Ngsdh Final

7/29/2019 Ngsdh Final

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NG SDH/ASONDeveloped & Delivered By:

Dr Muhammad Khalil Shahid

Associate Professor, ICT, PTCL, Islamabad


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COURSE OBJECTIVESTo provide participants with clear understanding and practical knowledge of

next generation SDH and ASONAt the end of this course participants will be able to:

Understand Essentials of transmission

Understand the major components of NGSDH

Understand the Equipment and Line protection of NGSDH

Outline the Limitations of NGSDH

Outline the classification of Ethernet Services

Configure different services through NMS (Huawei iManagerT2000)

Outline the structure of ASON

Understand different service types in ASON


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COURSE OUTLINE Introduction & Overview

NGSDH Components and Protection

NGSDH Features

Hardware (OSN 3500)

Ethernet Services & Configuration

ASON


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Introduction & Overview


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Transport Network A Transmission Network which has abilities of

Manageability, Scalability, have QoS and Fast

Protection is called TransportNetwork

Earlier systems up to PDH were considered asTransmission system. SDH introduces the new

term TransportNetwork


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Transmission FundamentalsSome basic concepts in Transmission are:

Modulation

Demodulation

Line coding Multiplexing

De-multiplexing


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Optical Communication System


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Telecommunication BandsOptical telecommunication in the near & short infrared is technically often separated Or

O-band 1,2601,360 nm ---------- Original

E-band 1,3601,460 nm ---------- Extended

S-band 1,460

1,530 nm------------- Short wavelengthC-band 1,5301,565 nm----------- Conventional

L-band 1,5651,625 nm------------ Long Wavelength

U-band 1,625

1,675 nm-----------Ultra long wave length


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Optical Windows


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Attenuation

Dispersion

Limiting Factors


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1111

Attenuation Due to impurities in glass

In fabrication

Bad connectors

Insertion losses

pulse can be weaker


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OnOff

On

1 0 1

On Off On On Off On

1 0 1

On On On

1 1 1

Off Off Off

0 0 0

ReceiverThreshold

ExcessiveDispersion

BitError

Excessivedispersion &(attenuation)

Bit


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SM Optical Fiber DispersionCharacteristics

Dispersion coefficient(ps/nm Km)

G.655 fiber with positivedispersion coefficient

G.653 fiber

(nm)15501310

G.652 fiber17

G.655 fiber with negativedispersion coefficient


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Evolution Of Transport Technologies PCM

PDH

SDH

NGSDH/Ethernet/RPR WDM/ROADM/OTN


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SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDH is a hierarchical set of digital transport

structures, standardized for the transport of

suitably adapted payloads over physicaltransmission networks

An integrated transmission network managed by

a powerful network management system


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SDH

A standard developed by the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU)

It is documented in standard G.707 and its

extension G.708

Developed to replace the Plesiochronous

Digital Hierarchy (PDH) system

Allow interoperability between equipment

from different vendors with Strong NetworkManagement capabilities


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STM-1: 155.52 Mbps

STM-4: 622.08 Mbps

STM-16: 2.488.32 Gbps

STM-64: 9.95 Gbps

STM-256: 40 Gbps

SDH Bit Rates


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MUXMUXREG

Path Section

MS

MSMSMultiplex Section

Multiplex Section

Multiplex Section

RS

SDH Link Structure

Regenerator Section

Sub network


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RS, MS, AND Path OverheadsDifference among POH, MSOH, & RSOH

Term

Mux

Term

MuxAdd-Drop

Mux

Repeater Repeater

POH

MSOH

RSOH

Path OH end to end circuit

Multiplex Section OH multiplexerto multiplexer

Regenerator Section OH repeaterto adjacent node or vice versa


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STM Performance Monitoring AndManagement RSOH, MSOH and POH provide monitoring and

management function for different layers/levels

of STM-N frame

For STM-64 frame: RSOH monitors the overall transmission

performance of STM-64 signal

MSOH monitors the performance of individual

STM-1s

POH monitors each low-rate signal (e.g., 2

Mbps)


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Mapping & Multiplexing Procedures

STM-NxN x1

C-12VC-12VC-4 TUG-2AUG-4 AU-4 TU-12 2Mb/s

Code rate

adjustment

LO POH

TU PTR

AU PTR

x3

Multiplexing

x7 Multiplexing

HO POHxN Multiplexing

TUG-3

x3

Multiplexing


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Communication Channel

Data Communication Channel Bytes: D1~D12

These 12 bytes are provided for the transport of monitoring

& control data in Network Management System.

