Assessment of Biomass availability for

biofuel production in India

Nirmala Kaushik Scientist

tifac.org.in March 12, 2019

Objectives

• To estimate amount of biomass generated from identified crops in different districts of India.

• To assess amount of surplus crop residues from identified crops.

• To assess feasibility of identified crop residues for bio-fuel production.

Collection of State/district wise /season wise crop area and production data for last 4-6 years ( 2010-2015) from MoA/ State

Governments

QA/QC checks for data obtained from MoA/ State Governments

Compilation of crop harvest index and moisture content

Calculation of Residue to crop ratio (RCR)

Estimation of State/district/season wise average crop biomass generated on dry weight basis

Mapping of State/district/season wise average crop biomass generated

Amount of crop biomass generated

S.No. Crops Growing seasons

1 Rice Kharif , Rabi , Summer

2 Wheat Rabi

3 Maize Kharif, Rabi

4 Sugarcane Kharif

5 Gram Rabi

6 Pigeon pea (tur) Kharif, Rabi

7 Soybean Kharif

8 Rapeseed Mustard Rabi

9 Groundnut Kharif, Rabi, Summer

10 Cotton Kharif, Rabi, Summer

11 Castor Kharif, Rabi

Major Crops selected for Study

Crop Average RCR % Dry Matter Fraction

Rice 1.60 0.86

Wheat 1.70 0.88

Maize 1.50 0.80

Sugarcane 0.43 0.83

Cotton 1.00 0.80

Gram 4.00 0.87

Tur 4.00 0.78

Groundnut 2.10 0.86

Mustard 3.00 0.80

Soybean 2.64 0.87

Castor 2.95 0.80

Factors used for Crop Biomass

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)State-wise total annual crop dry Biomass

Uttar Pradesh (17.99%) followed by Maharashtra (10.52%), Punjab

(8.15%) and Gujarat (6.4%) top 4 states in residue generation

Primary Research

States No. of

Districts

Crops No. of farmers

Surveyed

Bihar 4 Rice, Wheat ,Maize, Mustard,

Pigeon pea

83

Haryana 7 Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Pulses 40

Madhya Pradesh 2 Wheat, Soybean 20

Maharashtra 1 Cotton, Soybean 10

Orissa 4 Rice, Sugarcane 195

Punjab 6 Rice, Wheat , Maize, Sugarcane 45

Rajasthan 2 Soybean, Mustard, Wheat, Castor 51

Uttar Pradesh 14 Rice, Wheat , Maize, Sugarcane,

Mustard, Gram, Pigeon pea,

Groundnut, Millets, Lentils

826

Uttarakhand 1 Rice, Wheat , Maize, Sugarcane 15

West Bengal 2 Rice, Pulses 91

Total 43 1376

* Source: DST project report; Maya : IARI M.Sc. Thesis; NICRA project; MGMG

State wise surplus biomass of selected crops in India

0

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)

Surplus biomass ranged from 0 to 31.59 MT among States and top

five States contributed 62.48% of total annual surplus crop biomass

Rice

24%

Wheat

14%

Maize

3%

Sugarcane

23%

Tur

1%

Gram

5%

Soybean

6%

Rapeseed

Mustard

3%

Groundnut

2%

Cotton

17% Castor

2%

Surplus crop biomass

Surplus crop wise residue generation

178 MT (26%) of

crop biomass was

surplus. Out of this

72% generated in

Kharif, 27% in rabi

& 1% in summer

season .

Rice contributed 24% of total annual surplus dry biomass followed

by sugarcane (23%), wheat (14%) and cotton (17%). Rest 22%

surplus biomass was from other crops .

State-wise bio-ethanol potential for selected crops

Total annual BE production potential of country is 51.35 Billion

Litres from 178 MT of surplus crop biomass .

Maximum potential found in Uttar Pradesh (9588 kL) followed

by Punjab (8899 kL), Maharashtra (7406 kL), Gujarat (4205

kL) and Haryana (3034 kL) states.

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Crop/Season Area (Mha) Dry Biomass (Mt) Surplus biomass (Mt)

(% of dry biomass)

Bio-ethanol Potential

(BL)

Rice - Kharif 28.64 142.76 35.99 (25.21) 10.08

Rabi 13.33 66.51 7.27 (10.93) 2.04

Summer 2.37 15.73 0.6 (3.79) 0.17

Total 44.34 225.00 43.86 (19.49) 12.28

Wheat- Rabi 30.92 145.45 25.07 (17.24) 7.27

Maize- Kharif 7.59 21.49 4.98 (23.17) 1.47

Rabi 1.19 6.39 1.06 (16.54) 0.31

Total 8.78 27.88 6.03 (21.65) 1.78

Sugarcane 5.04 119.17 41.56 (34.87) 13.30

Gram Rabi 8.48 26.51 8.72 (32.90) 2.53

Tur - Kharif 4.04 8.94 1.7 (19.06) 0.43

Rabi 0.07 0.22 0.05 (22.80) 0.01

Total 4.11 9.17 1.76 (19.15) 0.44

Soybean- Kharif 10.69 27.78 9.95 (35.82) 2.09

Rapeseed & Mustard Rabi 5.87 17.09 5.16 (30.18) 1.60

Cotton- Kharif 11.98 66.09 29.55 (44.72) 9.16

Rabi 0.12 0.48 0.18 (37.17) 0.06

Summer 0.00 0.02 0.01 (39.34) 0.00

Total 12.10 66.58 29.74 (44.67) 9.22

Groundnut- Kharif 4.40 9.45 2.65 (28.03) 0.56

Rabi 0.56 2.15 0.96 (44.80) 0.20

Summer 0.52 1.30 0.26 (20.18) 0.06

Total 5.48 12.90 3.87 (30.02) 0.81

Castor- Kharif 1.14 4.59 3.01 (65.66) 1.08

Rabi 0.01 0.02 0 0.00

Total 1.15 4.60 3.02 (65.53) 1.09

All crops 136.97 682.13 178.74 (26.20) 52.40

All Crops

Summary and Conclusions

• Total gross sown area of 195 million ha in India and selected eleven crops occupy about 137 million Ha.

• Rice, wheat, cotton and soybean crops occupy about 72% of area.

• Total dry biomass generated is 683 MT from eleven crops in three seasons for whole India.

• ~ 26% crop biomass is surplus (178 MT) , highest in kharif season (72%) and major crops contributing to surplus are rice, sugarcane, cotton and soybean.

• Total bio-ethanol production potential of surplus crop biomass is about 51.35 Billion Litres annually.

Spatial Information System on Biomass Potential from Crop residues

Spatial Information System on Bioenergy

Spatial Information System on Bioenergy

nkaushik@nic.in

nirmala.kaushik@gmail.com

tifac.org.in