Next Generation Firewalls:A Discussion on Consolidated Security, Application Inspection and Blended Threat Mitigation

Christian Barnes

Materials:Kostas Sfakiotakis, FCNSPManager, Systems Engineering

The Threats You Face Continue to Grow

Exponential Growth in Malware Threatsin thousands

U.S. DoD Reported Incidents of Malicious Cyber Activityin thousands

Coordinated and blended attacks are now a common practice

Increased processing power required

Motive and intent has moved from notoriety to financial gain

Cyber security is critical

In the News:

Stuxnet attack on Iranian Nuclear Facility

Flame Virus-10 times more sophisticated than Stuxnet

RSA and Sony APT breaches

Anonymous BART attack

Healthnet’s Medical Records compromised

US banks targeted by Russian cyber-gangster groups

Google & Yahoo targeted DNS attacks

Scada Protocols targeted by Cyber-terrorist groups

Hundreds more…

You Have to Do More with Less

• Increase access to backend data and systems• Decrease risk of unauthorized access• Increase effectiveness of existing resources and investments• Reduce complexity of security infrastructure• Lower operating and capital costs

You Need to Prepare for the Next Threat

• Eliminate your blind spots • Demonstrate your policy compliance• Lower your response time• Accelerate adoption of best practices and

expert systems• Reduce the potential of significant or

catastrophic loss to reputation or revenue

Evolution of the Threat Landscape

Recreation

Activism

Financial Gain

Enterprising

Thinking Strategically About Security

• Future-proof your security infrastructure

− Anticipate change in threatscape• Look for opportunities to

consolidate without compromise− Reduce complexity− Increase protection− Decrease risk− Lower CapEx & OpEx

• Move beyond tactical responses to threats

Magic Quadrant for Unified Threat Management

Reducing Complexity Is Critical

•Source: Navigating IT: Objective & ObstaclesInfoworld, May, 2011

Q: What are the top security-related challenges your organization is facing? (base: of those that are involved in Security investments)

Solve Everyday Problems

Emily, a financial trader, installed Skype on her company laptop to talk with family.

Bill works for a Fortune 100 company and shares company details on Facebook.

Ed shared a company presentation via his personal Gmail account.

Jill is at Starbucks and needs to communicate and be protected as if she was at HQ.

Endpoint Control

2-Factor Authentication

VPN TunnelingWAN Optimization

Identity & Device-Based Policies

Data Leak Protection

Improve Productivity – Limiting Web Access

“Your daily quota for this category of webpage has expired…URL: beach-camera.store.buy.com

Category: Shopping and Auction”

• Overlapping, complementary layers of protection• Comprehensive, integrated inspection• Allow but don’t trust any application• Examine all application content

Examine All Applications-Don’t Trust Any

Application Inspection and Control Overview

Application Security Evolution

• In the beginning − Apps easily defined

▪ Port or Protocol− Policies easily defined and enforced

▪ Allow or deny▪ Content and behavior predictable

• And then came the Web− The world has never been the same

Application Security Evolution

• Traditional Approach: Primary line of defense at the perimeter » One-to-one assignment of port to

application usage• Web, SNMP, FTP, Telnet

» To block the applications, simply close the port

Web

SNMP

FTP

Telnet

Data Center

PORT 80

Application Security Evolution

• Today: Web-centric world • Requires new approach for securing

applications» How to allow trusted applications, deny

untrusted?• Threats are application agnostic

» Any application can serve as a host to malicious activity

twitterfacebook

YAHOO! MAIL

salesforceWL MessengerGoogle

What is Application Control?

• Layer 7 analysis of traffic determines the application regardless of TCP port»Doesn’t just associate a port with an

application»Can detect IM/P2P/etc running over port

80

• Detects applications inside of applications»Tunneling P2P/IM/etc inside http

What is Application Control?

• Granular control of applications in a network»Allow, block or traffic shape individual applications»Perform above actions based on user identity»Control application commands»Control web applications

• Allows a new level of application, port and user-based reporting»What does the application look like on the surface

• Port, Source Address, Country of Origin

»What does the application look like under the surface• Application, Behavior, Signatures, Reputation

Controlling Web Applications

• Allow Facebook, but block Facebook applications» Farmville, anyone?

» Facebook Chat

» Facebook Video

• Allow YouTube, but block YouTube download• Allow Google Maps, but block Google Web Talk

Proxy Avoidance

• Web content filtering provides protection against proxy websites

• Application control provides protection against proxy based applications»Ultrasurf, Gtunnel, dozens of others

Rate Shaping

• Traffic doesn’t have to be just allowed or blocked• Now we can rate shape on an application basis instead of just a port number

• Allow streaming media usage, but limit bandwidth• Regain control of your Internet link(s)

Controlling Application Commands and Web Applications

• Allow users to download via FTP (GET) but block uploading (PUT)

• Block HTTP Resume• Can circumvent A/V inspection

• URL filtering isn’t enough• More and more applications on the web

• Impossible to control via a traditional firewall

Business Drivers for Application Control

• New services and applications»Web 2.0 services over HTTP(S)» IM, P2P and gaming that port-hop

• Non-business applications can be problematic and expose liability» IM, P2P and anonymous proxy»Non-productive bandwidth usage»Evasion of security or corporate policy»Difficult to detect and stop

• TCP/UDP port filtering ineffective• Next-generation firewall required!