D1-D3 belongs to RSOH, bandwidth is 3x64 kb/s

D4-D12 belongs to MSOH, bandwidth is 9x64 kb/s

D1-D12 are transmitted in STM-1#1 of STM-N only.

OAM Massages: performance,alarm, operation commands etc.

DCC Channel

NMS


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APSAutomatic Protection Switching (APS) bytes: K1, K2

(bits:b1-b5)

Used for network multiplex protection switch function

K1 & K2 only transmitted in STM-1 #1 of STM-N

Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication (MS-RDI): K2(b6-b8)

Return alarm message from Rx to Tx

Indicate Rx receiving alarm

K2 (b6-b8) value is 110


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Detect

K2 (b6~b8)

111

Generate MS-

AIS

Return MS-

RDI

Y

N

Normal

Operation

K1 & K2 Bytes


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Clock Quality SSM indicates the status & quality level of SDH signal

Value indicates quality level of available clock source (b5-b8)

0010 = G.811 = External Clock (Cesium)

0100 = G.812 = Transit Exchange Clock Signal (Rubidium)1000 = G.812 = Local Exchange Clock Signal (Rubidium orCrystal)

1011 = G.813 = Internal Clock (SETS) (Crystal)

1111= Not Suitable for synchronization

Only transmitted in STM-1 #1 of STM-N


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E1 Mapping In VC4TS# X+ 3 (Y-1)+ 21 (Z-1)

X= TUG-3 Location (1-3)

Y= TUG-2 Location (1-7)Z= TU-12 Location (1-3)

If E1 location is TU 2 4 3, find TS#


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Network elements are synchronized to a central clock. This central clock is

generated by a high-precision primary reference clock (PRC) unit (ITU-TG.811). This specifies an accuracy of 1 x 10 e-11. This clock signal must be distributed throughout the entire network. Ahierarchical structure is used for this. Improper synchronization causes degradation in network function, and

even total failure results

SDH Synchronization Method


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PRC

SEC1

20

SSU1

SSU10

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Cascading of timing references through a networkshould be minimized and governed by the ITUrecommendation.

Timing performance degrades as timing is passed

from clock to clock. Synchronization chains should bekept short

Synchronization Network Chain


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Normal Operating mode Holdover mode

Free-run mode

Normal

ab

b

c

d

Holdover Free-run

NE clock working mode

Synchronous Timing Unit


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Network Protection


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Line Network Protection Types

1+1 Multiplex Section Protection

1:1 Multiplex Section Protection


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Line Network 1+1 Multiplex Section ProtectionOL

OL

TR OL

OL

TR

At sending end, the STM-N signal is sent simultaneouslyover both segments of the work and protect.At receiving side, only one (work or protect) path isselected based on quality.Send Together Receive One

work route

protect routeworkor protect

CS CS


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Line Network 1:1 Multiplex SectionProtection

OL

OL

Work CSOL

OL

CS

Protection

Work

The 1:1 structure is the subset of the 1:N (where N=1)structure.It has the capacity to work in the 1+1 structure and tointerconnect with the 1+1 structure of the other end.

Protection


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Continue

In Multiplexing segment 1:1 protection Theworking payload is transmitted through the

working path while the protection path can be

used to carry extra payload which is of inferior

class. When the working path fails, the extra payload on

the protection path will be superseded by the

working payload according to APS protocol. Thus

the working payload is protected.

Under normal circumstances, 1:1 becomes 2+0.


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Basic Ring Network Protection Types 2-fiber Unidirectional Path Protection Ring

2-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section

Protection Ring

4-fiber Bidirectional Multiplex Section

Protection Ring


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2-fiber Unidirectional Path Protection Ring

It adopts 1+1 protection mode, the switching criteria is PATH-AIS, & APSprotocol is not needed.

