NGO Management. Trainer Training Assistants Participants 2 Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar

NGO Management

Trainer Training Assistants Participants

2Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of

Peshawar

No proper definition but generally means Human Development.

‘Development of greater quality of life for human beings.’

3Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar

Foreign aid, Governance, Healthcare, Education, Gender equality, Disaster preparedness, Infrastructure, Economics, Human rights, Environment.

4Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar

Related to International Aid But Different from Disaster Relief and

Humanitarian Aid.

Why?

Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar 5

International Trade and International Relations have been around for centuries.

But international development started in Post WW-II.

Events that led to the inception of the concept were:

Need for Reconstruction after WW-II, [Marshal Plan] Evolution of Colonization to Globalization, Cold War.


1960’s – The Era of Dependency Theory, 1970’s and 1980’s Neo-Liberal Ideas

through structural adjustment programs. Counter Movement of Human Development

[Mahboub ul Haq and Amartya Sen]

1990’s Post Development Era, Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] Human Development Index Private Public Partnership Corporate Social Responsibility


Lets Play a Game


Modernization Theory

Dependency Theory

World Systems Theory


A theory used to explain the process of Modernization within societies.

The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, "traditional" countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have.

The less develop should follow the developed. Changes in Social Structure, [Child Labor, Gender

Equality] Function of State, [Transparency International] Technology [ICT]

Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar10

Can you cite any NGO or Program working in this direction?

What is wrong with this theory?


Resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

Poor nations provide natural resources, cheap labor, a destination for obsolete technology, and markets to the wealthy nations, without which the latter could not have the standard of living they enjoy.

Wealthy nations actively perpetuate a state of dependence by various means. This influence may be multifaceted, involving economics, media control, politics, banking and finance, education, culture, sport, and all aspects of human resource development.

Wealthy nations actively counter attempts by dependent nations to resist their influences by means of economic sanctions and/or the use of military force.


Do you agree to this theory???


Core: the rich, developed countries of the world Periphery: poor, dependent nations Semi-periphery: semi-industrialized countries Dependency: The vulnerable state of depending

on core countries for trade/investment Trade concentration: The situation in which trade

is conducted with a small number of countries Investment concentration: When investment

comes from a small number of countries. High levels of concentration mean a country is

beholden to others


Poverty Inequality Dignity Participation Appropriateness Sustainability Capacity Building


Case Study and Tea Break


Governance Concept Applied Concept

Expectations Objective

Power Authority

Verification of Performance Accountability


World Bank The exercise of political authority and the use of

institutional resources to manage society's problems and affairs.

Worldwide Governance Indicators The traditions and institutions by which authority in a

country is exercised. Steph’s Definition The use of institutions, structures of authority and even

collaboration to allocate resources and coordinate or control activity in society or the economy.


Politics: processes by which a group of people with initially divergent opinions or interests reach collective decisions generally regarded as binding on the group, and enforced as common policy.

Governance: the administrative and process-oriented elements of governing rather than its antagonistic ones.


How it happens in University of Peshawar? How it happens in your organization? How it happens in Pakistan?


Networks: Private Public Partnership, CBO

Markets: Market Mechanisms

Hierarchy: Government to bureaucracy.

**Fair Governance


Why Democracy is preferred over dictatorship?


Global Governance Corporate Governance Project Governance IT governance Non Profit Governance



Why should I tell you everything?

Read the paper ‘ GOVERNANCE, DEVELOPMENT AND AID EFFECTIVENESS’ and prepare a presentation


Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and

empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other

diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for

development


Inter-governmental organisations Employers or corporations Consumers and the public Formal trade unions Non-governmental organisations Individuals, families and communities Donors Civil Society Any others ???


political parties, Nongovernmental organizations, Trade unions, Professional associations, Philanthropies, Academia, Independent and quasi-independent pressure groups, Think tanks, and traditional, informal formations such as faith-based organizations, shrines,

seminaries, neighborhood associations, burial societies, jirgas and savings groups.


NGOs (Non-Governmental Organization): Private, non-profit citizen organizations, pressure groups and support centers. Also referred to as the citizen sector.

Community Based Organizations (CBOs): Membership-based, grassroots organizations - a subset of NGOs.

Trade Unions: Organized associations of the workers in an industry or profession working for the protection and furtherance of their rights and interests.

CSOs (Civil Society Organizations): CSO is used as an umbrella term to refer to NGOs, CBOs, think tanks, trade unions, cultural groups and informal citizen organizations


According to Aga khan Development network There are 10,000 to 12,000 Registered NGO in

Pakistan. If unregistered are considered then the number

reaches 60,000. 59% in Punjab, then in Sindh, then in K-P, Then

Baluchistan. Registered under five different laws. The Societies Act (1860), Companies Ordinance (1984), the Trust Act

(1882), the Charitable Endowments Act (1890), the Co-operative Act (1925) and the Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies (Registration and Control) Ordinance (1961).


Education (including basic, Primary, adult and informal) represents 56 percent of the total,

Health and women’s development accounting for 39 percent.

Other areas of focus include early childhood development (15.2 percent), sports promotion and recreation (12.3 percent) and community development (12 percent). Intermediary NGOs and support organizations are also most actively engaged in education (69 percent); and women’s issues (56 percent).


International Donations CIDA, SDC, USAID, DFID, UN, Embassies of Australia, Norway, Sweden,

Switzerland, the Netherland

International NGOs Oxfam, Save the Children, Asia Foundation, British Council, Christen Social

Services, Action Aid etc.

Internal Fund Generation In 1998 Pakistanis gave an estimated Rs.41 billion in cash and kind, and

another estimated Rs.29 million in time. As much as 65 percent of all monetary giving went to individuals, two-thirds of which was ‘zakat’


one-third had fewer than 50 individual members,

17 percent had 50-99 members, 20 percent had 100-149 members, 5 percent of the total had more than 450

members.


Pakistan NGO Forum [PNF] Advocacy Development Network, Co-ordination Council for Child Welfare, Women in Development (WID) networks, Rural Support Network (RSPN), Pakistan Reproductive Health Network (PRHN), Pakistan Education Network (PEN), Pakistan Microfinance Network Environmental NGOs Network.



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NGO Management. Trainer Training Assistants Participants 2 Concepts of Development by Saif Ullah Khan, IMS - University of Peshawar