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NGHIEN CUU .

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an 0 CONgay 28 Jet vua qua (23-1-2009), t6i nh~n 11u'l1c t~p san

The Portolan, cO' quan cua Washington Map Society (H~iban do' Washington), trong 116 c6 bai giai thi~u rnQt ban116 co kha I1Qc l1ao cua Vi~t Narn vai nhan l1e A Glimpseinto Vietnam's Turbulent 19fh Century (MQt thoang nhinvao l1at nu'ac Vi~t Narn l1ang bien I1Qng i1 the ky XIX)(l).Kern theo la buc thu' cua tac gia Harold E. Meinheit vaChu t!ch HQi Howard Lange l1e ngh! t6i cho y kien ve bai

nghien coo ban 116 co ay.

'X , ~'

NGUYEN DINH DAU

M(Jt tilm ban do' co' Vift Nam r(Jngl671 qua cO'

thong tbUOng.N am 1982, Thu vi~n Quoc hQi Hoa Ky (Library of

Congress) muaduqc ban d6 nay cua mQt nha buonban d6 c6 co tieng cua Hoa Ky, nhung khong cho bietthem tintuc gi lien quan va xuat xU tu dautCri.

Ban d6 Vi(!t Nam toan tinh dzr do'duqc ve bflng ..but long va m~c Tau, tren giay ban dai 152cm, rQng "" VI~t Namtoan tlnh du d6 -98c T " th '" U . T H ' V .~ t kho 152 x 98cm ndm 1830 hodc 1840m. ruyen ong x a nay cua rung oa va 1~ ..

N am chua ve ban d6 nao to 16'11 nhu v~y. Day la b,an tay bllc giap song Cw Long va nu6'c Mien Di~n d~uve "toan coi Dong DU<1Ilg a vao thoo die"m 1830 hay la dat dai cua Vi~t Nam. Do day, Meinheit d6ng nhat1840. Tuy nhien, theo ghi.chu a goc phai cuoi ban v~ m~t dta ly Vi~t Nam vcri Dong DU<1Ilg. Nguoo Phapd6, l~i co cu li~u cho biet ban d6 duC1C ve nhi~u th~p tru6'c day cling gQi dta ban nay la Dong Dzrm1g thu(jcnien sau do" (This large manuscript map -152 x An Nam (Indochine annamite); sau khi xam chiem98cm -executed in brush and ink, portrays Indo- r6i hQ mCri gQi la lndochine francaise (Dong Du<1Ilgchina in the 1830s or 1840s. The text in the lower thuQC Phap)(3).right, however, contains references suggesting it waswritten several decades later)(2). Dat nu6'c Vi~t Nam Nbli'ng nb~n xet va pban ticb cua Meinbeit.thai do rQng khllp xU Dong DU<1Ilg: N u6'c Chan L~p -Tren m~t ban d6 khong ghi nhan d~, nhung phia(Campuchia) clila tran Tay Thanh thuQc:Vi~t Nam sau co ghi chu Han Vi(!t Nam toan tinh dzru6.va chua co nu6'c Ai Lao. Tren dta ban rQng 16'11 cua -Tri~u d~i mCri (Nguy~n) co xu hu6'l1g phat trie"nAi Lao sau nay, khi ay mCri co tie"U vU<1Ilg quoc Nam CU<1Ilg ~c v~ phia tay giap giCri song Cw Long.ChUOng cling thuQc Vi~t Nam. Phdn con l~i la cae -Vung Tay Nguyen (b6i son tren ban d6) la vUngphu Tran Man, Tran Ninh, Tran Bien, Tran Tinh chu yeu cua dan thie"u so (The red zones -.Ethnicvcri vUng Cw Chau gdn Thua Thien, hai xU Thuy minorities a dominant theme) va ghi ro la Thuy XaXa -Hoa xa tren Tay Nguyen va cae muO'ng vUng va Hoa xa.

