Niper Syllabus

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NIPER

ationa l Institute o f Pharmaceutica l Educa tion a nd Resea rch (NIPER) has been crea ted a

enter of excellence for higher training, research and development in pharmaceuticaliences and technology and its first institute of this kind in the country. The institute has

een decla red as an institute of na tiona l importa nce b y G overnment of Ind ia andstab lished by an act of Pa rliament.

or g enera l information go to niper web site http:/ / ww w.nip er .nic.in/

he institute offers the students various courses viz. M. Pharm, M. Tech. (Pharm), M.S.

harm.) and Ph.D. Programmes in various departments every year.

rst bring good RANK in entrance

pecialization branch you can select at time of counseling..

p resent there a re tota l eleven departments in this institute.

1. Medicinal chemistry 2. Na tura l p roducts3. Pharmacology and toxicology 4. Pharmaceutics5. Pharmaceutica l ana lysis6. Pharmaceutica l technolog y (Bulk d rugs) (chemistry )7. Pharmaceutica l technolog y (Formula tion) (Pharmaceutics)8. Pharmaceutical technology Biotechnology (PTBT)

9. Biotechnology 10. Pra ctice of pha rmacy .11. Pharmacoinformatics12. M. B. A. (Pharm)13. M. Pharm. in Clinical Research.14. M. S. (Pharm.) Toxicology.

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Dear fellows.

o live with success is to have healthier intellect. NIPER is one of the targets to achiev

uccess. We are sure you all have a very good perception of the importance of NIPERnd we are proud of being here in NIPER. We have not seen many institutes but of tuch we have seen and the much we have heard, NIPER is amongst the best. We are

ure most of you would be aspiring of being in NIPER. And those who are sure of theapabil i ty and competence should prove their metal here. Those who are determined f iheir way at their own but if footprints are their, probabil ity of success are higher. Sohis is the small attempt to help those aspiring for a career in pharmaceut ical researc

NIPER. We have compiled sets of certain points for each subject. These are just gri

or the study and are helpful for the specialization papers. You need not to be thorougit but if not thoroughly , at least you should be aware of it. None of it should be

omething heard f irst. By the way most of these are covered in B. Pharm syllabus. Fhe general paper, our experience is that one should revise the GATE preparation. Mosthe questions in general paper are quite easy . But be sure you are well prepared f or itnce this is the screening paper.

nt rance patt ern:

ell entrance consists of 200 questions in 2 hours. (Please check it in Brochure). W ell

uestions will be very easy so no need to go in depth of the topic. Basic concepts based

uestions are asked. M. Pharma branches and M.B.A. has a common entrance papero read some general knowledge aspects also.

his syllabus is just like GATE entrance but more specific in Basic Chemistry instead edicinal chemistry.

pecialization subjects: W ha t to study?

q Medicinal chemistry and Bulk Drugs (Pharmaceutical Technology)



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1. IUPAC nomenclature, R and S nomenclature, E and Z isomerism, atrop iisomerismConformations

2. Hybridization, aromaticity, Huckels rule reaction mechanisms- Electrophilic,Nucleophilic, SN1, SN2, SNi, Elimination E1 E2 etc.

3. Ester hyd ro lysis, Aac1 Aa c2 a ll e ig ht mechanisms (Jer ry march) Markovnikove

rule, Bred ts rule, Stereoselectivity , stereospecif icity, reg ioselectivity , chemoselectivchirality, stereochemistry, conformations, rearrangements, acids and bases.

4. Imine-enamine Tautomer ism, keto-enol ta utomer ism, pericyclic reactions, ra cemicmixture , resolution method s.

5. Amino acids proteins, various methods for amino acid detection, Ninhydrin test,pep tid e seq uencing, structures of amino a cids, essentia l a nd nonessentia l a mino a c

6. Introduction to thermal methods of analy sis like, TG A, DSC, DTA e tc.7. Carbohydrates classification, osazone test, mutarotation, etc,