At the source NE, the payload is send to the working path and protection pathsimultaneously. The destination NE detect and compare the coming signal fromboth paths, then determine to receive the payload of better quality.

AC

CA AC

A

B

C

D

CA

W1

W1

P1

P1

CA AC

A

BC

D

W1

P1

P1

W1

CA AC

switching


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2-fiber Bidirectional MS Protection Ring

2 fiber: Two fibers between a pair of nodes

Bi-direction: Service between two NEs use the

same section of the network and are transmitted

by reverse direction

Multiplexing Section: Protection based on MS,

protect the payload part, use APS protocol for

protection.


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Working PrincipleS1/P2

S2/P1A

C

BD

Working pathS1 & S2; under normal

situations, service aretransmitted overworking path. The firsthalf of one fiber isworking path. Taking

STM-16 as an example,1-8 AU4 are used forworking path.


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Working Principle

S1/P2

S2/P1A

C

BD

Protecting PathP1 & P2; servicestransmit alongprotection path afterswitch over. The lasthalf part of the fiber isused as protectingpath. Taking STM-16 asexample, 9-16 AU4 are

used as protectingpath.


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Working PrincipleS1/P2

S2/P1A

C

BD

Relationship

between working& protecting pathsThe protecting path ofone direction protect

the working path ofthe other direction,i.e, P1 protects S1, &P2 protects S2.


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Working PrincipleUse S1 & S2 to transmitservices.

Service AC is sent in S1through path A->B->C

Service CA is sent in S2through path C->B->A

P1 and P2 can be used to

send extra service now.

AC Tx

S1/P2

S2/P1A

C

BD

AC RxCA Tx

CA Rx


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Switching ConditionsAuto Switch Conditions:

LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, Signal Degrade


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Switching ProcedureSwitchIf the fiber betweenB and C is broken, switchingoccurs in B and C

B node: service AC crossesfrom S1 to P1, and sentthrough A->B->A->D->C

C node: service CA crossesfrom S2 to P2, and sentthrough C->D->A->B->A

AC Tx

S1/P2

S2/P1A

C

BD

AC RxCA Tx

CA Rx


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Normal state in MS-SPRING. AU4 # 1-8 used for workingchannels AU4# 9-16 used for protection& can be used for low prioritytraffic.

Time slots can be reused

High network

capacity *M*STM-N

Switching time -

25ms

Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring


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Features Of 2 Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Advantages:Time slots between two nodes can be

reused, thus increasing the transmission capacity.

Standby path P1 and P2 can be used to transmit

extra services of inferior class.

Disadvantages: longer switching time due to APS

protocol. Numbers of maximum nodes supported

by APS is limited to 16.

Transmission capacity: (k/2) x STM-N (k=no. of

nodes).


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4 Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring


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Advantages:

Time slots can be reused

High network capacity: M*STM-N

Disadvantages:

Maximum number of nodes on one ring is limited to 16

Mechanism is complicated

Expensive

Application:

Mainly STM-16 or above system Scattered traffic distribution

Backbone system



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Protection Type 2f Unidirectional PP

Ring

2f Bidirectional MSP Ring 4f Bidirectional MSP Ring

No. of Nodes K K K

Line Speed STM-N STM-N STM-N

Transmission

Capacity

STM-N K/2*STM-N k*STM-N

APS Protocol No Yes Yes

Switching Time


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Node Protection (SNCP)

Protection features:

Traffic transmit end sends concurrently, receiveend receives selectively

2 fiber unidirectional traffic (Diversely routed)

1 + 1 single-ended protectionProtection switching criteria:

Signal fail (SF)

Signal degrade (SD) Externally initiated command

SNCP


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SNCP

SNCP V MSSPRING


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SNCP Vs MSSPRING


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Network Protection Summary

SDH SONET


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SDH vs. SONET SONET can be thought of as the North

American version of SDH

The main differences are in the basic SDH andSONET frame formats, but SDH and SONET areessentially identical beyond the STS-3 signallevel

The base signal for SONET is STS-1 and thebase signal for SDH is STM-1.

STS-3c is equivalent to STM-1 and the lowertributaries can be mapped interchangeablybetween the two formats from that point on.


