlaaonla
Rainfed vegetables grown in an orchard Rainfed vegetables grown in an orchard
Fig crop grown in an Fig crop grown in an orchard at CRIDA orchard at CRIDA
Roselle grown at CRIDA Roselle grown at CRIDA
Aonla ideal for degraded lands
A 6 year old Tamarind graft
HortiHorti--pasture in Marginal Sloppy Landspasture in Marginal Sloppy Lands
Guava + Guava + CenchrusCenchrus ciliarisciliaris, , R.R.DistR.R.Dist., AP.., AP. Guava + Stylosanthes hamata in marginal soils
In-situ conservation practicesMicro-catchments
- improves perennial plant establishment even on steep slopes
Green capping of bunds with stylo legume, R.R.Distt, A.P.
Gliricidia sepium on field bunds of sorghum, R.R.Distt, A.P.
Uniform bloom in Mango by adopting NATP interventions, Mahaboobnagar, A.P.
Horti-pastural system with sheep rearing, Mahaboobnagar, A.P.
Sheep rearing in Mango orchard,Mahaboobnagar, A.P.
Horti-pasture system with Nellorezodpi sheep, Mahaboobnagar, A.P.
Rainwater collection and recycling in an orchard, Sangli (Maharashtra)
Preplant preparations in a non-arable dryland, Sangli (Maharashtra)
Sorghum as an intercrop in a Berorchard, Beed (Maharashtra)
Uniform bloom in Pomegranate by adopting NATP interventions, Sangli, (Maharashtra)
Field bunds for soil and water conservation, Beed (Maharashtra)
Establishment of tamarind on a rocky sloppy land, Beed (Maharashtra)
Life of containment Liner is 4 yrs.)
A farm pond with HDPE lining to control seepage(life of HDPE lining is 4 years)
Water Harvesting in desilted village pond
Field bunds for soil and water conservation, Beed (Maharashtra)
Establishment of teak, custard apple and soap nut on a degraded rocky land,
Mahaboobnagar (A.P.)
Gmelina arborea in a tamarind plantation, Beed (Maharashtra)
Sheep rearing in a silvi-pasture system, R.R.Dist. (A.P.)
A mega water harvesting structure prepared on the advice of NATP core team to meet peak water demand of a 40 acre pomegranate orchard in Sangola Tehsil , Solapur (Maharashtra)
A mega water harvesting structure to meet peak water demand of a 40 acre pomegranate orchard in SangolaTehsil , Solapur
