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Newsletter of Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre

DMMC Newsletter, 1 (1), 2007

Chief Patron

N.S. Napalchyal

Principal Secretary, DM

Patron

P.S. Jangpangi

Additional Secretary, DM

Chief Editor

Dr. Piyoosh Rautela

Executive Director, DMMC

Editorial Board

Girish Chandra Joshi, Senior Executive, DMMC

Dr. K.N. Pande, Junior Executive, DMMC

Major (Retd.) Rahul Jugaran, Junior Executive, DMMC

Bhupendra Bhaisora, Manager, DMMC

Address for communication:

Executive Director

Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre

Uttarakhand Secretariat

Rajpur Road, Dehradun – 248 001

Uttarakhand (India)

Phone: 91 – 135 – 2710232, 2710233, 2710334, 1070

FAX: 91 – 135 – 2710199, 2710335

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Preface Disasters routinely put heavy pressure upon public exchequer and the funds earmarked

for development have to be diverted for post disaster relief, rescue and rehabilitation.

Economic toll of disasters has been on the rise globally and the states are finding it hard

to cope up with the challenge put forth by disasters. Disaster impact is a function of the

vulnerability of the masses that depends upon the likelihood of hazard and the capacity of

the people to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of the hazard.

Burgeoning population, concentration of population at urban and proto-urban centres,

unplanned growth, rampant unemployment and consequent low incomes, low awareness

levels, inappropriate rules as also their inadequate enforcement and implementation

enhance the vulnerability of populace in India to disasters. This enhanced vulnerability is

responsible for increasing frequency and toll of the disasters in the recent years.

The poor find it hard to replace their assets lost in disasters and this further enhances the

poverty of this already impoverished group. Enhanced poverty leads to their vulnerability

levels being further enhanced. So with each disaster the poverty levels and the

vulnerability of the poor gets enhanced. It is this interrelationship between disaster and

poverty that is responsible for deepening poverty of the masses and something concrete

has to be put forth to intervene and bring these vulnerable sections of the society into the

mainstream of the national economy.

Awareness level of the masses is vital for effective disaster management; it ensures

propagation and voluntary compliance of disaster reduction techniques. This news

magazine of Department of Disaster Management, Government of Uttarakhand is an

attempt to popularize the message of disaster safe community by propagating cost

effective and socially acceptable vulnerability reduction methodologies. This at the same

time is envisaged to provide a platform to highlight the work being done by the

Government as also other agencies for reducing the vulnerability of the masses. Sharing

of experiences through this forum would be a learning experience for all.

We welcome contributions from all involved in the field of disaster management and

look forward to wider dissemination of the news magazine. You are welcome to request

for free subscription of the magazine.

N.S. Napalchyal

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HkwdEi lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M ds fy;s vfHk;Urkvksa dk izf'k{k.kHkwdEi lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M ds fy;s vfHk;Urkvksa dk izf'k{k.kHkwdEi lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M ds fy;s vfHk;Urkvksa dk izf'k{k.kHkwdEi lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M ds fy;s vfHk;Urkvksa dk izf'k{k.k Engineers, well trained in earthquake resistant construction techniques, are a must for

ensuring environment of seismic safety. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India

has launched a nation wide programme (National Programme for Capacity Building of

Engineers in Earthquake Risk management; NPCBEERM) for achieving this objective.

National and State Resource Institutions have also been identified for training the trainers

and practicing engineers respectively.

