NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 1

NH3 emissions: Comparison of slurry spreaders:Measurements by Möscha GbR, 02.06.2016

Test#1 ("Oberroth"), 18.05.2016, wind force 1, air temperature 22°C, sunshine

swivelling sp., loc#1 8 ppm

swivelling sp., loc#2 8 ppm

splash plate 16 ppm 100 ppm

Test#2 ("Huber GbR"), 02.06.2016, wind force 3, air temperature 14°C, overcast sky

swivelling sp. 2 ppm 27 ppm 22 ppm

splash plate 4 ppm 41 ppm 41 ppm

dribble bar 0 ppm 22 ppm 35 ppm

trailing shoe 0 ppm 18 ppm 18 ppm

Conclusion:

1. Significant difference between swivelling and splah plate spreader (approx. by factor of 2).

2. No big difference between dribble hose and swivelling spreaders. More and better measurements necessary.

meas. date#1 meas. date#2 meas. date#3

meas. date#1 meas. date#2

60 ppm

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 2

Swivelling sp.

Splash plate

Swivelling sp.

Comparison of slurry spreaders.Swivelling vs splash plate spreader.Test#1, 18.05.2016, meas. date#1.All measurements 10cm above ground. Swivelling spreader: 8 ppm NH3

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 3

Bucket upside-down, meas. after 8 minutes.

Meas. NH3 values:- Swivelling spreader: 60 ppm- Splash plate:100 ppm

Comparison of slurry spreaders.Swivelling vs splash plate spreader.Test#1, 18.05.2016, meas. date#2.All measurements within buckets. Swivelling sp.

Splash plate

Swivelling sp.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 4

Test#2: Measurements on 02.06.2016 at Huber GbR (Germany, Meßstetten, near Albstadt)

centrifugal pump tanker with splash plate (downward-spreading),lobe pump tanker with Möscha swivelling spreader,tankers with dribble bar and trailing shoe

approximate slurry application with all tankers: 22.000 liters/acre

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 5

Remarks on the test setup:Buckets with sharp edge5l bucket, material PP, cleaned by dishwasher, with drill hole for extracting air of the inside by the measurementdevice (drill hole only opened for measurment);The buckets were pushed into the ground, the sharp edge was at least 5mm under the surface of the grasslandto ensure tightness. However, there was a potential source of error: no weights on the buckets shaking?

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 6

Swivelling spreader photos

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 7

Splash plate photos

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 8

Dribble bar photos

Blue buckets: With the dribble bar lifted, the amount ofslurry from left to rigth could be measured.High variation is obvious, thus no even spreading is given.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 9

Trailing shoe photos

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 10

Measurement of NH3 by MöschaGbR: Principle.

Method and equipment have been double-checked by the measurement specialistSEWERIN on 18.05.2016 during a field test in Oberroth.Measurement range: 0 – 100ppm air concentration of NH3, accuracy +/- 1ppm.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 11

Measurement of NH3 by Möscha GbR: Result.

Environment: There was a side wind with an approximate strength of 3, temperature 14°C, overcast sky.

For each spreader, three measurements were done (one bucket for each spreader, always at same location):

Meas. date#1, without bucket: 7min after the slurry was spread, directly in the air, 4cm above the ground

Meas. date#2, with bucket: 15min after the slurry was spread, a representative location was chosen where onewhite bucket was pressed into the ground. After that there was a waiting period of 10min. Afther the waitingperiod, a first measurement of the NH3 concentration of the air within the bucket was performed.The measurement device does extract only a very small amout of air, so the measurment didn´t change theinside of the bucket significantly. After that, the drill hole of the bucket was closed again.

Meas. date#3, with bucket: 20min after date#2, the NH3 concentration of the air within the bucket was measured again.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 12

Photos of test#2, measurement date#2

swivelling: 27ppm – splash plate: 41ppm – dribble bar: 22ppm – trailing shoe: 18ppm

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 13

Photos of test#2, measurement date#3

swivelling: 22ppm – splash plate: 41ppm – dribble bar: 35ppm – trailing shoe: 18ppm

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 14

Recommendation for upcoming tests

• For the investigation of each spreader, 4 buckets should be used. This enables to identify different kinds of errors (e.g. no tightness, location ofmeasurement not representative). All buckets with unique ID, clearlymarked, each bucket position documented in plan and by photo.

• All buckets beaten with a hammer into the ground, and then fixed thereby an additional weight of at least 2kg to avoid movement = leakage.

• Video recording during measurements, where a watch is placed next tothe measurement unit. This enables later on to note the measurementvalues with respect to time, and to identify potential errors.

• Continous measurement of environmental conditions (wind strength, airtemperature, ground temperature, sun light).