Upload
ssriram1990
View
392
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Target costing
Citation preview
Nissan Motor Company Ltd
Target Costing System
What is the competitive environment that drives the range
of products sold?• Sophisticated Japanese consumer and
lean enterprise shape the competitive environment
• Toyota has 45% and Nissan has 25% of market share
• No brand loyalty• Continuous improvement in functionality at
the same cost is the confrontation strategy of Nissan
How does Nissan Determine its future product mix?
• Product matrix-to achieve market coverage and decide on the product mix for the next 10 years
• Information is about target customers like their income levels, their needs, age etc
• Matrix helps identification of body types and models that appeal to a specific group of target customers
How does Nissan Determine its future product mix?
• Consumer analysis-determine attributes valued by customers
• Determine new entries in its product matrix
• Fifty potential models were identified and reduced to thirty models due to costs of differentiation and maintenance of inventory
How does Nissan Determine its future product mix?
• Mind-sets: How customers visualize themselves in relation to their cars
• Attributes that play an important psychological role when customers purchase a new car
• Cluster of mind-sets to identify market niches that warrant a new model
• How is this related to customer satisfaction?
What is the purpose of Nissan’s target cost system?
• Manufacture products that deliver functionality and quality at a cost that achieves firm’s target profit
• Proactive control of manufacturing cost• Cost is viewed as an interaction function
between price and profit. • Set quality, price and functionality in advance• Control is possible because target cost is
identified at design stage than at production cost• Long term profitability can be secured
What approaches can be used other than target costs?
• Differences between – p=s-c – c=s-p– S=c+p
• Profit projection vs value projection
What is target costing?
• Price, quality and functionality to achieve desired profit
• All major departments are involved in the process
What is value engineering?
• Systematic inter-disciplinary examination of factors affecting the cost of a product to device means of achieving to achieve required quality and reliability at its target or kaizen cost
• Design modification or process re-engineering or new production methods
• Reduce total cost while maintaining functionality applied from concept stage
What is the relationship between value engineering and target
costing?• Target cost is focused on setting the cost• Value engineering is to achieve that target cost• Allowable cost for components
– Increase commonality of parts– Reduce number parts in each new model
• Boundaries are determined on price, quality and functionality set by target costing restrict the value engineering activity
What role does the consumer play in the target costing system?
• Required level of functionality of a product at a given price
• Project next ten years consumer preferences to get a conceptual design
How does Nissan determine the target margin for a new product?
• Price/margin curves for different mixes using simulation
• Many variations are run to examine combinations of price, volume and product mix
• Determine robustness mix-probability of new model success and failure
What role does profitability play in the target costing system?
• Target cost is derived because sales and profits are fixed.
• Profits are fixed as part of sales
• Sales becomes the only focus
• If sales are achieved, profits must follow
• Employees,customers, creditors, shareholders
What is allowable cost? Draft target cost? Final target cost?
• Allowable cost=target price-target margin• Establishes the level of cost reductions
required through value engineering• Allowable cost is adjusted to the required
functionality across components• Draft target cost includes only
manufacturing cost• Final target cost includes assembly cost
also
What is the role of suppliers in target costing?
• With 70 percent outsourced components, suppliers play a critical role, they are the partners
• Incentives in the form of regular orders
• Technical innovation can be shared
What is the role of accountant?
• Final control
• Japanese believe in multi-functional skills and pre-production accounting
• The idea of control is replaced by empowerment and ownership
Why is there no attempt to reduce the cost of a vehicle after it enters
production?• Shorter product life and cost benefit
analysis
• Tweaking done through kaizen
What are the prerequisites for success of Target costing?
• Good supplier relationship
• Team work
• Quality of profit orientation
Some general constructs
• Consumer analysis is inherent in target costing
• Target costing and value engineering are interrelated
• Deconstruction of target costs for new products into target costs for the components they contain
Process Summary
Process Summary
Overall summary