National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

NextSTEP Habitat Risk Reduction for Gateway

Tracy R. Gill, Michael Ching, E. Cherice Moore, James M. Clawson, Alexandra Cross, Paul D. Kessler, Mark A. Dillard, Douglas A. Craig

IAC-19-B3.7.3 October 24. 2019

NextSTEP BAAThere are currently 11 appendices of the NextSTEP Omnibus BAA as detailed on https://www.nasa.gov/nextstep: • Appendix A - Habitation Systems• Appendix B - Fabrication Laboratory (FabLab)• Appendix C - Power and Propulsion Element Studies• Appendix D - In-situ Resource Utilization• Appendix E - Human Landing System Studies, Risk Reduction, Development, and Demonstration• Appendix F - Trash Compaction and Processing• Appendix G - Space Relay Partnership and Services Study• Appendix H - Human Landing System - Integrated Lander• Appendix I - Commercial Destination Development in Low Earth Orbit using the ISS• Appendix J - Opportunities to Stimulate Demand in Low Earth Orbit through Applied Research• Appendix K – Commercial Destination Developments in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Free Flyer

Appendix A laid some ground work for future activities including Power and Propulsion Element and Gateway Logistics Services for companies engaged in multiple efforts

Artemis Phase 1 & Phase 2 Definitions

Phase 1: Today – 2024 Human surface landingMissions and systems required to achieve landing humans on the surface of the Moon in 2024

Phase 2: by 2028Establish a sustainable long-term presence on and around the Moon

• Minimum systems required to support a 2024 human landing while also supporting Phase 2

• Command center andaggregation point for 2024 human landing

• Strategic presence around the Moon – US in the leadership role

• Resilience sustainability and robustness in the lunar architecture

• Open architecture and interoperability standards are building blocks for partnerships and future expansion

Gateway Enables Lunar & Mars Exploration

Artemis Phase 2: Building Capabilities for Mars Missions

NextSTEP Appendix A – Habitation Contract PhasesCislunar habitation concepts that leverage commercialization plans for LEO NextSTEP Phase 1: 2015-2016

NextSTEP Phase 2: 2016-2019

Partners develop required deliverables, including concept descriptions with concept of operations, NextSTEP Phase 2 proposals, and statements of work.

• Partners refine concepts and develop ground prototypes. • NASA leads standards and common interfaces development.

FOUR SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT CONCEPTS RECEIVED

NORTHROP GRUMMANSIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION

LOCKHEED MARTIN ORBITAL ATK BOEINGBIGELOW AEROSPACE

NASA defines reference habitat architecture in preparation for Phase 3.

• Continued Habitation Development -> Bigelow, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Sierra Nevada Corp

• Further mature Gateway Habitation Module requirements and system definition

• Additional habitat ground prototype development and/or other risk reduction activities that address key risk areas.

• Extensibility studies to assess use of Gateway habitat concept(s) and technologies for lunar surface and Mars transport habitat applications.

• Results available to feed forward for future habitation application(s).

NextSTEP Phase 3: 2019-2020

BOEINGBIGELOW AEROSPACE LOCKHEED MARTIN

NANORACKS

8

Bigelow AerospaceLas Vegas, NV

Sierra NevadaLouisville, CO

Lockheed MartinDenver, CO

BoeingPasadena, TX

Northrop GrummanDulles, VA

Builds on proven cargo spacecraft development

Modular buildup

Leverages existing technologies

Expandable

Leverages Orion and robotic spacecraft

capabilities

Five full-sized ground prototypes delivered for testing in 2019. NextSTEP Habitat Prototype Testing in Phase 2

“The NextSTEP approach has been really helpful. The mockup showed us we had more cargo space in our habitat than we originally believed based on the CAD models.”

“The NextSTEP activity provided a unique approach and opportunity to develop a new deep space Gateway architecture and module designs in a highly integrated and collaborative partnership with NASA. The flexibility offered under this approach allowed for innovation and new ideas to be included in the design assessments, leading to an optimized solution to achieving NASA’s exploration goals.”

Lockheed Martin – Testing Complete at KSCMarch 25-29, 2019

Northrop Grumman – Testing Complete at JSCMay 6-10, 2019

Boeing – Testing Complete at MSFCJune 17-21, 2019

Sierra Nevada Corporation – Testing Complete at JSCJuly 29 – Aug 2, 2019

Bigelow Aerospace – Testing Complete at Bigelow, Las Vegas

Sept 9-13, 2019

Lunar Development Plans Summary

• Integrated Human Landing System• May 16, 2019 – selected 11 U.S. companies to conduct studies and build component-level prototypes under NextSTEP

BAA Appendix E – Descent Element, Transfer Element, and Refueling Element• July 19, 2019 – issued draft NextSTEP BAA Appendix H solicitation seeking comments from U.S. industry for

development and crewed demonstration of an integrated Human Landing System.• Multiple industry systems will be developed to support a 2024 lunar landing demonstration mission via Appendix H• Launch options to be proposed by offerors