8. Various Heterocycles, Heterocycle synthesis, reactions.9. Introduction to Redox reactions.

10. Spectroscopy: (basics specially): Very very IMP topic.NMR, and C-NMR ra nges

f rom Morr ison & Boyd or Pavia Mass -Basic concepts about various peaks M+1

molecular ion, base peak etc.(Silverstein)IR - Frequencies of various groups

specially carbonyls.UV11. Chromatog ra phy: Details of every chromatog ra phic method .12. Rea ction kinetics, fir st second third and pseudo f irst order rea ctions, rad io la beling

f or determina tion of mechanism.13. Common condensa tion rea ctions like Ald ol, Cla isen Perkin, Dickmann, Darzen etc.14. Other reactions like Cannizarros reaction, Prins reaction, especially reactions of

ca rb onyl compounds.

eferences:

Jerry Ma rch

Morrison and Boyd (ESPECIALLY Peptide and Carbohydrate chemistry)

I. L. Finar Vo l-I a nd Vol-II (Heterocyclic chemistry and organic synthesis)



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Eliel

q Natural Products:

natural products more stress should be given on phytochemistry part rather thanological aspects.

1. Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products. Varioussep a ra tion techniques used f or isola tion of na tura l p rod ucts.

2. Biosynthetic pathways.3. Primary metabolites, their examples.4. Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (e.g. Alkaloids,

glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanidineetc.). Here most imp. Part is chemistry of these classes.

5. Important therapeutic classes: antidiabetics, hepatoprotectives, immmunomodulatoneutraceutica ls, na tural p rod ucts f or gynecologica l d isord ers, anti-cancer, anti-vira(mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.

6. Dietary antioxid ants, Ma rine na tura l p rod ucts, Plant g row th regula tors.7. Spectroscop y: Basic concep ts of UV, NMR, IR and Mass spectroscop y. G ive more

stress on IR and NMR.8. Stereochemistry: Basic concepts.9. Fischer, sawhorse a nd newmon p rojection f ormula es.

10. Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)11. Standa rd ization of natura l p rod ucts.12. W ha t is d if f erence b etween na tura l p rod ucts and pharmacognosy?

eferences:

For various therapeutic classes: Trease and Evans

For spectroscop y: Silverstein, Pavia , Kemp .

For stereochemistry: I.L. Finar vol-II

q Pharmacology and toxicology:



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1. Pharmacokinetics, pha rmacodynamics, pharmacolog ica l ef f ect, desired , undesiredtoxic, adverse effects.

2. Bioa va ilab ility , bioequiva lence, var ious f actors of ADME. (From Bra mhankar)3. Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.4. Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, protein binding, drug

d istrib ution, d istrib ution volume, excretion pa thways etc.5. Pharmacolog ical screening : genera l p rincip les, various screening models, screening

methodologies (in vitro and in vivo tests).6. Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.7. Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors8. Detailed study of CNS pha rmacology 9. Study of basis of threshold a rea s of work in NIPER in pharmacolog y dep t. mention

in brochure.

10. Disea ses: study of the p ha rmacology of the d isea ses and d rugs used with mod e ofaction especially of d iabetes, ma la ria , leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocard ia lischemia, inflammation, and immunomodualtion.

11. Chemothera py and pa thophysiology - knowled ge of antibiotics, their mode of actiand the microorganisms responsib le f or va rious common d isea ses.

12. Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.

eferences:

Rang and Dale (ALL CHEMOTHERAPY CLASSES OF DRUGS. IF YOU READ THEWHOLE BOOK, then nothing else is needed)

F. S. K. Barar

W ilson and G riswo ld (for Mechanism)

Kasture (for Bioassay and Screening)

q Pharmaceutics and formulation (Pharmaceuticl Technology)

1. Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various re lea se pa ttereg. Controlled release, delayed release. Sustained release etc., order of release.



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O ra l controlled DDS, fa ctors a f f ecting controlled relea se.

2. Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactantp rote ins, lip ids, prod rugs etc.

3. Tra nsdermal d rug delivery systems (TDDS): pr incip les, absorp tion enhancers,evaluation of TDDS.

4. Parenterals: requirements, advantages, disadvantages, release pattern, route ofdrug d elivery.

5. Drug targeting: microspheres, nano particles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, et6. Preformulation detailed.7. Complexation, solubilization, polymerization, viscosity measurements.8. Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form.9. Ad d itives of f ormula tion, typ es, exa mples, ad vantag es, disadvantag es, drug

excip ient intera ction, incompa tib ility , va rious types of incompa tib ilities.