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-Tren ban d6 ve ro .luy Tran Man (Barbarian Pro- ta se thay ddy du nh1h1g gi lien quan den cong cuQctectorate)de'baovE;!; 3 tinhQuangNam, Quang Ngai, chetac tam ban d6 ciS quy gia nay.Binh D!nh, dai 90km, do Le Van DuyE;!;t xay d~p. CAn co ban d6 dja If Ijch sir chinh xac de'tranh

-Tencac don v! hanh chinh 16'11, du6'i thm Gia cho Vif;t Nam khoi bj thua thif;t ve- CUO7JgLong gQi la tran ho~c doanh, tu nam 1831 -1832 du6i vl;ic.thm Minh M~ng deu gQi la tinh.Tren ban d6 ghi het Su Thl!C Lr.zc ghi: Thang 6 nam Binh Tuat (1886),la tinh; thi dl;1: Ha NQi tinh tnr6'cla Dong Kinh, Phil "Toan quyen d~i thdn Bon Be (Paul Bert) tu noi:Xuan tinhtrong co ViE;!;t Nam do thanh. ngay thang 7 nam ngoai, do thong Co Suy d!nh ra

-Ten quoc gia du6'i thmGia Long gQi la ViE;!;t N am. 6 khoan dieu u6'c m6'i, nu6'c ta, phdn nhieu co thuaNam 1838, Minh M~ng diSi ra D~ Nam. Tren band6 thiE;!;t, nay da dem bo ban u6'c ay r6i. Nu6'c ta da tondeu ghi la ViE;!;t Nam, v~y ban d6 nay duQ'C ve tnr6'c d~i thdn Phap la chuc Han lam t~c hQc si, d~i thdnnam 1838? Th~t la mau thudn v6'i cac ghi chu ve Phap muon to ykien chuQng van, giao cho 1,000 d6ngS\,1 kiE;!;n hay d!a danh thuQC thm die'm 1860 -1870. b~c; neu co ngum nao co the' dich cu vao dau xet ro

.Nhu S\,1 kiE;!;n LUll Vinh Phuc keo quan CiJ Den vao biJ coi nu6'c ta khi tnr6'c th~ng den biJ phia dong song

.l~p d6n tr~i chong Phap 0' Son Tay nam 1865, mai KhungGiang, va gill chep ro cac lo~i man l~o trongden nam 1885 LUll Vinh Phuc con dem quan danh h~t, dan tinh, phong tl;1C, chinh S\,1, san v~t, va cachPhap 0' Tuyen Quang. V~y ban d6 nay duQ'C ve vao sinh nhai; bien dong thanh sach dang len, dQ'i saithm die'm nao? quan xet duyE;!;t, ngum duQ'c d\,1 h~ng tning thi xin

-Ban do chua ve xong, vi dao Phil Quoc chua demsotienaychiat11ngh~gthuO'ngcap(h~gnhatthanh hinh, m6'i ve duQ'c may can nha cu tni trong thuO'ng 800 d6ng, h~ng nhi 200 dong).dao ma thoi. Qudn dao Hoang Sa va V ~n Ly TnrO'ng "Vua cho la qui d~i thdn d!nh ra la muon duQ'CSa cung chua duQ'c ghi hQa. Ban d6 ghi ten dd 31 ke th\,1c tai, chu~n cho theo the ma lam, nhung dl;1tinh, nhung hai tinh Hung Hoa va Quang Yen chua cho quan cac phu,tinh trong kinh va tinh ngoai, deuduQ'c vien son. Trong do~n nay Meinheit hie'\! sai ve dem hoi kh~p ca, khong cu quan, l~i, si, dan, ngumTr.z Longhi dlnh 0' phdn C\,1C b~c nu6'c ta. Ong tuO'ng nao la kien van rQng rai, co the' biet ro cac viE;!;c daday la dinh cO' hay den tUO'ng niE;!;m (Pavilio or memo. nghi ay, bien chep thanh sach, h~n trong 6 thang,rial) ma sap ve sO'sai the hay ve chua xong. S\,1 th~t t~i kinh thi do bQ L~, t~i tinh ngoai, do quan d!aday chi la tam bia lam bien gi6'i giua ViE;!;t N am (ghi phuong lam danh sach dE;!; len, dQ'i chu~ cho qunnla Giao Chi quoc) va Trung Quoc, nAm gdn song D6 xet duyE;!;t, qua la ngumthong hie'u co the' lam duQ'C

