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NITI AAYOG CASE STUDIES: TARGET MAINS 2020-21

Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

INDEX 1 CHILD PROTECTION 3

2 EDUCATION 3

3 ENVIRONMENT 3

4 FINANCIAL INCLUSION 4

5 FOOD SECURITY AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION 4

6 HEALTH 4

7 INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 5

8 LOCAL GOVERNANCE 5

9 SOCIAL SECURITY 6

10 SANITATION 7

11 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT 7

12 AGRICULTURE 7

13 SKILL DEVELOPMENT 8

14 IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT 8

15 DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT 9

16 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT 9

17 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN WATER MANAGEMENT 9

18 WATERSHED MANGEMENT 10

* We took all care in preparing this document. If you still find any discrepancy in the information provided, please inform us at

[email protected]

MAINS 2020 - 21

NITI AAYOG CASE STUDIES & BEST PRACTICES

ON 18+ THEMES

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• Sampark: Reaching out through school student helpline in Odisha.

− Timely and efficient redressal of complaints lodged by students related to education and schools

under RTE, 2009.

− Helped improve discipline in the education system by reducing teacher absenteeism and increasing

sensitisation towards children’s issues and their rights.

• Pota Cabins: Residential schools for children in LWE-affected areas of Chhattisgarh

− Building schools with impermanent materials like bamboo and plywood in Chhattisgarh.

− Helped reduce the number of out-of-school children and improve enrolment and retention of

children since its introduction in 2011.

• Pratibha Parv: Strengthening quality of education in government schools of Madhya Pradesh

− Comprehensive initiative for the assessment of teaching and learning, and evaluation of

educational facilities and activities.

• Saakshar Bharat: Sustaining and enhancing efforts in adult education in Andhra Pradesh

− Emphasis on basic literacy, post-literacy and continuous education, the initiative forms a continuum

as opposed to segmenting adult education

• School Integration Programme: Merging and integration of Primary/UP/Secondary schools of Rajasthan

− Reduction in school dropouts (especially girls) due to transitions between schools, better

supervision and optimum utilization of resources.

• Multi level learning, Pratham : Teaching at the right level in India

− Shift focus from teaching each child at right grade (age-specific) to learning at right level.

− One-to-one assessment conducted to group each child by level rather than by grade, learning

conducted appropriate to the group level and each child's progress tracked by progress chart.

− Quality of reading and basic arithmetic levels at primary level improved quickly in a short period.

• Education Leadership Program, Piramal Foundation : Western states

− Principal and teacher leadership development by working on motivation, technology usage, skills

and capacity building etc.

− Gandhi Fellowship for young, bright fellows to attach with particular schools to build leadership

skills, work with communities to improve school functioning and quality of education.

− Focus on maintaining functional SMC with involvement of parents and community members

• Mazhapolima (meaning, bountiful rainfall) : Ensuring water security through participatory well recharge

in Kerala

− The project aims to alleviate the problem of water scarcity by harvesting rainwater from rooftops,

filtering it, and feeding it into open dug wells to recharge them.

1. CHILD PROTECTION

2. EDUCATION

3. ENVIRONMENT

NITI AAYOG BOOK ON BEST PRACTICES (SUMMARY) CASE STUDIES




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• Lake Restoration: Successful model of lake restoration in Rajasthan (Mansagar, Jaipur)

− The restoration of Mansagar was achieved under a public private partnership (PPP) model

− Strategy – Cleaning, setting up STP, dredging, introducing fish etc.

• Panchayat Banks: Providing banking facilities at the village level in Jharkhand

− Improved access to government schemes as well as financial services.

− Allowing citizens to carry out basic financial transactions and access benefits of government

schemes such as pensions and MGNREGA payments.

− It has reduced systemic leakages and increased transparency.

• Arun ePDS: ICTs and process re-engineering for an efficient PDS in Arunachal Pradesh

− Process re-engineering and use of ICT – eRation Cards, Supply Chain Management etc.

− Impact in reducing pilferage of food rations, rapid redressal of grievances, detection of ghost ration

cards and issuance of cards to the excluded beneficiaries.

• e-Uparjan: Re-inventing the procurement system through digitisation in Madhya Pradesh

− Speedy and transparent transfer of MSP dues into the accounts of farmers directly

− This initiative strengthens procurement operations, develops a near real-time reporting mechanism

and a decision support system.

• Arogyakeralam: Ensuring care and support for the chronically ill & infirm in Kerala

− Community-based approach to healthcare and considers home-based medical care to be the

cornerstone of palliative care services (home care team – consisting of specialists, volunteers,

ASHAs etc. regularly visit home, advice and support)

− Focusses not only on health concerns but also on the social, economic & psychological condition of

a patient.