10. Dosage forms: solid (tablets, capsules, pills etc), liquid (emulsion, suspension etc),sterile (injectab les), aerosols. Princip les, advantages, d isadvantages and p rob lem

11. Coating - in detail.12. Packag ing : mater ia ls, lab eling e tc. Types of containers (e.g . Tamper-p roof

containers)13. In process controls, Product specification, documentation.14. Compartmenta l modeling. (From Bra mhankar)15. Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies. Methods of improvement of oral

bioavailabil i ty.16. Eva lua tion of f ormula tion, p rincip les and method s of relea se control in ora l

formulations.

eferences:

Lachmann (ALL new and old techniques in Pharmaceutical Industry)

Alfred Martin (ALL physical chemistry BASICS)

Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences

Notes of Gudsurkar Sir (Most important)



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Banker series.

other: Bramhankar, , Liberman Series

q Pharmaceutical analysis:

1. Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf lifedetermination, thermal stability, formulation stability.

2. Va rious ana ly tica l techniques3. Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests,

d isinteg ra tion a nd d issolution tests.4. Spectroscopic methods; UV, NMR, IR, MS, FT-IR, FT-NMR, ATR (Attenuated Total

Ref lectance), FT-Raman- basics and app licat ions.5. Thermal techniques: DSC, DTA, TGA, etc.6. Particle sizing : law of d if f ra ction.7. Electrophoresis: capillary electrophoresis.8. Chromatography- detailed.9. Q A a nd Q C: G LP, TQ M, ISO system.

10. Preformulation, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds11. Solubility: pH, pka, surfactant HLB values, Rheology.

12. Crysta llinity , poly morp hism, solva tes and hyd ra tes, cry sta l hab its, porosity , surf acearea f low prop ert ies.

13. Dosage f orms, Stages of dosage f orm development14. Osmolality, osmolarity, osmotic pressure, conductivity, Preservatives, Media for

bioassay.

eferences:

Willard

Silverstein (Mass Spectroscopy)

W illiam Kemp (NMR)



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Pavia (for spectroscopy)

Others like Alfred Martin, Chatwal (UV), Garry Christen (Chemical Methods)

q Biotechnology:, Pharmaceutical technology biotechnology

1. Genetic Engg: Gene expression, mutation, replication, transcription, translation,recombination, bacteriophages.

2. Cloning: methods, isolation of nucleic acids, enzymes in cloning (restrictionendonuclea ses, DNA lig ase, DNA gy ra se, poly mera ses etc...), f unctions of theseenzymes, Pallindromes.

3. Fermentation: fermenters, fermentation process, its regulation, conditions,

bioprocessors, various enzymes in fermentation technology. Fermentation of

Antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, hydroxy acids such as lactic acid etc.Chemical engg. aspects realated to fermentation

4. G ene therap y: methods and app lica tions.5. Monoclonal antibodies, insulin, interferons, enkephalins, angiotensin analogues and

other p ep tides.

eferences:

Vyas and Dixit

IP Appendices

q Practice of Pharmacy:

he best part for the preparation for this best reference for this would be Remingtonsharmaceutical Sciences. This branch is quite new here, so till dates students of branch usd o case study of p rescrip tions in Fortis hosp ita l, PG I Chand igarh and govt. colleg e chdis is much like p ha rmacolog y and d rug-d rug intera ctions and d if f erent interactions a re

mphasized . Diab etes, hea rt d isea ses a re main a rea of study .

q Pharmacoinformatics:



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erminologies related with new emerging informatics e.g. proteomics, genomics, QSAR (2D, regression, correlation).

eferences:

oy e, W illiams and Lemke, Med icinal chemistry , 5 th/ 6 th edition, chapter 1-6.

Computational drug design and molecular modeling).

q Others:

atistics, general mathematics and aptitude questions. Use MBA entrance test books likeET or CAT in MBA. Additionally some general awareness questions.

IPERs thrust areas are:

q Microbial and viral diseases: Yeast, and fungi.q Parasitic and tropical diseases: Malaria, Leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, etc.q Metabolic Disord ers: Diabetesq Strokesq Pep tide and ca rb ohydra te chemistry .q G enomics and p roteomics: yea st a nd f ung i

q Hormonal disorders: TRH related diseases.