Threat Landscape:Malicious Activity within Trusted Applications

Security Challenges

• Blended attacks• Application-focused attacks• “Oldies but Goodies” still exist

− Nothing goes away. Ever.

• “Survival instinct” of applications much higher than before− Built-in evasion techniques

• Must assume malicious activity occurs within trusted applications

• Let’s take a closer look at some examples…

Advanced Evasion Techniques (AETs)

Botnets and APTs employ AETs: Advanced Persistent Threats (Cyber Threats) Advanced Evasion Techniques Fast Flux and Proxies Communication Encryption and Watermarking

IE: Port 443 Custom Protocol Communication

Code Obfuscation and Packing Data Safe Havens Metamorphic & Polymorphic Malware

Advanced Evasion Techniques (AETs)

Threat Landscape-Blended Threat & Botnet Examples

• The Corporate Botnet - PhishingEmployee has clicked a link in a spam email and accessed a phishing site. The subsequent infection links their laptop to a Botnet, opening the door to the compromise of the integrity of the entire network.

.

CIO Fears and Concerns

• The Corporate BotnetEmployee has clicked a link in a spam email and accessed a phishing site. The subsequent infection links their laptop to a Botnet, opening the door to the integrity of the entire network being compromised.

.

ZEUS/ZBOT

• Email contains link to false domain• Credentials entered in to fake site• BOT infection sent to user as a “ Facebook

Security Update” application• User installs BOT and is now infected, all data

is compromised• Connection is then redirected to real

Facebook site so user is not suspicious• Prevalent today and sold as a crime kit.

Threat Landscape-Blended Threat & Botnet Examples

• The Corporate Botnet – Legitimate Site CompromisedEmployee access a legitimate site, but it or one of its content providers has been compromised and is now hosting malicious code.

.

CIO Fears and Concerns

• The Corporate BotnetEmployee has clicked a link in a spam email and accessed a phishing site. The subsequent infection links their laptop to a Botnet, opening the door to the integrity of the entire network being compromised.

.

FakeAV Botnet

• In 2009 the advertising network used by the New York Times was infected by a malicious flash advertisement

• Readers were accessing the NYT site but were provided with the infected advertisement

• This directed users to a site hosting the exploit code to install fake antivirus software.

.

Threat Landscape-Blended Threat & Botnet Examples

• Targeted Attack – Spear PhishingUsing social engineering to distribute emails with links to malware, the emails are relevant to the corporation being targeted. Infected documents (PDF, DOC, XLS) can use software exploits to infect systems

.

CIO Fears and Concerns

• The Corporate BotnetEmployee has clicked a link in a spam email and accessed a phishing site. The subsequent infection links their laptop to a Botnet, opening the door to the integrity of the entire network being compromised.

.

Kneber (Zeus) Botnet

• In 2010 a spear phishing attack on US .mil and .gov employees by a Zeus variant infected 50,000+ end systems

• Data stolen included: Corporate Login credentials Email and webmail access Online Banking sites Social Network credentials SSL Certificates

Threat Landscape-Blended Threat & Botnet Examples

• RansomwareOnce installed is very difficult to reverse, files are encrypted, this isn’t just based on the fear that something might happen, once you are reading the ransom note your data has already been encrypted.

CIO Fears and Concerns

• The Corporate BotnetEmployee has clicked a link in a spam email and accessed a phishing site. The subsequent infection links their laptop to a Botnet, opening the door to the integrity of the entire network being compromised.

.

gpCode Ransomware

• Once installed searches hard drive for document and media files

• Files are encrypted with a 1024bit key which only the attacker has the decryption key

• Ransom note is displayed to user, system continues to operate but data is inaccessible

• Will encrypt xls, doc, pdf, txt, rar, zip, avi, jpg, mov, etc…

Trends: Crimeware & Crime Services

Ransom, Blackmail, Turf Wars Up to $150k USD Monthly

Crimeware Weaponized Exploits for Sale

($10k+) Crime Services

New Horizons: Cloud Processing

Affiliate Programs (PPI):Earn $140 / 1K Installs (USA)

Trends: Crimeware & Crime Services

• Zeus botnet operators rely heavily on mules …

Crimeware: Documents, GUIs, Management

Mobile Vulnerabilities

< 2010: iOS Jailbreaks, Public Concept

2011: Rage in the Cage Android < 2.1/2.2 March 2011 – 21 Apps Pulled

2012: Levitator Android < 2.3.6 Honeycomb, Ice Cream (3&4)

2012-2013: Galaxy S3

NFC (Near Field Communication) Payload Drive-By Remote Wipe

Mobile Malware

2012-2013: Tigerbot Auto-Jailbreak [Spy Trojan]• Symbian, Blackberry, AndroidZitmo (Zeus in the Mobile) SMS Spy Upgrade Android/Fakemart (20 Y/O Arrest, 500k Euros Profit) Cloud To Device Messaging (Google C2DM) CAPTCHA Cracking (OCR), Uninstall Hooks Ransomware and APT...