• Aug. 30, 2019 – issued second draft of NextSTEP BAA Appendix H • Sep 30, 2019 – Final NextSTEP BAA Appendix H: Human Landing System Issued

• Gateway• May 20, 2019 – issued Logistics services RFP Synopsis for Gateway Logistics Services• May 23, 2019 – selected Maxar Technologies to provide the Power and Propulsion Element• July 19, 2019 – issued JOFOC signaling intent to procure Gateway minimum habitation module from Northrop Grumman

• Surface Suit• In-house development of initial capability space suit will mitigate schedule and mass risk to meet 2024 mission timeline• Evolvable design preserves options for sustained capability suit for Phase 2

Accomplishments and Lessons Learned• Gateway Design Influenced by NextSTEP Studies

• Common format Master Equipment Lists and Architecture Definition Documents enabled better objective assessment of contractor architectures and comparison to NASA reference architecture

• Identified key technology development required outside of commercial availability

• Encouraging Commercial Innovation Through Use of High-Level Ground Rules and Assumptions (GR&A)

• Focused on Architecture functional and performance capabilities rather than formal requirements. Avoided design prescription where possible

• Collaborative exchanges for trades on alternate approaches with rationale to drive changes for future iterations of the GR&As

• Helped identify high-risk GR&A driving the architecture (technical risk, cost, schedule)

• Managing Contractor Concepts Relative to NASA Architecture• Periodic reviews and the development of International Deep Space Standards synced NASA

reference architecture with capabilities established in the contractor architectures• NASA benefitted additional multiple contractor trade studies on many subsystem approaches

Accomplishments and Lessons Learned

• Contract Flexibility Advantages• Flexible BAA allowed contractors to define Statement of Work and

processes to encourage innovation• Organizing Contract Line Item Numbers (CLINs) allowed NASA options

for work to select (like a menu)• Phased acquisition approach required the contractor to submit a plan

with SOW, deliverables, schedules/milestones, and price estimates for the next phase

• Allows contractor and NASA to re-synchronize, adjust approaches, etc.

Accomplishments and Lessons Learned• Environmental Control and Life Support System

• Consolidation of Life Support System Maturation• Effort directed to Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems, Inc (HSSSI, now Collins

Aerospace) for studying a modular ECLSS to integrate among the contractors• Universal Pallet Structure Development

• A standard package scheme capable of being passed through docking system for installation flexibility and provide interface commonality

• Integrated Modular Control Architecture• Common computational modules distributed among the function groups where the

memory and data resources are shared to minimize mass and power• In-Flight Maintenance

• Commonality in parts, assemblies in maintenance units, optimize layout for parts requiring maintenance opposed to those not prone to failure

• Intelligent Health Monitoring System• Intelligent systems approach applied with modeling and simulation to discriminate

between different failure modes to isolate failures

Notional Life

Support Pallet

Concepts

Accomplishments and Lessons Learned• Supplemental Efforts to Augment Contractor Expertise

• Windows Material Database• Developed mass properties, environmental performance parameters, and optical

quality to allow alternatives to traditional optical quality glass designs• Structural Softgoods Assessments

• Developed handbook to specify the minimum set of requirements that allows the evaluation of a crewed softgoods structure, including the salient fabrication, test, and analysis areas

• VR and AR approaches and applications• Work being done at NASA on VR and AR for ISS missions was leveraged to assist,

augment, and increase collaboration in simulations with contractor efforts• Avionics, Radiation modeling and analysis, and other areas

• Design and Test Process with Multiple Partners• Obtained diversity in proposed solutions to meet the ground rules and

assumptions

Forward Work

• Habitat Element of the Gateway program – managed from Marshall Space Flight Center – plans to continue work to mature concepts for the Gateway, focused on a habitat module.

• August of 2019, the Habitat Element released draft requests for proposals for NextSTEP Habitat Phase 3 activities to progress habitat module concepts towards a higher level of maturity to Bigelow, Boeing, Lockheed, and Sierra Nevada Corporation. That work is planned for Fiscal Year 2020

Conclusion

• NextSTEP Appendix A Phase 2 provided an opportunity for commercial partners to propose and develop innovative concepts leveraging their commercial and core competencies that can fulfil NASA requirements and for NASA to learn about diverse, alternative approaches toward establishing a lunar outpost

Thanks to the NASA and contractor test teams for the success of the NextSTEP Habitation Appendix A Phase 2 work

National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED • NASA INTERNAL USE ONLY • DO NOT DISTRIBUTE

QUESTIONS?

Backup

Gateway Logistics Services

June 14 – Draft RFP issued to U.S. industry

June 26 – Industry forum with media availability

Aug 16 – final solicitation for firm fixed-price contract

U.S. industry to begin delivering cargo, experiments, and supplies to deep space beginning in 2024.

Gateway HALO(Habitation and Logistics Outpost)

• Minimum capability necessary to support a lunar mission, with significant reliance on Orion life support and crew systems

HALO