.Chu. Nam 1888, Phap nhU<1Ilg bQ chonha Thanh lam thi chia thu b~c, trir da co toan quyen thudng riengchu .vling dat nay cua nu6'c ta tu bao the ky, rQng ra, tri~u dinh se cho hiS dl;1ng; va chu~n cho quankhoang800km vuong va co nhi~u mo d6ng. viE;!;n Han lam thuO'ng them cho ngum tning h~ng

nhat 400 d6ng b~c, h~ng nhi 100 d6ng b~c, de' to the'Nhli'ng phong doan va thiic miic CUB l(!;-rQng rai ma mong duQ'c th\,1cdl;1ng"(S).Meinheit. Ba thang sau, khong comQt ai trong quan chuc

-Kho ma biet thm die'm chinh xac cua ban d6. cung nhu ngoai dan gian thong th~o van de "biJTheo chu thich thi ban d6 ve khoang 1860 va 1875. coi nu6'c ta khi tnr6'c th~ng den biJ phia dong songNhung hinh dang va net ve thi ban d6 duQ'C phac Khung Giang" tuc song Mekong hay Ct'ru Long vahQa nam 1830 hay 1840. co the' "ghi chep ro cac lo~i man l~o trong h~t" tuc

-Ban d6 quan tam nhieu hon v~ phiatay v6'i cac cac dan tQc thie'u so, de' nh~n lanh giai thuO'ng 16'11ghi ve duO'ng thuy bQ t6'i vling dan tQc thie'u so cu lao vUa ke'.ngl;1, co Ie vi mvc dich chong xu hu6'l1g xam chiem The nen, su Thllc Lr.zc ghi: Thang 9, "Sai lam siScua Xiem La h6i 1830 va 1840. sach bien chep cuong gi6'i nu6'c ta. Bay giiJ viE;!;n CO'

-Ban d6 duQ'C ve do mQt quan chuc ViE;!;t Nam hay I m~t tau noi: CuO'ng gi6'i nu6'c ta, phia b~c gdn v6'iinQtnha d!a ly Trung Hoa quan tam den Ian bang nu6'c D~i Thanh, pilla tay nam giap v6'i nu6'c Xiem0' phia nam Trung Quoc. La, Mien DiE;!;n; tu tnr6'c phai co gi6'i h~n dich 0' ch6

Chung toi hoan nghenh va tri on Meinheit da nao. Tatnr6'c den giiJ, quoc su it thay chep den, thaycong bo va nghien Clru .kha sau s~c tam ban d6 ciS nghe cling it, nhieu Idn cac d~ thdn toan quy~n,ViE;!;t Nam rQng 16'11 co mQt khong hai nay. Nh1h1g kham su D~ Phap co y nghien Clru, ho~c d!nh treonh~n xet va th~c m~c cua ong ke' la chinh dang, thUO'ng; ho~c co nghe thay gi, till t\,1 di yeu cdu de'neu khong t~m ra manh moi cua S\,1 viE;!;c ghi ve ban xem xet. Ve viE;!;c treo thuO'ng, nhieu Idn da yang 1md6 v6'i nh1h1g chitiet hdu nhu mau thudn ro rang. dl;1 thong suc, chua.co ngum huO'ng (mg."Chung toi da,de' suot thm gian nghi Tet nghien Clru "Ke' ra biJ coi non song cung la cach hQc hac v~t,bai gi6'i thiE;!;u va nh~n thay ban d6 ciS nay co nh1h1g bie'n rQng may trnng, duO'ngxa muon d~m, ngum tanetve tuong d6ng v6'i cac ban d6 trong bQ sach Dong con nghi do tim duQ'c, huong chi cuong gi6'i nu6'c ta,Khanh dja dll Chi4). Tra c~ nO'i chinh su Thllc Lr.zc ma l~ "con ma khong ban, ban ma khong xet", tuO'ng

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N f. giap gi6i v6i song ay, khong lien can v6i nhau. Sachnay, xin chuYe'n lay caO'ng gi6i tiep giap cae na(Jclam chu, song Khung cling xet ca mQt the', tuy theodia phaO'ng nao, thong v6i song ay, bien them vao,de' phong xem xet, nhang d~t ten sach la DI;li NamCllOTlg gi{)'i Vl!11g bien, khong phai cung bien ca chu"Khung Giang".