• CATCH: Ensuring quality healthcare for all in Sikkim

− Comprehensive Annual and Total Health Check-up for Healthy Sikkim (CATCH).

− Annual and periodic health check-ups free of cost for all the citizens of Sikkim and providing

referrals as required.

• Mo Masari: Using a simple solution to protect pregnant women and children from malaria in Odisha

− Efficient distribution & proper use of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) by the targeted

population.

− The accompanying rigorous Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Behaviour

Change Communication (BCC) campaigns.

• Decentralized ICDS Supplementary Nutrition Programme: Odisha

− Reaches out to all beneficiaries with a standard weekly menu, meeting the protein and calorie

norms within the allocated ration cost, removing contractors and encouraging women Self-Help

Groups (SHGs) in adherence with the Supreme Court directive.

5. FOOD SECURITY AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION

6. HEALTH

4. FINANCIAL INCLUSION




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− Funds for procurement of food materials directly transferred into joint accounts of Anganwadi

workers.

− 2-fold impact - Improved functioning of ICDS and empowerment of women and SHGs.

− High social sustainability due to community driven model.

• SMART Anganwadi: App installed on mobile devices provided to Anganwadi teachers in Gujarat

− Helps monitor and update progress of health status of children and confirm food delivery by

supply workers.

− Eliminates use of multiple registers, improves service delivery, provides real-time information,

aids Anganwadi job through counselling aids, alerts etc.

• Intelligent Transport System: Improving urban public transport in Mysore

− Introducing real time data on bus schedules, estimated timings of arrival and departure,

announcing bus stops (by their names) and fare details at bus stops, bus terminals and inside the

buses using SMS, internet and interactive voice response system (IVRS).

− It aims to reduce the commuter’s dependence on personal automobiles, reduce traffic & pollution.

• M-Wallet App : One stop digital repository of all documents issued by transport department in

Telangana

− Freely downloadable app allows auto-fetch documents, have all documents on one screen, add

multiple vehicles owned by single person thus enhancing good governance.

• Janmarg : India's first full BRT system at Ahmedabad, Gujarat

− Closed BRT system with median bus stations, specially designed buses with right-hand side doors,

right of way to include cycle tracks and pedestrian facilities, faster commuting etc.

− Innovations include a fully "pedestrian and transit" only street, one-way bus lanes etc.

• Infrastructure : via Public Private Partnership in Madhya Pradesh

− PPP encouraged in different sectors like roads, storage development, energy, solid waste

management.

− Designed model concession agreements, speedy clearances, transparent selection process, set up

PPP cell in Directorate of Institutional finance to encourage private sector participation.

• Land Pooling : Model for land acquisition in Amravathi, Andhra Pradesh

− Voluntary land pooling is a process in which farmers in the notified area voluntarily offer their farm

lands and accept the developed plots in return according to agreed guidelines.

• 24 x 7 Metered Water: Improving water supply in rural areas of Punjab

− Involved the community in planning and implementation and metering water consumption for

judicious use in Punjab.

− Novel pull-model of proactively calling beneficiaries to obtain beneficiary feedback and to address

grievances on water supply service

• Entitlement-Based District Planning: Innovating planning process for accuracy and efficiency in Bihar

− Institutionalises decentralised planning at the district level through an entitlement-based

approach to ensure inter-regional and social equity

7. INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

8. LOCAL GOVERNANCE




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− Strategy - awareness about entitlements, increase public participation, monitoring and

evaluation.

• CORE Dashboard : CM Office Real-time Executive Dashboard in Andhra Pradesh

− Integrated dashboard to monitor Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of various departments and

schemes in real time.

− Drill down option from highest to lowest administrative units, updated frequently.

− Multi star rating system to encourage healthy competition among departments by judging them

on way information is shared with CORE dashboard.

• e-Gram Vishwagram Project : Aims to bridge the digital divide between urban and rural in Gujarat

− E-gram centres provide G2C services, B2C services and services through entrepreneurship.

− Operated through village computer entrepreneurs on PPP model.

• Online Police Station : Hassle free registration of FIRs and digital case records in Uttar Pradesh

− Build accountability in local police and reduce harassment.

• Safe City - Suraksha Setu : 4P model (Public-Private-People Partnership) for safety in Surat, Gujarat

− Building public opinion in favour of installing surveillance through CCTV cameras via awareness

campaign - I Follow Programme.