mRrjk[k.M ds fy;s Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] :M+dh jk"Vªh; lalk/ku laLFkku (NRI) rFkk Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] :M+dh ,oa xksfoUn cYyHk iar d`f"k ,oa izkS|ksfxdh fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj jkT; laLkk/ku laLFkku (SRI) ds :i esa fpfUgr gSA o"kZ 2006&07 esa mRrjk[k.M }kjk dk;ZØe dk izFke pj.k lQyrkiwoZd iw.kZ dj fy;k x;k gS ftlds vUrxZr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dks ogn :i fn;s tkus ds mn~ns'; ls izf'k{kdksa ds lewg fpfgUr dj mUgsa jk"Vªh; lalk/ku laLFkku ds ek/;e ls HkwdEi vojks/kh Hkou fuekZ.k dh fo/kk esa xgu izf'k{k.k fn;k x;k gSA ekg ebZ] 2007 esa dk;ZØe ds f}rh; pj.k ds izf'k{k.k vkjEHk fd;s x;s ftlds vUrxZr 7 ls 19 ebZ] 2007 ds e/; HkwdEi vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx] Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] :M+dh esa jkT; ljdkj dh fofHkUu dk;Znk;h laLFkkvksa ds 34 vfHk;Urkvksa dks HkwdEi lqjf{kr Hkou fuekZ.k dk izf'k{k.k fn;k x;kA izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dk mn~?kkVu jk"Vªh; HkwdEi lykgdkj izksQslj vkuUn Lo:i vk;kZ }kjk fd;k x;k rFkk lekiu lekjksg dh v/;{krk vij lfpo] vkink izcU/ku foHkkx] mRrjk[k.M 'kklu] Jh iz;kx flag taxikaxh }kjk dh x;hA f}rh; pj.k dk nwljk izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe fnukad 14 ls 25 ebZ] 2007 ds e/; xksfoUn cYyHk] iar d`f"k ,oa izkS|ksfxdh fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA bl izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa jkT; ljdkj ds 33 vfHk;Urkvksa }kjk izfrHkkx fd;k x;kA bl Øe esa vxyk izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe jkT; vfHk;Urk izf'k{k.k laLFkku dkykx<+ esa fnukad 09 ls 20 tqykbZ] 2007 ds e/; vk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA vfHk;Urkvksa ds izf'k{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkt fefL=;ksa dks Hkh HkwdEi vojks/kh Hkou fuekZ.k dh fo/kk esa izf'kf{kr fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj blds fy;s vkink jkgr dks"k ds vUrxZr miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA orZeku rd jkT; esa 700 jktfefL=;ksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA jkT; ljdkj ds ;g iz;kl HkwdEi lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M cukus ds fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA

Tradition of multistoried structures in earthquake prone Uttarakhand Entire Himalayan terrain is highly vulnerable to earthquakes and falling in seismic gap of

1934 Bihar - Nepal and 1905 Kangara earthquakes seismic vulnerability of Uttarakhand

is relatively high. Entire State falls in Zone IV and V of the Earthquake Risk Map of

India and has witnessed two seismic events in the recent past (1991 Uttarkashi

Earthquake, 1999 Chamoli Earthquake) and would have experienced seismicity in the

past as well.

Communities residing in areas often affected by earthquakes were quick to understand

that earthquake induced losses could be reduced by ensuring safety of the structures and

this led to the evolution of innovative practices for minimizing human losses emanating

from structural collapse.

Despite experiencing earthquakes (Chalak in Kumaoni; the local parlance) multistoried

houses are common in Uttarakhand and apart from the cattle sheds (channi in Kumaoni)

one can hardly locate a single storied traditional house in the region. There exist unique

words for identifying different floors in the two local dialects of the region; Kumaoni

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(ground floor, goth; first floor, chaak; second floor, paan; third floor, chaj) and Garhwali

(ground floor, kholi; first floor, manjua; second floor, baund; third floor, baraur) which

suggests common occurrence of multistoried houses in the region. In Yamuna and

Bhagirathi valleys four to five storied traditional structures can still be observed

(identified as Chaukhat; four storied or Panchapura; five storied). These have survived

many earthquakes and in the absence of the elements of earthquake safety these would

have long been razed to ground. The zeal to protect the community, by utilizing

accumulated knowledge and experimenting with locally available building material,

paved way for the evolution of a unique architectural style that exhibits structural

evolution trends whereby dry stone masonry, as also stone – lime / mud / clay mortar

masonry was judiciously used with abundantly available wood to provide appropriate

strength and flexibility to the structures.

With the popularization of cement based construction practices and with increasing

difficulty in mustering local building material elements of local architecture are being

lost; lack of patronage is forcing the traditional masons to switch over to new

construction practices.

lM+d nq?kZVuk;salM+d nq?kZVuk;salM+d nq?kZVuk;salM+d nq?kZVuk;sa jk"Vªh; vkink izcU/ku vf/kfu;e&2005 }kjk vkink dks dkQh foLrr :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vkink mijkUr jkgr lgk;rk gsrq x`g ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk cuk;s x;s ekudksa dh ifjf/k dks dkQh lhfer j[kk x;k gSA ifjogu nq?kZVukvksa ds bl ifjf/k ds vUrxZr u vkus ds dkj.k bu nq?kZVukvksa ls izHkkfor gksus okys O;fDr;ksa dks vkink jkgr dks"k ls lgk;rk nh tk lduh lEHko ugha gks ikrh gSA lM+d nq?kZVukvksa ds lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk ij iM+us okys vlj ls cs[kcj Loa; dks vkink dh ifjHkk"kk dh lhekvksa esa ckW/ks ge izk;% HkwdEi]