-Ve sach nay chuyen chu caO'ng gi6i tiep giapv6i cae naCJc, 'Va bien them nhUng dia phaO'ng thong

I v6i song Khung. Nay kinh xet cae sach va ho~c caeI nha bien chep cat lam cua rieng, ve tha<;1ng du dQcI theo bien gi6i, do~n nao nha co ghi chep cd: na{JcI ta tiep giap v6i cae na{Jc va tiep giap v6i hai bell ta,I hun song Khung, la ten a dat a phu, huy~n, chauI nao, ho~c tr~i Man nao, xin phai bien coop tat ca.I Do~n nao, nha chaa ro dia gi6i ay thuQc ve na{JcIta, nhang chep la "tr~i Man a na{Jc ta" (nha Man1 Th~ch Bich, ho~c cae Man tieu dieu Ian tr~i linhI tinh, tuy ho~c chung doi v6i ta, khi thea, khi phan

bat thaOng, nhang a bil phia dong song Khung, deula cae trl;li Man trong gi6i h~n na{Jc ta), noi thuQc vena{Jc khac, thivdn chep la dia ph~n naCJc m6. Ve h~du, giap bie'n, thi chi tra xet ten cua bie'n, ghi chepca de' neu ro toRn d6. Con cae noi hoi xa, cung gi6ih~n khong lien tiep nhau, va tat ca dan phong, th6san dB. chep ca a bQ Gia Long nhat thong dja dll chinay chi chep qua thoi. ,

-Ve caO'ng gi6i tiep giap va hai bell ta hthl song! .,. .,. ~. Khung, phai xet bien ten dat cae trl;li Man deu la can

cu a sach cd va thuyet cd, tu tnr{Jc den nay, khongVift Nam dum thai Minh M(lng (Ban d6 U Thanh Kh6i) phai khong tuy thO'i thay d6i, (nha cae lo~i ho~c ch6

ay, nguyen la Ian tr~i cua Man, nen sach cd, thuyetkhong phai chi de' cho ngu'O'i biet daQ'c it nhieu! Nghi cd dB. chep vao, nhang nay dB. dieu tan dO'i m noinen xin phai quan, thuQc, tim xet khl1p ca, duy cong khac. cling la co khi nguyen la Man ay, nhang nayvi~c a BQ, Vi~n, Quan, Cae be bQn, neu giao cho lam bi bQn Man khac lay ca), nhang nay khong xet vaokiem ca, SQ' khong chuyen chu ky cang, kho mong dau cho dung daQ'C, xin p,hai kie'm xet, nguyen uythanh hi~n. Xin nen d~t vien co trach nhi~m de' don noi nao dich xac thi bien chep tat ca, kh6ng thi vdndoc vi~c ay, Quang lQc t1.1 khanh lanh ~ lang bQ LI;li theo sach cd, thuyet cd chep men vao.Hoang Hthl XUng la ngu'O'i tr~m tinh, hQc cling hoi -Ve each chep t6ng quat, la chep tat ca toRn coirQng, xin cho theo nguyen ham sung lam D6ng 1"5', na{Jc ta, cae dia phaO'ng cae dO'i thay d6i the nao,cap cho an kham phai quan phong, va phai vien dich tuy da chep a Dll dja chi, sach nay, xin cling do xettheo de' lam vi~c, den a phong NQi cae lam vi~c, pham t~n ngu6n goc bien qua a ph~n tren, sau den so d~mh~ nu{Jc ta tiep giap v6i naCJc Thanh, na{Jc Xiem, va dai, rQng, ca na{Jc hi~n d~t baa nhieu phu, tinh, d~o;song Khung Giang, dich la ch6 nao, dgu xem xet ro cuoi cung den caO'ng gi6i, lay song Khung ph~ themrang, c~ncochUngc{Jdichxac, bienchepthanh sach vao, ban d6 thi cho bien ro a ch6 giap gi6i va songva ve d6 ban de' tham khao, (Thang sau, vua chu& Khung ma thoi.cho vien ay den sa tu tha a Quoc su quan)"(6). -Ve each chep rieng bi~t, la chia rieng tUng tinh