− Contract for purchase of CCTV camera via transparent tendering process, project implemented

with public funding.

− PCR vans connected with Command and Control Centre and integrated with MIS for live feeds.

− Supports non-interventional traffic management by means of issuing e-Challans.

− Helpful to create deterrence for crimes, rescue operations during disasters, supervise festival

processions and traffic management.

• Aam Aadmi Bima Yojna: Life insurance for rural landless labourers in Andhra Pradesh

− It is a group insurance scheme for the benefit of rural landless agricultural labourers.

− The scheme extends benefits for life insurance as well as coverage of partial and permanent

disability to a designated family member.

• Daliya Jalao: Liberating and rehabilitating manual scavengers in Badaun of Uttar Pradesh

− Literally meaning ‘burn the basket’

− To liberate manual scavengers from their degrading work and from the age-old stigma and

discrimination.

− Rehabilitate manual scavengers through existing government schemes such as pension schemes,

scholarships for children, rural housing schemes, loans and skill training.

• Himayat: Placement linked skill development in Jammu and Kashmir

− Focus on skill training, followed by job placements (youth of age 18-35 years)

− Employment is followed by extensive post-placement tracking and support to ensure that trainees

are able to adjust to work life.

• Samarpan: Early identification and intervention to check disability in Madhya Pradesh

− Early identification, screening, treatment and rehabilitation of children with developmental delay

or physically disability.

9. SOCIAL SECURITY




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• Open Defecation Free Villages: Creating and sustaining Nirmal Grams through community participation

in Jharkhand

− People-centric, participatory and demand-driven approach.

− This initiative aims to create ODF villages through the construction of a functional toilet in every

household

− The initiative has created a ripple effect as neighbouring villages have emulated the process.

• Avadi Sewage Treatment Plant: Sustainable off-grid sewage treatment in Chennai

− It has not only solved the problem of sewage disposal but also provided a pond of treated water for

fishing, vegetable cultivation and recharging of groundwater.

• Ghar Doghaanche Abhiyan: Joint ownership of housing by husband and wife in Maharashtra

− Making women aware of their rights to their husbands’ house and property

− Besides a sense of security, they have been able to resist domestic abuse with the knowledge that

they cannot legally be thrown out of their houses.

• Community based water management: Demand side groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh

− Implementation under a network of NGOs, extensive training of farmers (Farmer water schools),

hydrological monitoring system etc.

− Annual participatory exercise of community decision making on crop water budgeting, efficient

water use practices like mulching, bunding, improved irrigation and water saving devices.

• Matsya Mitra: Mobilising farmer groups in Jharkhand

− Commercial farming, cage culture, aquaculture popularized.

− Invites village residents to join hands with fisheries department to promote aquaculture.

− Matsya Mitra collect vital information, assist in resource assessment, document farming practices,

sourcing of support services and motivate fishery as alternate source of income.

• Strawberry cultivation: Horticultural revolution in Meghalaya

− Focus on high value, low volume crops.

− Horti-hubs being developed in different districts.

• Yantradoot villages: Model for agricultural mechanization for farmers in Madhya Pradesh

− Custom Hiring centres set up in model villages which demonstrate the equipment to farmers (focus

on small and marginal farmers) and available for hire on nominal prices.

− Government encouraging private entrepreneurs to set up centres by providing subsidy and training.

10. SANITATION

11. WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

12. AGRICULTURE




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• Mahila Samriddhi Yojana : Reviving the handicraft culture in Birbhum, West Bengal

− Loan facility, primary and advanced level training, production orientation, communication and

negotiation skills, exposure to e-marketing under brand DESAJ and support to participate in local

fairs, melas etc has been provided.

• Gram Laporiya : Indigenous, innovative technique for water conservation in Rajasthan

− New technique called Chouka System where small rectangular dykes on pasture land, with an entry

and exit point, are constructed.

− Helps in optimal utilization of rainwater for growing fodder for cattle, groundwater recharge and

has resulted in social mobilization to remove encroachments.

• Gram Tarang : State-of-the-art industrial training and placement opportunity in Odisha

− Training costs are born by three key stakeholders, individuals, government and enterprises in 1/3 X

1/3 X 1/3 revenue model.

− Various models employed are -

✓ Pay as you earn - Undertake training on credit and pay by instalments after getting

employment

✓ Training cum Production - Interns employed in a live production environment

• Ammachi Labs : Mobile Vocational Education (MoVE) in rural India

− Solar powered classroom on wheels equipped with emerging vocational tools like 3D printers, lase

cutters etc.

