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NFKBIA Deletion in Glioblastomas Denise M. Scholtens Paula Andrea Velásquez Viveros Medicine UPB 2011

Nfkbia deletion in glioblastomas

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Page 1: Nfkbia deletion in glioblastomas

NFKBIA Deletion in Glioblastomas

Denise M. Scholtens

Paula Andrea Velásquez Viveros

Medicine UPB 2011

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTIONGLIOBLASTOMA

• Tumors are named for the cell types from which they originate.

• Glioblastoma is the general name for a tumor that arises from the glial tissue, which supports and nourishes the brain.

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INTRODUCTION

GLIOBLASTOMA

• There are several different kinds of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells.

Oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes

Ependymal cells

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INTRODUCTIONGLIOBLASTOMA MULTIPLE

• Is a malignant astrocytoma that contains areas of dead tumor cells.

• Gliosarcoma and giant cell glioblastoma are variants of glioblastoma multiforme. Approximately 50% of astrocytomas are glioblastomas.

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INTRODUCTIONGLIOBLASTOMA MULTIPLE

• Glioblastomas contain more than one cell type.

• While one cell type may die off in response to a particular treatment, the other cell types may continue to multiply.

• It makes very difficult the treatment.

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INTRODUCTIONEPIDERMAL GROWTH

FACTOR

• Is a small mitogenic protein that is thought to be involved in mechanisms such as normal cell growth, oncogenesis, and wound healing.

• It’s over produced in tumors.

• EGFR pathway actives NFKB.

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INTRODUCTION

NFKBIA gen

Encoding nuclear factor of κappa-light polypeptide

gene enhancer inB-cells inhibitor-α

It’s located in 14 chromosome

This gen encodes a protein called L-kappa-B (Inhibitor

of NFkappaB kinase)

This protein inhibits to NF-kappa-B trough a fusion between L-kappa-B -NF-

kappa-B

Which impedes its transfer to the nucleus and the

modification of the genetic expression.

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RELATION• When it is inactive, NF-KB is

located in the cytoplasm.

• Whereas, it is active is transported to the nucleus, where it gets in contact with EGFR and increased its action.

• In tumor cells, the NFKB can induce cellular proliferation

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RELATION• The increased signal in the

tumor's cells sent by the EGFR actives the NF-kappa-B receptor, causing the appearance of cancer, in this case, the multiple glioblastoma and the chemotherapy resistance.

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NFKBIA

NUCLEUS

EGFR

NFKB

WITHOUT NFKB DELETION

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NUCLEUS

EGFR

NFKB

NFKB DELETION

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

• Analyze NFKBIA deletion in glioblastomas

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MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES

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MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Muestra

se utilizaron 10 sistemas de estudio

de pacientes con glioblastomas

Tratados entre días 26 de 1989 y 12 de

agosto de 2009

Estudiando los pacientes y

tumores

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Tipos de datos:G= Datos del número de copia del gen E= Datos de expresión génica C= Datos clínicos M= O6 metilguanina DNA metiltransferasaS= Secuencia de datos (MGMT)

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LÍNEAS CELULARES Y PREPARACIÓN DEL DNA GENÓMICO

Glioblastomas LN229, U87,y U118

PT67 células empaquetadoras

retrovirales

Los cultivos primarios se cultivaron a partir de muestras de glioma

maligno

Las muestras del DNA genómico del tumor y las líneas celulares, se

aislaron y cuantificaron por Espectofotometría

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ESPECTOFOTOMETRÍA3. Cuando la luz atraviesa una sustancia, parte de la

energía es absorbida

4. La energía radiante no puede producir

ningún efecto sin ser absorbida.

1. Método de análisis óptico más

usado en las investigaciones

biológicas.

2. Compara la radiación absorbida de una

solución que contiene una cantidad desconocida

de solutos y una que tiene una cantidad

conocida de la sustancia

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INMUNOBLOT

Método donde se separan

proteínas por electroforesis

En poliacrilamida

que se disuelven en nitrocelulosa

Se detectan con anticuerpos que

reconocen los antígenos que

hay en ellas

La separación depende del

tamaño y de la carga

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APLICACIÓN DEL INMUNOBLOT

• Se realizó en el estudio para hallar en los pacientes la presencia del gen NFKBIA.

• Se sometieron las líneas celulares en SDS, cargado negativamente.

• De esa manera, se separaron las proteínas según su tamaño y su carga.

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RESULTADOS

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RESULTADOS

• En la unidad 1, se tomaron 219 glioblastomas, donde el 24,2% poseen deleción a NFKBIA.

• se afecta el cromosomas 14, el brazo corto en el loci 13.

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RESULTADOS

• La dosis génica se asigna, según la ubicación del cromosoma.

• La supresión de NFKBIA se asocia a una pérdida significativa de expresión en los 175 glioblastomas en el estudio de un conjunto donde se habían combinado los datos de genes.

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RESULTADOS

• Se han distinguido en diferentes estudios, varios subtipos de glioblastomas, como son: clásicos, mesenquimales, neuronales y proneuronales. Donde hay delación en mayor frecuencia en los proneuronales. Las amplificaciones de EGFR son mas comunes en los glioblastomas clásicos. Lo que indica exclusividad para la deleción de NFKBIA y amplificación de EGFR.

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RESULTADOSSe miraron 3 pacientes.• Paciente 1: hay disminución en la

acción de NFKBIA.

• Paciente 2: hay un poco de aumento en NFKBIA, sin importar que haya amplificación de EGFR.

• Paciente 3: NFKBIA tiene acción en un 100%, ya que hay presencia de este y EGFR no está amplificándose.

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DISCUSSION

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DISCUSSIONBredel M “We have observed, in a previous study, that glioblastoma

cells that do not respond to temozolomide chemotherapy have comparatively low expression of NFKBIA14 and, in this study, that increasing NFKBIA expression in these cells sensitizes them to temozolomide.”

Agree

Sethi G “Our findings, together with research showing the role of NFKBIA as a gatekeeper for EGFR signaling.”

Agree

Chakravarti A “And the involvement of EGFR activation in the lack of response of glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy”.

Agree

The Cancer Genome Atlas ResearchNetwork.

“The limited efficacy of molecular therapies targeting EGFR in glioblastomas suggests that the therapeutic effect of EGFR inhibition can be circumvented through cross-coupled signaling from other growth factor receptors that are mutated, amplified, or overexpressed in these tumors, such as PDGFRA, ERBB2, or MET”.

Agree

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CONCLUSSION

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CONCLUSSION• NFKBIA deletion allows that NFKB goes to nucleus, and it can

increase EGFR action, enhacing cell proliferation

• Analyzing the four molecular subtypes of glioblastoma, the research found that NFKBIA deletion and EGFR amplification have an special exclusive for only one subtype.

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CONCLUSSION• The researches of the NFKBIA gene, whose absence causes biological

situations similar to the increase of EGFR, contributes to the development of possible solutions to glioblastomas and its Resistance to treatment with temozolamide.

• In future researches, It will be taken into account not only the alteration of NFKBIA as an inductor of brain neoplasic processes. It will be taken into account too the fact that the gene alteration can be found in some variety of tumors such as Hodking lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, melanoma or breast, lung and colon cancer, seeking for efective treatments with bortezomib

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MAPA CONCEPTUAL

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GRACIAS