Addressing the Threat Landscape:Complete Content Protection

LOCK & KEY

ANTI-SPYWARE

ANTI-SPAM

WEB FILTER

ANTI-VIRUS

VPN

IPS

FIREWALL

APP CONTROL

PHYSICAL

CONNECTION-BASED

HARDWARE THEFT

1980s 1990s 2000s Today

Pe

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CONTENT-BASED

SPYWARE

WORMS

SPAM

BANNED CONTENT

TROJANS

VIRUSES

INTRUSIONS

APP LAYER ATTACKS

HARDWARE THEFTHARDWARE THEFT

Security:Followed The Internet Evolution

“I.T. departments must manage a growing array of specialized security technologies that may or may not work together to help security departments detect and halt attacks.”“Security Professionals Say Network Breaches Are Rampant” Ponemon Institute Survey New York Times 6/22/11

The Result:More Expense, Less Security, Less Control

PHYSICAL

CONNECTION-BASED

CONTENT-BASED

ANTI-SPYWARE

ANTI-SPAM

WEB FILTER

ANTI-VIRUS

VPN

IPS

FIREWALL

LOCK & KEY

SPYWARE

WORMS

SPAM

BANNED CONTENT

TROJANS

VIRUSES

INTRUSIONS

HARDWARE THEFT

1980s 1990s 2000s Today

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

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APP CONTROLAPP LAYER ATTACKS

Complete Content Protection

Consolidated Security with Real Time Updates

• Intrusion Prevention: Vulnerabilities and ExploitsBrowser and website attack code crafted by hackers and criminal gangs.

• Application Control: Unwanted Services and P2P LimitingBotnet command channel, compromised Facebook applications, independent of port or protocol

• Web Filtering: Multiple categories and Malicious sitesBotnet command, phishing, search poisoning, inappropriate content

• Antispam: Unsolicited messagesPhishing, Malware, Social Engineering and Junk

• Antivirus: All malicious codeDocuments, macros, scripts, executablesDelivered via Web, Email, USB, Instant messaging, social networks, etc

• Vulnerability Management: Real time exploit updatesMultiple scanning points FortiGate, FortiAnalyzer, FortiWeb, FortiDB, and FortiScan

The Zeus Attack vs. Complete Content Protection

• Email Sent – Contains link to compromised site.

Mail message detected as spam (phishing)

• Phishing site sends BOT infection to user disguised as ‘Security Update’ application

Content scanning prevents malicious content from being downloaded

• End user executes BOT application, is infected and now all their data is compromised

Botnet command channel is blocked, no compromised data can be sent.Security administrator is alerted of the infected system.

• End user accesses phishing site, enters credentials, and criminals now have their details .. Access to phishing website is blocked

ANTISPAM

WEB FILTER

ANTIVIRUS

INTRUSIONDETECTION

Real Threat Protection in Action

“Innocent” Video Link:Redirects to malicious Website

Integrated Web FilteringBlocks access to malicious Website

Network AntivirusBlocks download of virus

Intrusion ProtectionBlocks the spread of the worm

Solution:

Error message:

“Drops” copy of itself on system and attempts to propagate

“Out of date” Flash player error:“Download” malware file

Problem:

FortiGate

• Integrated security appliance− Network threat detection− Application-aware content scanning

• Accelerated performance− Hardware acceleration with custom ASICs

• Reduce the number of vendors and appliances

− No 3rd party software/subscription dependencies− No user count or application licensing

• FortiGuard Services− Antivirus, IPS, App Controls, Antispam, Web

Content Filtering

World’s Fastest Firewall

Tests Using BreakingPoint™ FireStorm Prove FortiGate-5140B to be the World's Fastest Firewall

• 559 Gbps of UDP traffic • 526 Gbps of real-world application traffic

» Facebook, Pandora Radio and AOL Instant Messenger» Up to 10,000 iTunes songs per second» Up to 228,000 Web pages per second

Real-World Testing

FortiGuard Distribution Network:Global Research, Updates, Services

FortiGuard Research:• Rootkits: Kernel Hooks• Botnets: Dynamic Monitoring, Spambots,

New Malware Protocols• Malware: Code Techniques-PDF/Flash/Doc• Security: Exploits & Vulnerabilities, Zero Day Detection• Packer Research: Unpacking, Generic Detection

FortiGuard Services:• AV Signatures – 4x Daily• IPS Signatures – 2x Daily• Antispam/Web Content Filtering – Real Time• Sample Collection• Signature Creation• Alerts & Escalation

Global Distribution Network:• Application Control• Vulnerability Management• Antispam• Web Filtering• Intrusion Prevention• Antivirus

Thank you!

Questions?