− A-VIEW, video conferencing technology to provide students instant access to experts in their field

of study for real-time interaction.

• Mission Kakatiya : Telangana

− Aimed at restoring minor irrigation sources of water like ponds, tanks.

− It also strengthens the community based irrigation management in a decentralized manner

benefiting the small and medium farmers.

− It has increased the storage capacity, moisture retention capacity of soil, reduced fertilizer use and

diversified towards high value crops.

• Narmada (Sanchore) : Rajasthan

− Micro irrigation technology like sprinkler and drip irrigation, bio drainage, tree plantation, salinity

resistant crops for plantation were encouraged.

− Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM), Water Users Association were encouraged for

community participation.

• Root zone watering by SWAR (System of Water for Agricultural Revolution) : Hyderabad, Telangana

− System involves storing water in overhead tanks and sending it through a small diameter pipe to

customised locally-made clay pot buried near the root area.

− The clay pot contains micro-tubes to transmit water through a sand pouch which leads to slow

oozing of water providing moisture for a long time.

13. SKILL DEVELOPMENT

14. IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT




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• Bhungroo - Ground water injection well : Gujarat

− Injects and stores excess rainfall water underground bringing down ground water salinity to enable

farming.

• Pani Panchayat : Odisha

− Enable public participation to secure equitable water distribution, maintenance of irrigation

system, efficient utilization of water resources according to the water budget.

• Jal Dal : Rajasthan

− Construction of water tank in village school, enlargement of village pond and creation of Jal Sabha

in village.

− Student body called Jal Dal took responsibility of maintenance of water tank, environment

conservation drives, dissemination of information on water stress.

• Community Managed Water Supply Programme: rural Gujarat

− Demand-responsive adaptable approach involving strong community participation.

− Unique cost-sharing model, where the community partially shares the cost, owns the drinking water

assets and holds the operation and maintenance responsibilities

• Birkha Bawri : Jodhpur, Rajasthan

− A rain water harvesting system inspired by traditional step wells in the region which is used for in-

situ conservation of resources.

• Non Revenue Water Cell : Surat, Gujarat

− Dedicated Non Revenue Water cell (NRW) for NRW reduction via leakage mapping exercise, water

audits and creation of accountability.

• Orange City Water Private Limited : Nagpur, Maharashtra

− PPP framework for water supply wherein asset ownership is under Nagpur Municipal Corporation,

operations are looked after by private consortium and investment by State and Central

government.

− PPP separates monitoring and regulation function from service provision and bringing in managerial

know-how.

• Johads : Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan

− Johads are simple mud and rubble barriers built across the contour of a slope to arrest rainwater

• Ahar Pyne : Bihar

− Ahar is a rectangular embankment type rainwater harvesting structure, embanked on three sides

and fourth side being a natural gradient of land used to grow Rabi crops, pyne are the irrigation

channels.

• Apatani : Arunachal Pradesh

− Wet rice cultivation cum fish farming system practiced by Apatani tribe.

15. DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT

16. URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT

17. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN WATER MANAGEMENT




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− Both rainwater and surface water is tapped by creating temporary mud walls that act as barriers,

provide storage and regulates the flow.

• Phad : Maharashtra

− Phad is a block of land used for community managed irrigation which receives water from bandhara

(a check dam) and diverted through the canal or pat.

• Kuhls/Kuls : Himachal Pradesh

− Diversion of water from natural flowing streams via temporary headwall, kuccha outlets (moghas)

and surplus water drains back forming a closed loop structure.

• Bamboo drip irrigation : Meghalaya

− Water from springs and streams is tapped using bamboo pipes to irrigate plantations since it is a

rocky terrain and groundwater channels are impossible.

• Artificial Glaciers : Ladakh

− Canals to divert water from main glacial stream to a small shaded catchment area away from village

to keep water frozen.

− Ice retaining walls were constructed on the sides in series to store frozen water.

• Hiware Bazar, Maharashtra

− Construction of artificial recharge structure, contouring on hill top, structures to store water and

proper distribution channels.

− Complete ban on grazing and cutting down trees, people encouraged to quit liquor, programs to

inform about family planning, workshops to uplift socio-economic status of people

• Dhara Vikas: Sikkim

− Creating water security through spring-shed development.

− A robust climate adaptation strategy for drought-prone districts by reviving springs.

− Reducing surface runoff of rainwater and allowing more water to percolate down.

• Project Bhujal : Bundelkhand, Uttar Pradesh

− Construction of check dams, farm ponds, renovation and recharging of water structures like wells

and contouring of land.

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18. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT




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