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Continue

In SDH, both electrical and optical signals arereferred to as STM signals.

In SONET, however, electrical signals are called

STS and optical signals are referred to as OC.


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SDH / SONET ADVANTAGES:

Strong Management capabilities

Provide guaranteed bandwidth

Provide fast recovery time from faults smaller than 50ms

DISADVANTAGES:

No support for Data services

Fixed circuits ( circuit-based)

Bandwidth inefficiency

Only one node can transmit at a time

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NGSDH Features


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SDH Problems The traffic type is changing Challenge How to use bandwidth efficiently for

both voice and data traffic

Lack of fine granularity to accommodate allpotential clients stream rates

WHY NGSDH


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WHY NGSDH

Data traffic is growing exponentially

Accommodating this traffic is must

Data traffic handling is limitation of SDH

Need for new system which can support data


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WHY NGSDH The data packet transport (Ethernet, PPP) is a

challenge for SDH

This is because they are connectionless, use

statistical multiplexing, and can be best-effort

technologies This is the opposite of SDH which is predictable

and based on time division multiplexing (TDM)

Continue


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Continue.

Two options

Some modification to existing SDH

Metro Ethernet

First option will save investment already made in

SDH

No need for major modification


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NGSDH- Ethernet Over SDH


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Ethernet Over SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

METRO NETWORK

SDH

Ring-1

SDH

Ring-2


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NG SDH Drivers The drive to SDH Next Generation development

was:The desire to find one simple encapsulation

method that was capable of accommodating

any data packet protocols

Secondly, the need to use bandwidth

accurately

Solution A new adaptation protocol layer is

required and a new mapping mechanism forcontrolling bandwidth use

What is NGSDH


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What is NGSDH Next-generation SDH is the evolution and

enhancement of existing SDH networks

It improves network efficiency and broadband

service potential

SDH Next Generation enables transporting data

efficiently, without needing to replace theinstalled equipment base

The only change needed to update the network

is to replace the edge nodes

The network is then ready to transport Ethernet

What is NGSDH


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What is NGSDH

SDH with Data handling capability Simply addition of 3 functions to accommodate

Data traffic (to encapsulate Ethernet frame)

Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

Continue.


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These functions are implemented on the new

MSSP nodes which are located at the edges ofthe network

They interact with the client data packets that

are aggregated over the SDH/SONET backplanethat continues unchanged

This means that the MSSPs represent the SDH

Next Generation embedded in the legacy SDH

network

Next Generation SDH


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The architectures are increasingly demanding

long haul transport that today can only beprovided by SDH/DWDM having a massive

installed base, developed over recent decades


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NG SDH Network

GFP

VCAT

LCAS

SDH

GFP

VCAT

LCAS

SDHSDH SDH

Client SDH NGExisting SDH SDH NG Client

Mapping in Frames

Virtual containersTransport

Bandwidth management

NG SDH

PDH

Ethernet

VPN

PDH

Ethernet

VPN

Paths,

Section

Paths,

Section

MSSP*MSSP


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NG-SDH Features NG SDH enables operators to provide more data

transport services while increasing the efficiencyof installed SDH base

The technology is implemented in the edgenodes only, no need to install an overlap networkor migrating all the nodes

This reduces the cost per bit delivered, and willattract new customers while keeping legacyservices


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NG SDH Nodes Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP)

Includes SDH multiplexing, sometimes with add-drop,

plus Ethernet ports, sometimes packet multiplexing

and switching, sometimes WDM

Multiservice Switching Platform (MSSP)MSPP with a large capacity for TDM switching

Optical Edge Device (OED)

An MSSP with no WDM functions


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NG SDH Nodes Multiservice Transport Node (MSTN)

An MSPP with feature-rich packet switching

Multiservice Access Node (MSAN)

An MSPP designed for customer access, largely via

copper pairs carrying Digital-Subscriber Line (DSL)

services


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GENERIC FRAMING PROTOCOL Defined in ITU-T G.7041