Hai thang sau, su Thl!C Ll;Icchep: "Thang 11, vien ma chep, xin phai chie'u theo thu t\l chep t6ng quat,trong coivi~c lam t~p bien caO'ng gi6i la Hoang HUu deu chie'u theo dia ph~n tinh chep rieng ra, duy l~iXt'mg nghi dang sach ay pharo l~ co 12 meu: ghi ro cae d~o, phu huy~n, chau hi~n d~t trong ca

-Ve nguyen daQ'c chudn cho kie'm xet caO'ng gi6i tinh, nhang lay kiith salam tOn trQng, d~u tien lana{Jc ta tiep giap v6i na{Jc Than,h, na(Jc Xiem, naCJc phu Thua Thien, sau den cae tinh tu Thua Thien traDien va song Khung Giang dich la ch6 nao, bien t~p vao nam, tra ra bl1c. Trong do, tinh nao khong co gi6ithanh sach. Nay kinh xet mien tha<;1ng du na{Jc ta tiep'v6i na{Jc khac, thi vdn theo tUng khoan, bien rolay song Khung lam gi6i h~, thi tu Ngh~ An travao nhUng chu: "Khong co tiep giap v6i na{Jc khac", de'nam, ,co giap song ay, con tu Ngh~ An trave Bl1c, thi cho ban d6 rieng, cling theo tUng tinh ve ke tiep.

Ii 10 _S6328thang3-2009r...", ~

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" .-v~ tiep giap cae xu, xu nao h~ tu tru6'c nu6'cta s\1 tich bien them vao sau, cho biet ddu duoi.

co cung nu6'c khac kham dtnh, hol:,ic lay t\1bao ban -v~ xua nay cung truy~n, cuO'ng gi6'i cua nu6'c ladtnh, tra trong Bach Su co chep ro rang, thituy thuQc vi~c 16'11, ma tu tru6'c den nay khong co chUng cu; datinh ph~n nao dem chep ra het de" tham khao. co cae nha ban lu~n (nhulo~i dt.tngcl?t d6ng cua Ma

-V~ dta ph~n a dQc bien gi6'i, tu tru6'c la thul?c Phl:Ic Ba) cling phai chep ca cho du cae thuyet.nu6'c ta, nhlnig nay tuyda mat vao nu6'c khac (nhu -V~ cae Bach bien thu~t l~i, gian hol:,ic co noi den.lol;ri tru6'c kia nha H6, nha M~c cllt dat cho nha Minh, cuO'ng gi6'i nu6'c ta va nguyen luu song Khung chay -nha Thanh) xin cling chie"U theo tru6'c thul?c h~t tinh den dau, trong do thuO'ng co ch6 noi khac nhau, co .nao, ghi chep vao, cho biet lai Itch. ch6 giong nhau, cling chep ca luu l~i, de" dQ'i khao

-V~ phia sau mi~n nui nu6'c ta, co duO'ng song chinh"(7) ,nao ma chay thong duQ'c den song Khung, thi duO'ng Hoang Hftu Xlmg va cae chuyen gia phl:I thul?csong ay phat nguyen va chay qua phu, huy~n, chau th\1c hi~n cong trinh Cltm1ggi6'i Vl!l1g bien theo dUngnao, hol:,ic tr~i Man nao, xet cae Bach va co the" can nguyen tllc nhu v\1a ke". Nam thang san, congtrinhcu, cling ghi vao ca. hoan thanh. "

-V~ 6 tinha Nam ky, nay la quiinh~tcua nu6'c Ngay 9 thang 4 nam Dinh HQ'i(1887), su Thl!cD~i Phap, Bach nay bien chep cuO'ng gi6'i co Ie nen LI,lC ghi: "Pho Bach Cltm1g gi6'i ~g bien da xong",chie"U tu ThuaThien tra vao N am den Binh Thu~n, (g6m 7 quYe"n va 1 buc dta d6).tra ra Bllc den Cao Biting, nhung gian hol:,ic co bien "Cho D6ng 15' Hoang Hftu Xlmg, th\1c thl:I ham Thtden dta phUO'ng nao song Khung,chay qua, thi do~n lang bl? L~i, th\1 1'a tham tri (nguyen lanh Quang 1l?Ch~ luu song Khung a ca vao khoang An Giang, Dtnh t\1 khanh); cae nguO'i tuyphai d~u gia thu&ng (thangTuO'ng; thi 6 tinh a Nam ky xin phai chep ca vao tr~t, ky ll:Ic hay ti~n) co thu b~c. R6i cho Hftu Xlmgtrong khoa~ chep t6ng quat,' va chep rieng bi~t de" sung chuc Toan tu a Quoc su quan)".(SJcho con danh hi~u. .Khi ay Paul Bert da chet ngay 11-11-1886, khong

