NGOs and Development in Bangladesh

7/29/2019 NGOs and Development in Bangladesh

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A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally

constituted organization created by natural or legal

persons that operates independently from any form

o government.

The term originated from the United Nations (UN)

Generally engaged in human rights, environmental,

or development work.


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27,000 registered with MSA, 1600 with NAB

90% of villages have an NGO (2000)

One large NGO claimed to have reached 70% ofvillages and 70 million people (2003)

Largest NGOs employ 10 to 70 thousand staffmembers

About 10% of ODA channeled through NGOs

Business entrepreneurs: cell phones, dairy,publishing, handicrafts


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Bangladesh began as a nearly failed state in 1971due to civil war and cyclones of 1972

Recurrent floods and cyclones (1988 and 1991)

Donors poured resources into NGOs NGOs move rom umanitarian re ie an

reconstruction to development tasks

NGOs moved from consciousness raising to service

provision Donors encouraged self-sufficiency


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NGOs are reasonably successful in targeting services

to the poor (small share of non-poor get benefits)

Primary education is a good example (HIES 2000)

14%

20 %

23 %

25 %

18%

10%

17%

20 %

25 %

28 %

44 %

27 %

14%

15%

19%

14%

23 %

27 %

16%

10%

10%

12%

19%

49 %

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

%

G ov ernm ent G ov t

Subsidized

N G O o p er at e d M a dr as a P r iv a te a nd

Others

Fifth quintile

Fourth quintile

Third quintile

Second quintile

First quintile


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Most NGO advocacy focuses on issues directly affecting the

poor (violence, land rights etc) with numerous successful

examples of pro-poor change.

A number of NGOs are involved in issues that challenge

Government policies more directly (e.g. anti-corruption,

human rights).


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Basic Statistics of NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh (2011)


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Effects of microcredit on Bangladesh helps the poor

people in the following sectors-

Agriculture

Fisheries

Dairy

Household

Livestock

Building small hotelsBuying household things


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NGOs in this sector:


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The government invited the NGOs to implement the

governments NFE program in 1991.

girls who dont go to school,

NGO girl students have 22% higher reading scores

compared to girls who dont go to school. It is also8 % higher than the students of GOB schools.


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BRAC is providing education in many areas of

Bangladesh through BRAC school as eve ope e p o pro ec ,

which supports Chittagong Hill Tracts basic and girls

education.

And many more.


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>90% of TB services through NGOs.

Remarkable activities on sanitation and safe water in

rural areas.

Primary health knowledge.

Immunization programme


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Total aid to NGO has remained stable at around 0.7% of GDP this is

during a period when total aid to Bangladesh has fallen from 5% of GDP

(1990-95) to 3% of GDP since 1995.

Total ODA, Funding to NGOs and Share of GDP

0

500

1,000

1,500

,

1990

-91

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-200

0

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

US$million

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

.

%

Total aid to Government

Total aid to NGOs

Share of aid

to NGOs

Aid as share of

GDP


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NGO-linked commercial enterprises common in

other countries typically as separate legal entities

Here NGO businesses are registered under numerous

laws resulting in controversy with private sector


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For instance impact of NGO schools on test scores is highlysignificant (e.g. BRAC schools)

NGO presence in a village contributes to a 20% pointdifference in malnutrition rates robabl due to theinteraction effect of micro-credit on consumption, nutritional

education and nutritional supplements.

On cost-effectiveness, there is evidence that certain key

programs e.g. TB, micro-credit and primary schooling, are mostcost-effective when delivered by NGOs.


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In 1978 the Foreign Donations (Voluntary Activities)

Regulation Ordinance was promulgated.

The NGOs have been working alongside of

Government.

For example: CARE and BRAC


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One key factor is role of Government. Compared to

other countries GOB has provided far greater space.

Macro-economic stability and sustained growth has

contributed to the success of micro-finance.


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Tough for Government alone to perform all the

development activities.

NGOs can play a vital role.

collaboration with Gov.

Bangladesh face the challenge of allowing NGOs

flexibility and creativity while ensuring good

governance.


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Documents

NGOs and Development in Bangladesh