Its a mechanism for mapping constant and

variable bit rate data over a transport network

like synchronous SDH frames

GFP support many types of protocols


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GENERIC FRAMING PROTOCOL In any case GFP adds a very low overhead to

increase the efficiency of the optical layer

The client signals can be protocol data unit

(PDU) oriented (like IP/PPP or Ethernet Media

Access Control) or can be block-code oriented

GFP Frame


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GFP Frame

GFP-F Modes


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Currently, two modes of client signal adaptation are

defined for GFP: Frame-Mapped GFP (GFP-F) Its a layer 2 encapsulation PDU-oriented adaptation mode

GFP-F entirely maps one complete client frame into a single GFPframe

Idle packets are not transmitted resulting in more efficient

transport GFP-F is used where the client signal is framed or packetized by

the client protocol e.g., Ethernet, PPP/IP and HDLC-like protocols

To perform the encapsulation process it is necessary to receivethe complete client packet, but this procedure increases thelatency

Specific mechanisms are required to transport each type ofprotocol

GFP-T


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Transparent GFP (GFP-T) Its a layer 1 encapsulation or block-code oriented adaptation

mode

Transparent GFP (GFP-T) is a protocol-independentencapsulation method in which all client code words are decodedand mapped into GFP frames

The frames are transmitted immediately without waiting for theentire client data packet to be received

It is used to adapt block-oriented client data (Gigabit Ethernet,Fiber Channel and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB))

GFP-T can adapt multiple protocols as long as they are based on

8B/10B line coding This line codes are transcoded to 64B/65B and then

encapsulated into fixed size GFP-T frames

GFP-F and GFP-T Comparison


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Byte GFP-F GFP-T

Protocol Transparency Low High

Efficiency High Low

Delay-sensitive protocols No Yes

Encapsulation Protocol Level Layer 2 Layer 1Optimized for Ethernet SAN, DVB

Statistical multiplexing of

several client signals

Yes No

SAN transport No Yes

Ethernet transport Optimum Possible

Concatenation


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Concatenation is the process of summing the bandwidth

ofX containers into a larger container It is well indicated for the transport of big payloads

requiring a container greater than VC-4

But it is also possible to concatenate low-capacity

containers, such as VC-11 or VC-12 There are two concatenation methods

Contiguous concatenation

Virtual concatenation

Contiguous Concatenation


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It creates big containers that cannot split into

smaller pieces during transmission

For this, each NE must have a concatenation

functionality


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Contiguous

Concatenation

Virtual concatenation


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It transports the individual VCs and aggregates

them at the end point of the transmission path

For this, concatenation functionality is only

needed at the path termination equipment


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Virtual

Concatenation

Virtual Concatenation


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VCAT

No Concatenation

2.5 Gbps OC-

48/STM-16packed at nearly88% efficiency

Gig Ethernet(1.0/1.2 Gbps)

STS-3c-7v/VC-4-7v(1050 Mbps)

Data

ESCON(160/200 Mbps)

STS-1-4v/VC-3-4v

(196 Mbps)SAN

STS-3/STM-1(150 Mbps)

TDMOC-3/STM-1(155 Mbps)

2.5 Gbps OC-48/STM-16 low

efficiency

Gig Ethernet(1.0/1.2 Gbps)

1050 Mbps

Data

150 Mbps

TDMOC-3/STM-1

(155 Mbps)

155 Mbps STM-1high efficiency

ESCON(160/200 Mbps)

196 Mbps

SAN

622 Mbps OC -23/STM-4 low

efficiency

VCAT Efficiency


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VCAT Efficiency

Contiguous and Virtual Concatenation


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Comparison Contiguous concatenation is less bandwidth-

efficient than virtual concatenation

Virtual concatenation (VCAT) is a solution that

allows granular increments of bandwidth in single

VC-n units

Contiguous and Virtual Concatenation


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ComparisonService Bit Rate Contiguous

Concatenation

Virtual

Concatenation

Ethernet 10 Mbps VC-3 (20%) VC-11-7v (89%)

Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps VC-4 (67%) VC-3-2v (99%)

Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps VC-4-16c(42%) VC-4-7v (95%)

Fiber Channel 1700 Mbps VC-4-16c(42%) VC-4-12v (90%)

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme


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It is standardized by the ITU-T as G.7042

