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Using Renewables and EnergyEfficiency to Build a Robust

Energy Infrastructure

Using Renewables and EnergyEfficiency to Build a Robust

Energy Infrastructure

John P. Thornton, P.E.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Renewable Energy Seminar forState Energy Officials and State Legislators

John P. Thornton, P.E.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Renewable Energy Seminar forState Energy Officials and State Legislators

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158,000 miles of main electric transmission lines 5,000 power plants (totaling 800,000 megawatts)

2,000,000 miles of oil pipelines 1,300,000 miles of gas pipelines

2,000 petroleum terminals

1,000,000 gas and oil wells

150 oil refineries

300 tankers (ships) Plus much, much more!

Our Current Energy Infrastructureis Difficult to Protect

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U.S. Natural Gas Pipeline Systems and Liquefied Natural GasImport Facilities 2001

LNG Import Facilities (Reactivation underway)

Legend

Interstate Pipelines

Intrastate and Other Pipelines

LNG Import Facilities (Active)

Indiana

North Dakota

Kansas

Maryland

Delaware

New Jersey

Virginia

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Connecticut

Vermont

New Hampshire

New York

Utah

Kentucky

ArkansasOklahoma

Mississippi

Louisiana

Alabama

Texas

South Carolina

North Carolina

Florida

Nebraska

IllinoisIowa

Michigan

Ohio

New MexicoArizona

Colorado

Wyoming

MontanaMinnesota

Wisconsin

California

Oregon

Washington

Maine

Georgia

Idaho

Missouri

Nevada

Pennsylvania

South Dakota

Tennessee

West Virginia

Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102c09

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Natural Gas Pipeline Capacity Serving theU.S. Marketplace

= Bi-directional

= Direction of Flow

12,000

3,000

6,000

9,000

15,000

0

Capacity(in Million Cubic Feet per Day)

as of December 2000

Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102e04

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Electric Power Plants in the U.S.

Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102c07

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U.S. Electric Power Transmission Grid

Source: Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), United States Department of Energy.033102c08

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Physical Terrorism, natural disasters,

accidents, global warming, and aging

infrastructure Cyber Malicious intrusion and inadvertent

error System complexity Cascading effects,

critical nodes, and interdependencies

Our Current Energy InfrastructureFaces a Broad Spectrum of Threats

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Trans-Alaska Pipeline Shooting IncidentOctober 4, 2001

Alaska Oil and Gas Reporter

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285,000 gallons of crude oil lost

2 acres of spruce forest severely damaged $18 million in environmental cleanup costs

$8 million in lost royalties and taxes

Cause: High-powered rifle bullet

Trans-Alaska Pipeline Shooting IncidentDamage and Losses

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Bellingham, WashingtonGasoline Pipeline Explosion - 1999

City of Bellingham, WA

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230,000 gallons of gasoline spilled

3 people killed, 1 home destroyed >100,000 fish and aquatic wildlife killed

26 acres of trees and 2.5 miles of vegetation destroyed

$37 million in fines paid to date

Cause: Defective design

Bellingham, WashingtonPipeline Explosion Damage and Losses

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Blackout! It Can Happen To You.

July 2, 1996

Before After

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Power outages and power quality disturbances

cost the U.S. economy more than $119 billionannually (Electric Power Research Institute,

2001)

Can the U.S. Afford PowerDisruptions?

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Cost ($) of Power Disruption per HourRanked by Industry

2,500,000

3,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

500,000

1,000,000

0

Energy Telecom Financial Retail Chemicals HealthCare

Media Average

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What is the

Value of Electricityif you don't have any?

What is the

Value of Electricityif you don't have any?

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Decrease domestic energy use

Reduce dependence on imported fuels Maintain and protect the existing infra-

structure

Employ smart, resilient systems

Diversify generation options

Increase use of distributed generation

The Key to a RobustEnergy Infrastructure

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Reduces stress on an overtaxed infrastructure

Reduces dependence on imported fuels possible to raise energy efficiency by up to

50% and reduce U.S. oil consumption by

more than 3 million bbl. a day. (BusinessWeek)

Lets Hear It for Energy Efficiency!

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Every watt not used is awatt that doesnt have tobe produced, processed,

or stored.

Richard Perez,Home PowerMagazine

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Green Buildings Provide Energy Security

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Pipeline Control and Monitoring

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Refinery Protection/SCADA

Courtesy: Alternative Power Systems

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Communications Power

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Water Sampling

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Air Sampling for Toxic Emissions

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Emergency Operations

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Distributed, Renewable Power SourcesProvide Energy Assurance

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For further information, contact:John Thornton

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

303-384-6469

John_Thornton@nrel.gov

Contact Information

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