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HkwL[kyu] ck<+ pØokr ,oa lw[kk ds lkeus bls ,d NksVh ?kVuk ds :i esa ns[krs gSa; ij D;k gekjk ;g n`f"Vdks.k mfpr gS\ o"kZ 2005 esa ns'k Hkj esa LkM+d nq?kZVukvksa ds dkj.k 94]900 O;fDr;ksa dh eR;q gqbZ vkSj bl vof/k esa vdsys nsgjknwu tiun esa NksVh&cM+h lM+d nq?kZVukvksa esa 160 O;fDr ekjs x;sA fo'o Hkj esa ekuoh; ekSr ds 100 ls vf/kd dkj.kksa dk xgu v/;;u o fo'ys"k.k djus ds mijkUr o"kZ 1990 esa lM+d nq?kZVuk dks ekuoh; ekSr ds ukSos lcls cM+s dkj.k ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkdM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij o"kZ 2020 rd blds NBs LFkku ij igqap tkus dh lEHkkouk;sa O;Dr dh tk jgh gSA vkink dh ifjHkk"kk ds vUrxZr u vkus ds dkj.k tgka ,d vksj lM+d nq?kZVuk ls izHkkforksa dks laLFkkxr lgk;rk dk ykHk ugha fey ikrk gS ogh buls gksus okyh {kfr dks U;wu fd;s tkus ds fy;s Bksl ;kstuk ugha cuk;h tk ldh gSA ifjogu] iqfyl ,oa yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx lM+d nq?kZVukvksa ls gksus okyh {kfr dk mRrjnkf;Ro izk;% ,d nwljs ds Åij Fkksirs jgrs gSa vkSj vkink dh ifjHkk"kk ls cWa/kk vkink izcU/ku foHkkx nwj fdadrZO;foew<+ [kM+k viuh foo"krk ij vkWlw cgkrk n`f"Vxr gksrk gSA gekjk mn~ns'; ekuoh; d"Vksa dks ;FkklEHko de djuk gSA ifjHkk"kkvksa dks iquZifjHkkf"kr djuk 'kk;n cqf)thfo;ksa dk dke gks ldrk gS vkSj irk ugha dc mudk /;ku bl vksj tk;sA rc rd ge ;w gh gkFk ij gkFk /kjs rks cSBs ugha jg ldrsA gesa viuh lhek;sa rksM+uh gksxh( fey dj lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dks jksdus ds fy;s izHkkoh j.kuhfr rS;kj djuh gksxh rkfd ;krk;kr nq?kZVukvksa ls gksus okyh {kfr dks ;FkklEHko U;wu fd;k tk ldsA mRrjk[k.M jkT; }kjk lM+d nq?kZVukvksa ls izHkkforksa ds fy;s eq[;ea=h jkgr dks"k ls lgk;rk dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gS tks fd ,d vR;Ur ljkguh; igy gS vkSj bldh ifjf.kfr lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dks jk"Vª Lrj ij laLFkkxr lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa ls vkPNkfnr fd;s tkus esa gksxhA lkFk gh lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dks vkink jkgr dks"k ls vkPNkfnr fd;s tkus ,oa bl gsrq laLFkkxr laLkk/kuksa dh miyC/krk lqfuf'pr fd;s tkus ds fy;s fofHkUu Lrjksa ij iz;kl fd;s tkus vko';d gSaA 'kh?kz gh ns'k Hkj esa vkink U;wuhdj.k dks"k dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh gS vkSj bu iz;klksa ds lQy gksus dh fLFkfr esa lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dks jksdus ds fy;s fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZ ds fy;s laLFkkxr lgk;rk lgt gh miyC/k gks ldsxhA

Site selection: Ingenuity of our ancestors Appropriateness of the site selected for the construction of any structure has a direct

bearing upon the safety of the same. Howsoever structurally safe a house be, if

constructed at an unsuitable place, would certainly fail to ensure safety of its inhabitants.