LCAS is a signaling protocol for sizing virtually

concatenated paths

With LCAS, VCG can be resized at any time

without disturbing network traffic LCAS can add and remove members of a VCG

to match the variable bit rate patterns and the

burst nature of most data networks

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme


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LCAS signaling messages are exchanged to

change the number of VC between the source

and the destination of the path

The number of VC can be increased or

decreased without any frames lost thereforeincreasing or decreasing the capacity of the VCG

link

Transmission Of Frames


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Protection Through LCAS


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Protection Through LCAS

NGSDH Limitations


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Engineered for voice not for data

Static bandwidth allocation Inefficient bandwidth utilization

Complicated service provisioning. Creating an

end-to-end circuit takes many steps

Ethernet rates do not match SDH rates

High cost of bandwidth change

Practical Considerations


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C

Inclusion of one Card (ETF Board in Huawei

Optix 2500+) in traditional SDH Sub-rack Up-gradation of Software at NMS (if Ethernet

Functinality not included in T2000)

Pure NGSDH Systems (like Huawei OSN series)

some differences include:

No need to delete Traffic for deleting Protection

Optical Interfaces are plug-able, no need to

replace full card Support ASON


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Hardware (OSN 3500)

OSN3500


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Huawei NGSDH series

OSN stands for Optical Switch Node

Intelligent (support ASON)

OSN 3500 Intelligent Features


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g

Service level agreement (SLA)

Topology automatic discovery function

Automatic end-to-end service configuration

Support mesh networking and protection

Traffic engineering

Supports RPR

Sub rack with Boards (OSN3500)


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Cabinet Indicators


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Subrack


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Slot Access Capacity


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Continue


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Continue


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System Architecture


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Board Appearance and Dimensions


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Functions of SL64


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Optical Port Parameters


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SDH Boards


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Continue


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Slots for SL64 & SF64


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Functional Block Diagram SL64


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Indicators


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Indicators


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Board Hardware_ STAT Indicator

Service Activation_ ACT Indicator

PDH Boards with Slot Allocation


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Continue


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PDH Board Function


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Alarms


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Ethernet Boards


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Ethernet Boards Slots


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Functions


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Features of EFS4


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Supports bandwidth auto-sensing

Supports MPLS

Supports LCAS

Supports Port based flow control

Supports receiving and transmitting Ethernet testing

frame

Supports inloop at Ethernet port and inloop and outloop

at VC3 level

Supports port level Ethernet performance monitoring

Supports EPL/EPLAN/EVPL/EVPLAN services and QoS

Indicators


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Continue


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Ethernet Board Indicators


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Ethernet Unit Alarms


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Cross Connect & SCC Boards


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Capacity of Cross Connect Boards


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Alarms


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GSCC

S t NE ID tti b ft


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Support NE ID setting by software

Supports 1+1 hot backup Supports 40 DCC

Processes Order-wire bytes

Controls cabinet indicators and intelligent fans

Collects and monitors alarms and performance

events

Monitors power supply

Supports ASON intelligent function

Inserted in slot 18 (Active) and/or Slot 17 (Standby

SCC Unit Functions


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SCC Databases


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Alarms


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AMP & Dispersion Compensation Boards


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DCU


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Continue


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Equipment Protection

TPS Protection


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Working Protection Relationship


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Ethernet Board Protection


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Equipment Protection Slots


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Equipment Protection Summary


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ETHERNET SERVICES OVER NGSDH

EthernetIEEE 802 3


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IEEE 802.3

Ethernet is the most widespread layer 2frame based computer networking technology

forLANs

Ethernet transport services can run over

almost any infrastructure like SDH,WDM,wireless and even copper facilities

Ethernet And Transport Rate Convergence


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Basic Concepts


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PortExternal physical port of Ethernet unit, the

common rates of external port are 10M, FE, GE

and 10GE;

VC Trunk

Virtual Container Trunk, VC Trunk is built by VC.

It is the internal port of Ethernet unit.