-V~ dta phuO'ng Cao Mien, da duQ'C tien tri~u kinh hie"u so ti~n 1.000 d6ng b~c thu&ng cho ai th\1c hi~n15', ghi ca vaoban d6, sau r6i bo di, nay clin~xet qua duQ'C congtrinh co dem chia cho Hoang Hftu Xlmg

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D~i Nam th6ng nhat toaD d6 nam 1840

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.va cQng tat vien khong? co ban do' kem theo;Chinh su chi ghi den cling v6'i phq Iqcdaylahetv~ Cltonggifli va phz.z khao, dongVl;tng bien. thanh 7 quYe'n. Thlfn

Nha S11 hQc Phan chlingngl;lido't, kinhThu~n An da viet bai SQ' tuan theo Ii}nhHoang HIhI Xli'ng: tac CUB Hoang thltQ'Iig,gia szi'hQc -dja If Vii}t chiing dam ng~iNam the' kj XIXtren kho, kinh tham khaobao Clia Vii} t so 17 them nhz1ng tai Iii}uthang 10 nam 1992. ngol;li szi' Bach CUBTrong co ban dtch to-ta'u trie'u dinh, lltQ'1111.\itcua Hoang Ht:tu Xt'mg cac Bach va cu ngay-nlQt bd tuc thong tin xlta con sot ll;li, vatho Thl!c Lz.zc -giup ta Tit trai sang: 6ng Nguyk Dinh Ddu, lac gid Harold E. Meinheit hoihan them f kienhie'u them v~ qua trinh va Chit tick H(Ji Howard Lange -CUB nhie'u ngl1O'i, tuynghien C\n1 va bien so~ Anh ch!ip thang.1 ndm 2009 t{Ii TP.HCM dli co' giing nhie'upho Bach Cltong gifli Vl;tng bien, va d~c bi~t v~ ly Itch nhltng vAn con sai lam thieu sot, Kin kinh sQ'tuan \ta'm Dl;lit6ng do'ma ta dang quan tam: theo nhz1ng die'u szi'a ChUB.

"Kham phai Sa Tu Thlt, Quang l(Jc Tl! khanh, Hoang thltQ'11g dB chuan cho cac dl;li thlfn a vi(inLlinh HIhI thj Lang B(J Ll;li, than 18 Hoang HIhI CO' M~t 1a Nguy~n HIhI D(J, Phan Dinh Binh, Nguy~nXli'ng, kinh tau: vita bien sol;ln thanh dl;lng ban Bach Thu~t va Hoang HIhI Thlt~g dQC va szi'a.D~i Nam quoc CUO'Ilg giCri V11ngbien, nay cung kinh Nay kinh can viet. thanh dl;lng ban va ve riengtien tnnh clIng vfli ban, tau de' Kin Hoang thltQ'11g m(Jt bli'c ban do' chung 1~ (dl;li tdng do), de'u Kin tientham djnh. Vao m(Jt ngay thu(Jc thang 9 nam ngoai, trinh, dam Kin ml;lo mu(Ji kinh di} 1en cling t~p tau,tiep dltQ'C phien chi doVi(in CO' M~t cung 1z.zc, Hoang va Kin dQ'i ton f quyet djnh CUB Hoang thltQ'11g.thltQ'11g chuan djnh thlfn sung lam Ddng 1f trong vi(ic Kinh tau,Ilghien czi'u kie'm tra Cltong gifli nltflc ta, tinh nao tiep Ngay mong 9 thang 4 nam Dong Khanh thli' haigiap vfli Trung Quoe, Xiem La, Mien Di(in, Khung (tli'c 1-5-1887)Giang (songCii'u Long), dich thj 1a xli' nao, clfn co Than: Hoang HIhI Xli'ng'{9).can cli'chinh xac, sl.nI t~p 1l;li, bien chep thanh Bach Cae su li~u neu tren da giai dap du(fc toan the'va ve thanh ban do~ Khao czi'u day du rol1l;li dltQ'C thAt mAc cua Meinheit, Bli'c ban do' chung 1~ -dl;li ;~~:Hoang thltQ'11g d.\it ten cho Bach 1a DI;ri Nam quoc tong d6 day laket qua tong trinh nghien C\n1 V\Plg .-

