2-st roke Engines

The Gentlemen who gave his name ….. …Is with you today!

Nikolaus August Otto Germany: * 1832 ----- † 1891 Since 1936 all “Reciprocating piston engines with induced ignition” are called Otto engines. • Founder of the first “engine factory” in the world 1864.

• Gold medal at the 1867 Paris EXPO for the

presentation of an efficient Gas engine.

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© Wärtsilä

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Around 1850‘s

Around 1950‘s

Step changes in the history of merchant shipping

The Sulphur Cap 2020/25 will make LNG No.1 fuel for shipping!

Around 2020‘s

Residual Fuels Coal and Steam

2-st roke Engines

Basic Gas engine technologies

Gas injection engine with High-pressure technology:

Wärtsilä X-DF engine with Low-pressure technology:

‘Pre-mixed lean-burn’ combust ion

ScavengingCompression/ gas

admissionIgnition expansion

Scavenging/ compression

Pilot & HP gasinjection Expansion

Direct injection, diffus ion combustion

Otto cycle Diesel cycle

Shown for two-stroke engines

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2-st roke Engines

43 years perfecting low pressure technology Low pressure Otto engines are the industrial standard for burning gas as fuel in land based and marine installations!

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1972 – launch of 7RNMD90, Low-Pressure DF Engine for 29,000 m3 LNGC, ‘MV Venator’, Moss Yard, Norway 2-stroke

1986 – testing High-Pressure DF Engine 6RTA84 at IHI, Japan 2-stroke

1995 – Low-Pressure Dual-Fuel Engine Break through in marine segment 4-stroke

2013 – Low-Pressure Dual-Fuel Engine 2-stroke

1987 – High-Pressure Gas-Diesel Engine 4-stroke

1992 – Low-Pressure Spark-Ignited Engine 4-stroke

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Beginning introducing modern gas engines with well known diesel process (high-pressure)

Perfecting gas engines with low-pressure dual-fuel technology

ready for the future

© WinGD, Marine Money Singapore 23 September 2015, Rolf St iefel

2-st roke Engines

2-stroke low-pressure dual-fuel concept

‘Pre-mixed lean-burn’ combustion

Scavenging Compression/ gas admission

Ignit ion expans ion

The merits Low gas pressure < 16bar

− Simple and reliable gas supply system

− Simple gas sealing

− Wide selection of proven compressors/ pumps (piston or centrifugal)

Lean-Burn ‘Otto’ combustion means IMO Tier III compliance:

− Without additional equipment (EGR/SCR)

− Without additional fuel consumption

− Without compromised component reliability

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2-st roke Engines

Environmental aspects

Tier3!

-25% -25%-25%

-37%

-99%-96%

-98%

-85%

LP HP

High-pressure technology: Some environmental benefit compared to HFO engines.

Low-pressure technology: Benchmarking environmentally-friendly low-pressure technology!

++ +

++: great benefit, +: benefit, : meets requirements, −: drawback, −− : significant drawback

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Development challenges

High-pressure technology: - Providing high pressure (≥300 bar)

gas to engine, i.e. gas supply system - Handling of high pressure gas on

engine and in engine room

The high pressure will always be a challenge needs more equipment triggering higher Maintenance cost

Low-pressure technology: - Gas handling system proven

technology - Gas admission to combustion

chamber - Ensuring proper homogeneous lean

gas-air mixture

Managed with fully electronically controlled engines and existing well proven Technology

+

++: great benefit, +: benefit, : meets requirements, −: drawback, −− : significant drawback

2-st roke Engines

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Eff iciency

High-pressure technology:

Low-pressure technology:

At high engine loads the low-pressure Otto cycle engine has same or better efficiency than the high-pressure Diesel cycle engine. In part-load the high pressure engine has the better efficiency. The overall system performance taking Gas handling and Tier III operation in the equation is very similar though!

+ +

++: great benefit, +: benefit, : meets requirements, −: drawback, −− : significant drawback

2-st roke Engines

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2-st roke Engines

2-stroke X-DF engine portfolio

Covered vessel segment s: • LNG Carriers

• Cont ainer Vessels 1,000 – 22,000 TEU

•Tankers • Product • Aframax • Suezmax • (VLCC)

• Bulkers

• Handysize • Handymax • Panamax • Kamsarmax • Capesize

Right engine available fro any vessel type! Wärtsilä X engines can be retrofitted to X-DF engines.

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2-st roke Engines

33 References for X-DF Engines*

Firm orders Vessel type W-XDF engine Licensee

X62DF 175k DWT LNG carrier 10 engines 143,100 kW

Doosan

50DF 14k DWT LNG Carrier 15k DWT Chemical Carrier 1,400 TEU container vessel 15k DWT Asphalt tanker

13 engines 110,880 kW

YCMP DU

X72DF 174k DWT LNG carrier 10 engines 161,250 kW

HHI-EMD Doosan

* as of August 2015

…and more than 1300 Wärtsilä medium-speed DF engines © WinGD, Marine Money Singapore 23 September 2015, Rolf St iefel 10

2-st roke Engines

Benefits from Low pressure gas engine:

Crit eria Ot t o cycle versus Diesel cycle DF engines

Investment cost Less than half costs for low pressure gas supply system compare to high pressure

Fuel costs Similar costs for the whole system (Gas, diesel pilot & auxiliaries)

Maintenance Lower maintenance costs for low pressure inject ion and gas supply system

Gas operat ing range Operat ion from idle to 100% load – no limitat ion

Emissions / Tier3 No emission after t reatment system required for NOx (as EGR or SCR) or future PM regulat ions

© WinGD, Marine Money Singapore 23 September 2015, Rolf St iefel 11

2-st roke Engines

Mr. Otto`s Conclusions

Low-pressure X-DF is the technology of choice and the industry standard for gas burning! Operational experience from over 1000 4-s DF

engines incorporated into X-DF engine design Reliability, safety, performance and emissions

results confirmed on RT-flex50DF and W-X72DF test engines First engines passed successfully shop trials and

will go into operation in 2016 The only technology being environmental friendly

during 100% of the trip, not only in ECA zone The Otto cycle engines make shipping

environmental friendly while burning Hydrocarbon fuel. Biggest Otto cycle engine in the world

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Slide Title [Arial 24pt]

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The most complete Marine Offering on earth

www.wingd.com

Cont act informat ion

Rolf St iefel Vice President , Sales & Market ing Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd. Rolf.st iefel@wingd.com

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