Continue


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Tag Attributes


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Tag flag is used to identify the type of frames. Three types of Tag attributes are available:

Tag aware

Access

Hybrid


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Ethernet Services


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E-Line EPL

EVPL

ELAN


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E Li S


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E-Line Service used to create

Ethernet Private LinesVirtual Private Lines

Carrier EthernetNetwork


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EVPLEthernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)


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Supports sharing of multiple VC Trunks and/or

Ports

Allows single physical connection/Port to

accommodate different customer traffic

Improve the bandwidth utilization ratio and save

the ports resource of Ethernet Unit

ISPPOP

Port Shared EVPL


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MPLS Basics


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MPLS

Multi protocol Label Switching standard routing


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Multi-protocol Label Switching, standard routing

and switching platform; Tunnel/VC: Two labels in MPLS, range of value

is 16(220-1)

LSP: Label switching path, different value labels

will be given in different nodes, data can be sent

forward according these labels

P/PE: P (Provider) internal node of MPLS

network, PE (Provider Edge) the edge of MPLSnetwork

EVPL (MPLS)


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Q in Q

QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology


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QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology

C-VLAN S-VLAN

Advantages of QinQ technology:

Expands VLAN and alleviates VLAN resourceinsufficiency;

Extends LAN service to WAN, connecting the

client network to the carrier network and

supporting transparent transmission


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Ethernet Service Types : E-LANE-LAN Service used to create


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Multipoint to MultipointTransparent LAN Service

Foundation for IPTV and Multicast networks

etc.

CarrierEthernetNetwork


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VB/LP


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EVPLAN


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Bandwidth sharing by different users

Services are differentiated by different

schemes

IEEE 802.1q Bridge

IEEE 802.1ad Bridge

IEEE 802.1q Bridge

Performs Layer 2 Switching According to Destination MAC


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Performs Layer 2 Switching According to Destination MAC

address and VLANIDs


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NG-SDH Summary ADVANTAGES:


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Interfaces for multiple packet technologies (PPP, Ethernet, SAN)

More Effectively bandwidth utilization through VC & LCAS

Requires changes only at edge nodes

DISADVANTAGES:

Optimized for Voice, not for Data

Complicated service provisioning. (Creating an end-to-end circuit takes many steps)

Ether rates do not match SDH

Bandwidth inefficiency

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ETHERNET CONFIGURATION

EPL Service Configuration


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Service Configuration Diagram


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Time Slot Allocation


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EPL Configuration Steps


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Creating Board

Configuring Ethernet Board Interfaces

External (Port): Access or Tag Aware

Internal (VC Trunk): Tag aware

Binding Path Configuration Creating EPL Service

Configuring Cross connects From Ethernet board to Line Board


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Time Slot Allocation


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Port-Shared EPL Service Steps


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Creating a board

Configuring Ethernet interfaces

Configuring bound paths

Creating the PORT shared EPL service

Configuring the cross-connect from Ethernet

boards to SDH line boards

Configuration of VCTRUNK Shared EPL Service


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Implementation


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Implementation


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ASON


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Complex Reconfiguration W/O ASON


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Why ASON


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Continue..

High service availability beyond five 9s with

h d t ti h


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enhanced protection schemes

Improved resiliency coexistence of dynamic

restoration in mesh networks with superior SDH

protection mechanisms

Lower OPEX plug-and-play auto-discoverytopology allows dynamic allocation of network

resources to routes, as needed

Lower CAPEX leverages the existing XDM

installed base with add-on ASON capabilities

ASON Logical Structure


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Transport Plane


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The traditional SDH/WDM network is thetransport plane

It transmits optical signals, configures cross-

connection and protection switching for optical

signals, and guarantees the reliability of all

optical signals.

Management Plane


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Complement to the control plane

It maintains the transport plane, the control plane

and the whole system

Its functions include performance management,

fault management, configuration management

and security management

ASON Software


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Link Management Module

It uses the LMP protocol to perform the following


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It uses the LMP protocol to perform the following

functions.

