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DOC.NIVEL 2 UNIDAD 2
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WORKS AND JOBS
accountant(s) baker(s) barber(s)
barman (barmen) builder(s) butcher(s)
carpenter(s) cashier(s) chambermaid(s)
chef(s) cleaner(s) dentist(s)
doctor(s) electrician(s) engineer(s)
fireman (firemen) fishmonger(s) flight attendant(s)
hairdresser(s) judge(s) lawyer(s)
nurse(s) optician(s) painter(s)
photographer(s) plumber(s) policeman (policemen)
porter(s) post[wo]man
(post[wo]men) receptionist(s)
reporter(s) sales assistant(s) sales representative(s)
scientist(s) secretary (secretaries) surgeon(s)
tailor(s) teacher(s) technician(s)
vet(s) waiter(s) welder(s)
Work - What do they do? Where do they work?
Job What do they do? Where do they work?
Accountants Look after the finances in an
organisastion. They work in an office.
Bakers Bake bread. They work in a bakery.
Barbers Shave men's beards and cut
men's hair. They work in a barbers.
Barmen/women Serve drinks. They work in a bar, pub
or restaurant.
Butchers Prepare and sell meat. They work in a
butchers.
Chambermaids Clean and tidy rooms. They work in a hotel.
Chefs Prepare and cook food. They work in a kitchen.
Dentists Look after people's teeth. They work in a dentists.
Doctors Look after people's health. They work in a hospital
or surgery.
Fishmongers Prepare and sell fish. They work in a
fishmongers.
Flight attendants Look after passengers. They work in an
airplane.
Hair dressers Cut and style people's hair. They work in a hair
salon.
Judges Judge and sentence people. They work in a law
court.
Lawyers Defend and prosecute people.
They work in a law
court and in a lawyers
office.
Nurses Look after patients . They work in a hospital
or doctor's surgery.
Opticians Look after people's eye sight. They work in an
opticians.
Porters Carry other people's bags and
luggage.
They work in a hotel or
train station.
Receptionists Meet and greet visitors. They work in reception.
Sales Assistants Sell goods and look after
customers. They work in a shop.
Secretaries Arrange appointments, type
letters and organise meetings. They work in an office.
Surgeons Operate on people who are
sick. They work in a hospital.
Tailors Design, make, alter or repair
garments,
They work in factories
and shops.
Teachers Teach people. They work in a school.
Technicians Organise and repair technical
equipment. They work everywhere!
Vets Look after people's animals.
They work in a
veterinary surgery or
vets.
Waiters/Waitresses Serve people food and drink. They work in a
restaurant.
Welders Weld metal to make things. They work in factories
and construction.
The Past Tenses
Simple Past
Simple Past Used to show
a completed
action
I studied English last Saturday.
Past Progressive/Continuous
Past
Progressive
Often used to
say when
something
was being
done or what
was
happening
when
something
else
happened
I was studying English last
Monday when my friend rang.
I was studying English at 5pm
last Monday.
The Future Tenses
The future can be indicated in several different ways in English. It is often created with
the use of auxiliaries: "She will be a student.", "She is going to drive a new car."
English can even create the future by using the simple present (used for
timetables,programs etc.), "The train arrives at 10pm" or the present progressive (used
for future plans), "He is collecting his mother from the station tonight."
Simple Future (uses will or shall or going to + base form)
Simple Future
(Some
uncertainty)
Decide to do
something at
the time of
speaking
I think I'll do my English homework
tonight.
Simple Future
(Certain)
Have already
decided or
arranged to
do something
I am going to study English next
Saturday.
Future Progressive/Continous (uses will be, shall be or going to be +-ing form)
On the hour
Past / to the
hour
Prepositions What to say
Writing the
time
Time
Idioms
When it's "on the hour" we say "o'clock". But only when it's on the hour.
Twelve o'clock
Six o'clock
One o'clock
Seven o'clock
Two o'clock
Eight o'clock
Three o'clock
Nine o'clock
Four o'clock
Ten o'clock
Five o'clock
Eleven o'clock
Because it can be difficult to say whether 12 o'clock is during the day or the night, we
use two special terms.
00:00 and 24:00 = Twelve
midnight (or midnight)
12:00 = Twelve noon
(or noon)
Time (2)
In five minute increments, when it's past the hour (up to 30 minutes past) we say "past".
When it's before the hour (after 30 minutes past) we say "to".
There are 60 minutes in an hour.
30 minutes is half an hour, we say "half past" or "thirty".
15 minutes is quarter of an hour, we say "quarter past" or "fifteen" or "quarter to" or
"forty-five".
Twelve o'clock
Twelve fifteen
or
Quarter past twelve
Twelve thirty
or
Half past twelve
We never say "half to".
Twelve forty-five
or
Quarter to one
At other "odd" times, when we want to be accurate, we add the word "minute(s)":-
It's twenty-eight minutes to
twelve.
It's one minute
past three.
If you want to avoid trying to remember when to use "minutes" and
when not to just say "nearly" or "just turned".
It's just turned half past
eleven.
It's nearly
three o'clock.
Prepositions used with time
At a point
in time
In a length of
time
"When
shall we
meet?
"Let's
meet at
12.30."
"It's 12.45,
when will you
be ready?
"I'll see you in
an hour, at
about 1.45."
Naturally speaking
Digital clocks often show the time this way using the 24-hour-clock, only the
police and the military actually speak using the 24 hour clock:-
If it's before noon we tend
to say "in the morning".
If it's after noon we say "in
the afternoon".
If it's late we say "at
night".
07:00
It's seven o'clock in the
morning
14:00
It's two o'clock in the
afternoon
22:00
It's ten o'clock at night
15 minutes past the hour
is quarter past:
07:15
It's quarter past seven in
the morning
14:15
It's quarter past two in
the afternoon
22:15
It's quarter past ten at
night
30 minutes past the hour
is half past:
07:30
It's half past seven in the
morning
14:30
It's half past two in the
afternoon
22:30
It's half past ten at night
45 minutes past the hour
is quarter to:
07:45
It's quarter to eight in the
morning
14:45
It's quarter to three in
the afternoon
22:45
It's quarter to eleven at
night
How to ask the time in English.
o Excuse me. What time is it,
please?
It's exactly eight
o'clock.
or
It's eight.
o Excuse me. Do you have the time,
please?
It's half past twelve.
or
It's twelve thirty.
o Excuse me. Could you tell me the
time, please?
It's about half past
eleven.
or
It's around eleven
thirty.
Writing the time
morning 00:01 -
11:59
a.m. - stands for Ante Meridiem (the time
between midnight and noon)
00:01 hrs -
12:00
noon or midday 12:00
p.m. - stands for Post Meridian (after noon) 12:01 -
24:00 hrs
afternoon 12:01 -
18:00
evening 18:01 -
22:00
night 22:01 -
24:00
midnight 24:00 /
00:00
There are 24 hours in a day, but only the military, police and computer programmers
use the 24-hour clock. When writing or speaking generally we tend to use the 12-hour
clock. The 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods called a.m. (Latin "ante
meridiem" | English: "before mid day") and p.m. (Latin "post meridiem" | English: "after
mid day").
The way people write the time varies. I prefer a.m. and p.m.
Choose from the following styles or use what your English teacher tells you to and stick
to it:-
a.m. p.m.
am pm
AM PM
A.M. P.M.
Some people (myself included) use a dot as the separator: 2.30 pm.
Some people use a colon as the separator: 2:30 pm. The colon is usually used with the
24-hour clock: 14:30.
When you are writing the time decide whether to write it using numerals or words, and
stick to that.