CUO'Ilg giCri V11ng bien, va tuan hanh1am theobai bien cua Hoang HwXt'mg, nhAm ngay 1-5-1887.pham 1(i gom 11 die'u:, Ml;IC dichchu yeu cUa tong trinh la xac dtnh bien giCri

Than tr(Jm nghi Bach nay co the? lam ro ve'sl! cua Vi~t Nam v~ phia tay tiep giap vcri song Mekong,quan h(i a Cltong gifli. Cltong gifli phia tay cua mien th~m chi co do~n la'n sang ca hw ng~n nua. CUO'IlgthltQ'11g du nltf1c ta, tit xlta den nay trie'u dl'nh chlta V11c Vi~t Nam rQng tu 8i Nam Quan (d~i tdng d6 coden kinh 1f, con co nl;ln Bach va ta,m saD that ban, ve ro) tCri mui Ca Mau. Phia bAc giap Trung Quocvi(ic khao dinh ll;li thieu sot. (d~i tdng d6 ghi 1\1 Long bi dinh, nhung sau Phap

Nhltng nay tuan chieu theo pham 1i), thlfn don nhU<mg tho Trung Quoc). Phia tay giap Mien Di~ndoc vi(ic SI.nI tam tlm hie'U cac Bach va ban do' nltflc va Xiem La. Khi Phap chiem du(fC ca Dong DUO'Ilgta va Trung Quoc cling nhlt Tay phltong, rol nghien thuQc Vi~t Nam r6i chia ra ba nu6'c Vi~t Nam -Laoczi'u, djch thu~t, ghi chep, thli th~pll;li (Sach 1a Thl!c -Cao Mien va dQC doan v~ch du<mg bien giCri tho baLz.zcchinhbiencuanltf1cta, thamkhaothemnhz1n'g nu6'c vcri nhUng thi~t thai v~ phia Vi~t Nam. TuyBach CUB cac qha bien thu~t. Ban do' thi cac lol;li ban nhien, ngay nay nu6'c ta vAn ton trQng bien giCri Itchdo' CUB nltflc ta, tham khao them ban d{J' CUB Trung su a'y. De' bd sung tho "d~i tdng d6" chua ve xong

, Quoc va Tay phltong, clIng ban do' mfli ve CUB cac nay, chung ta nen nghien C\n1 ket hQ'p vcri hai bantinh. Neu co nhltQ'11g bo den nam ba tinh thi cling d6: 1) Dl;li Nam nhat thong toan d6 tong bo khoangkinh Kin de' c~p tfli 1uon, vi Sl! ghi chep Cltong gifli a nam 1840 co ve ro hai qu~n dao Hoang Sa va V ~nnhz1ng nO'i do cung chlta duQ'c ro rang). Ly Tru<mg Sa, 2) Ban d6 Dl;li Nam dltfli thO'i Minh

Neu co ch6 chltabie't dltQ'C ro thi de? khuyet chli' Ml;lng cua Le Thanh Khoi co ve ro cae tie'U VllO'Ilgchling dam lam mQt cach khien CltWlg ho.\ic lay f quoc thuQc Vi~t Nam ke' ca cae chau mu<mg, nhumlnh ma dien the vao. TUy theo no'i, neu clfn thi lam MU<mg Lu co bien giCri giap Mien Di~n.<10)phin can an phz.z them a dltfli m6i khoan, dQ'i sau se Tra trong Thu ml;lc d~ yeu Di san Han Nom Vi(itkhao dinh. Toan bQ Bach va titng phan cda Bach de'u Nam no'i hai ml,lC tu Dl;liNam Cltong gifli Vl;tng bien