Creates and maintains the control channels

Checks TE links


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Routing Module


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It uses the OSPF-TE protocol to perform thefollowing functions:

Collects and floods TE link information

Collects and floods control link information

Calculates service route and control route

Cross-Connection Management zmodule

It performs the following functions:


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It performs the following functions:

Creates/Deletes cross-connections

Reports link state and alarms

ASON Service Types

SC: Switched Connection is a service connection requested by aterminal user and then created in the ASON control plane through


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terminal user and then created in the ASON control plane through

signaling

PC: Permanent Connection is a service connection calculatedbeforehand and then created through the NM by issuing a command

to NE

SPC: SoftPermanent Connection, the connection between the userand the transmission network is configured directly by the NM. Theconnection within the transmission network is requested by the NM

and then created by the NEs control plane through signaling

Function Structure of ASON


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ASON NE


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One of the topology components in the ASONCompared with traditional NEs, ASON NEs can

support the link management, signaling, and

routing functions

NE ID has the same meaning regarding an

ASON NE and a traditional NE

TE link


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It is a traffic engineering linkThe ASON NE sends its bandwidth information

to other ASON NEs through the TE link to

provide data for route comutation

Distributed Vs Centralized ASON


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ASON Standard BodiesFocus on

requirements

and architecture


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Inter-operabilityDemonstration

GMPLS- ASON


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ASON Protocols

GMPLS (Routing, Signaling, Link Management)


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OSPF-TE (routing)

Flood and gather topology for calculating service path

RSVP-TE (Signaling) Establish and maintain the service path

LMP (Link Management)

Discover the neighbors and links

LMP


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OSPF-TE

Floods and collects the information about the


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control links on the control plane

Floods and collects the information about the TE

links on the transport plane.

The protocol then generates the information

about the network service topologies for service

trail computation

RSVP-TEProtocol for resource reservation

It is a type of signaling.


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RSVP-TE supports creation, deletion andchange of LSPs.

Supports the following functions:

LSP creation LSP deletion

LSP attribute modification

LSP rerouting LSP trail optimization

Automatic Resource Discovery

Each NE can search for the Neighboring NEs and can buildTopology map of whole network


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p gy p

Automatic Discovery of Control Links


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End-End Service Configuration


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Continue


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Service Characteristics

Diamond Service


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Diamond Service

Gold Service

Silver Service

Copper Service

Iron Service

Diamond Service


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Gold Service


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Silver Service


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Real Time Restoration. 100ms to 2s recovery time

Copper Service


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Iron Service


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SLA


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TunnelsTunnels are mainly used to carry VC-12 or VC-3

services. Tunnels are also called as ASON server


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trailsWhen lower order services are to be created, first

create a VC-4 tunnel

The protection level for the tunnel can be gold, silveror copper.

Then, use the management system to complete the

configuration of the lower order service

Service Tunnel


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Routing Policy

Diamond and silver services all support the three

rerouting polices:


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Overlapping policy: During rerouting, the route of the

new LSP overlaps the original route whenever

possible.

Separating policy: During rerouting, the route of thenew LSP is separated from the original route

whenever possible.

Best route policy: During rerouting, the best route is

computed for the new LSP.

Re-routing Strategies


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Continue


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Revertive ASON Trail


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Service Association

The service association can be used to associate

the same service accessed from different points


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into the ASON network

Service association involves associating two

ASON services that have different routes

During the rerouting or optimization of eitherservice, the rerouting service avoids the route of

the associated service.

Service association is mainly used for services

accessed from two points.

Services Supported

Supports the association of two silver services.

Supports association of two copper services.


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Supports the association of a silver service and a

copper service.

Supports the association of two silver tunnels.

Supports the association of two copper tunnels.

Supports the association of a silver tunnel and a

copper tunnel.

Service Migration

Conversion between ASON services, and


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between ASON services and traditional services.

The service conversion is in-service conversion,

which would not interrupt the services

Service Optimization

Frequent topology changes result in less


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satisfactory routes

Service optimization involves creating a new LSP

Switching the optimized service to the new LSP

Deleting the original LSP

Optimize the service without disrupting the

service

SRLG

The SRLG is the shared risk link group


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Fibers in the same optical cable have the same

risks

ASON service should not be rerouted to another

link that has the same risk.

Shorten the service restoration time during ASON

service rerouting

Summary

ASON-GMPLS is a future technology which


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helps to minimize OPEX and realize fast serviceprovisioning

Efficient utilization of bandwidth

It requires more resources/infrastructure torealize mesh network topology


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Thank You

Documents

Ngsdh Final