.rnJI;l[Il!.W 1 66 328 th~ng 3 -2009

:8 ~ ~ '::1

":';-" ~;I

va D/;li Namquoc CltO21g gi6'i ~g bien, ta thay con111U tru 5 ban viet (7'Q), 1 pham l~, 1 ml;lc Il;lC, 1 bie'u"dang sach" va cae ban sao chep Ie tt:mg phan, hi~nVi~n Han Nom vftn bao v~ tot, co s6 nho sao cheptrung l~p de' a Thu vi~n Hi~p hQi Chau A (Societe

asiatique) t~ Paris(ll). Khong thay noi dau'nhllc nhat6'i "d~i t6ng d6". Ban d6 to 16'n d~c bi~t nay that l~c

t~bao gji:i, khong ai hay. Chi biet rllng nam 1982,Thu vi~n Quoc hQi Hoa Ky mua duQ'j:: tu mQt nhahuon ban d6 c6 co tienga My. Th~t la may!

De ket thuc bai bao nay, chung toi xin noi 100 cam0'11 dennguoo gjro thi~u tam "q~l t6ng d6" dB. that l~ctren 120 nam (1887 -2009) laHarold.Meinheit, mQtnha ngo~i gjao chuyen nghi~p thani gja Ban gjamdoc Washington Ban Do. Chung toi cling xinto longthan phl;lC tac gja cong trinh nghien cUu V1.lng bienva tam "d~i t6ng d6" la Hoang Hau Xtmg (sinh nam1831 t~i Quang Tq, d~u cu nhan nam 1852, lamHuan d~o huy~n Tuy Vi~n, Binh Dinh nam 1860,gj1;l chuc Bi~n ly a BQ Binh khoang nam 1869, Bochanh Thanh Hoa nam 1873, Th~ tuan phu Ha NQinam 1880, nhin an de' phan doi Phap khi bi bllt nam

1882, bi each chuc r6i duQ'c phl;lC h6i lam Tu so~n ;*~vi{jn Han lam nam 1884, lam D6ng ly bien so~ ':ji

CltO21g gi6'i Vl!11g bien thang 6-1886, gift nhi~u chucI vl;l khac r6i ThuQ'ng thu BQ Cong nam 1889, v~ h11U' nam 1900 va qua doo nam 1905.).

Hoang Hl.'ru Xt'nlg dang ke la nguOi co cong dautrong vi~c nghien c(ru lich su va ve ban d6 "Vl.lng bien"nu6'c ta tu thOi Dong DUO'l1g thuQcVi~tNam den lucPhap X8.m chiem gQi 1a DoI;lg DuO'l1g thuQC Phlip.8r.

"CHU THICH:(.l) The Portolan, Journal of the Washington Map Society Is-sue 73 Winter 2008. Trong co bai A Glimpse into Vietnam'sTurbUlent 1!Jh Century cua tac gill Harold E. Meinheit. (tutr. 18 den 27): .(2) Nhu tren, tr. 19. I(3) Maybon, IJistoiremodernedupaysd~Bn1 (1592-1820).Paris, 1919. tr. 45 va 278.(4) DongKhanhdja dllChi. Ngo DucThQ dich. Nxb The Glm,

2003. .

(5) DEJi Nam thI!CI~c. T~pXXXVII Vi(!nSu HQc phien dich.

NxbKhoahQcXlihQi,HaNQi, 1977, tr.177 -173.(6) Nhu tren, tr. 208 -209.(7) Nhu tren, tr. 217 -220.(8) Nhu tren, tr. 281.(9) Phan Thu~n An, Hoang Hlhl Xli'ng: tacgia. sri h{Jc -dja IfVict Nam the'kyXlX. Trong sach Nep nha .H{J Hoang. NxbTre, TP.HCM 2001, tr.38 -49.

~ .(10) Le Thanh Khoi, Le Viet Nam -Histoire et Civilisation.' Les Editions de Minuit. Paris, 1955. Trich ban d6 so 15 d~t

sau 514.(11) Vi(!n Nghien Clru Han Nom va Vi(!n Vi@n dong Bac co'Phap, Di san Han Nom Vict NamThll m~c de. yeu. Nxb KhoahQc -Xli hQi, Ha NQi, 1993. 1. tr. 480 va 496.

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