Site selection is thus the basis of disaster safe construction. Tradition emphasizes this

element and a survey carried out in the State revealed existence of an elaborate site

selection procedure that is in vogue even today. Continuation of any practice over

generations suggests that the communities must be deriving some benefits by practicing

it. May be the community observed the defaulters being wiped out by nature’s wrath and

this might have added to the community’s belief in it. Religio – magical sanction

associated with this show community’s resolve to ensure mass acceptance (voluntary

compliance) of the dictum.

Selection of stable and flat land is often cited as the primary site selection criteria. Local

priest is reportedly consulted for ascertaining the suitability of the site selected for

construction purposes. Majority holds that the advice is based on the observation of the

soil of the proposed construction site. Physical inspection of the construction site and

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personal experience and wisdom of the person extending the advice are considered to be

other criterion for this advice. Some also believe this advice to be based on astronomical

calculations.

It seems that some persons based upon their experience and accumulated knowledge

could assess and comment upon the bearing capacity of soil by examining soil texture,

moisture content and the other related features. This technique requires to be studied,

documented and propagated (with necessary improvements where necessary). This would

pave way for quick and cost effective site selection methodology, besides innovaling

upon the traditional wisdom of the people.

Nk=ksa ds lkFk vkink lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M dh vksjNk=ksa ds lkFk vkink lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M dh vksjNk=ksa ds lkFk vkink lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M dh vksjNk=ksa ds lkFk vkink lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M dh vksj vkinkvksa ds dkj.k gj o"kZ ekuo thou] lEifRr o vFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkkjh {kfr dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA lkekU; lksp ds foijhr vkinkvksa dk izHkko lEiw.kZ leqnk; ij ,d leku ugha gksrkA lekt ds dqN oxksZ o lewgksa dh ges'kk gh vkinkvksa ls vis{kkdr T;knk izHkkfor gks ldus dh lEHkkouk;sa vis{kkdr vf/kd gksrh gSA leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa efgykvksa] cPpksa] cqtqxksZ o v{ke O;fDrvksa ds vkink ls vf/kd izHkkfor gksus dh lEHkkouk gksrh gS ;k fQj bu oxksZ dh ?kkrdrk dk Lrj vf/kd gksrk gSA foxr ds vuqHkoks ds vk/kkj ij le;&le; ij cPpksa dh ?kkrdrk dk Lrj U;wu djus lEcfU/kr iz;klksa ij cy fn;s tkus dh vko';drk n'kkZ;h tkrh jgh gSA bl fn'kk esa mRrjk[k.M jkT; }kjk ldkjkRed igy dh x;h gS vkSj orZeku esa fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ dks fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS%

1- tkx:drk 2- {kerk fodkl 3- iwoZ rS;kjh

tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa ds vUrxZr le;&le; ij fo|ky;ksa esa vkink fo"k;d O;k[;ku] pyfp= izn'kZu o izfr;ksfxrk;sa vk;ksftr dh tkrh gS vkSj vkink lEcfU/kr tkudkfj;ksa ds izpkj&izlkj

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gsrq fo'ks"k :i ls Ldwyh cPpksa dks /;ku esa j[k dj fodflr o eqfnzr lkexzh dk fooj.k fd;k tkrk gSA vc rd 2]350 v/;kid o 10]000 ls vf/kd Nk= bu dk;ZØeksa ls ykHkkfUor gq, gSA jkT; ljdkj }kjk d{kk 06 ls 10 rd vkink ,oa vkink izcU/ku fo"k;d v/;k;ksa dks fu;fer ikB~;Øe esa lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k gSA jkT; ljdkj ds bu iz;klksa }kjk vkink izcU/ku ds izfr tkx:d gks jgh ;qok ih<+h vkink lqjf{kr mRrjk[k.M cukus ds jkT; ljdkj ds ladYi dks iwjk djus dh fn'kk esa ,d ldkjkRed dne gSA Nk=ksa esa vkink fo"k;d tkx:drk ykus ds lkFk gh mUgsa izkFkfed fpfdRlk dk xgu izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k tk jgk gSA bl iz;kl esa lSUV tkUl ,EcwysUl fczxsM dk lg;ksx fy;k tk jgk gS vkSj vc rd 160 ls vf/kd Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks buds ek/;e ls izf'kf{kr o izekf.kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA

vkink dh fLFkfr esa oSdfYid lapkj O;oLFkk ds egRo ds n`f"Vxr 48 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks HAM jsfM;ks lapkyu dk izf'k{k.k iznku fd;k x;k gSA vkinkvksa ls csgrj :Ik esa fuiVus ds mn~ns'; ls fo|ky;ksa dks vkink izcU/ku dk;Z;kstuk cuk;s tkus gsrq izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gS o fo|ky;ksa esa vkink fo"k;d vH;klkssa (Mock drills) dk vk;kstu fu;fer :i ls fd;k tk jgk gSA bu dk;Z;kstukvksa dks O;ogkfjd o mi;ksxh cuk;s tkus ds mn~ns'; ls le;&le; ij f'k{kdksa ds fy;s izf'k{k.k f'kfojksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj ds ,d f'kfoj dk vk;kstu fnuakd 21 ls 24 ebZ] 2007 d e/; lfpoky; ifjlj fLFkr vkink U;wuhdj.k ,oa izcU/ku dsUnz esa fd;k x;kA bl f'kfoj esa tuin nsgjknwu ds 60 fofHkUu fo|ky;ksa ds 230 ls vf/kd v/;kid@v/;kfidkvksa }kjk izfrHkkx fd;k x;kA bl dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr izfrHkkfx;ksa dks vkink fo"k;d tkudkfj;kW nh x;h o mUgsa vkink izcU/ku dk;Z;kstuk cuk;s tkus ds egRo ls ifjfpr djok;k x;kA dk;ZØe ds vUr esa izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk vkink izcU/ku dk;Z;kstuk fodflr djus dk ladYi fy;k x;kA la;qDr jk"Vª Lo;a lsodksa] MkW0 ijes'oj n;ky ekFkqj o Jherh iq"iyrk jkor ,oa vkink U;wuhdj.k ,oa izcU/ku dsUnz ds fo'ks"kKksa Jh fxjh'k pUnz tks'kh o MkW0 dsoykuUn ik.Ms ds fopkjksa ,oa iz;klksa dks izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk vR;Ur ljkgk x;kA v/;kidksa o Nk=ksa ls tqM+s vkink izcU/ku foHkkx ds ;g dk;Z vkink ds izfr tkx:d lekt cukus dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA iz;klksa }kjk vkinkvksa ds vkus dh ckjEckjrk vkSj

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buls gksus okys fouk'k dks de rks fd;k tk ldrk gS ijUrq bUgsa iw.kZr% jksdk ugha tk ldrkA lkekftd tkx:drk ,oa iwoZ rS;kjh }kjk ?kkrdrk ds Lrj dks fuf'pr gh U;wu fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj vkink izcU/ku foHkkx blds izfr lefiZr gSA

Issue of school safety in Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha

Ms Karen Hilton, nominated member of the Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha representing the

Anglo-Indian community drew the attention of the House towards urgently making

schools earthquake safe, during the ongoing Budget Session. Ms Karen expressed

concern over schools functioning in multi-storied buildings without adequate earthquake

safety measures and response plans. She urged the Government to bring forth measures

that would make it mandatory for all schools to ensure earthquake safety of the school

buildings. She called upon the team of experts to undertake detailed earthquake safety

audit of the school buildings in the State.

Mock Exercise on Earthquake vH;lsu rq dkSUrs; oSjX;su p xzg~;rsA vH;lsu rq dkSUrs; oSjX;su p xzg~;rsA vH;lsu rq dkSUrs; oSjX;su p xzg~;rsA vH;lsu rq dkSUrs; oSjX;su p xzg~;rsA Lord Krishna, in Bhagvadgita, informs Arjuna that it is by practice (abhyas) that one develops detachment (vairagya) from worldly things. Not

only vairagya, but one attains perfection by practice, as has been stated: djr&djr djr&djr djr&djr djr&djr vH;kl rs] tM+efr gks; lqtkuA vH;kl rs] tM+efr gks; lqtkuA vH;kl rs] tM+efr gks; lqtkuA vH;kl rs] tM+efr gks; lqtkuA vH;kl ds }kjk izk;% dh tkus okyh =qfV;ksa dks lgt gh fpfUgr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj budk fujkdj.k dj fdlh Hkh {ks= esa fo'ks"kKrk ikuk lEHko gSA vkink izcU/ku ds {ks= esa] fo'ks"kdj izfroknu dh vof/k esa fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZ esa dgh Hkh] fdlh Hkh izdkj dh =qfV fd;s tkus ls u dsoy fLFkfr;kWa csdkcw gks ldrh gSa ijUrq dbZ cgqewY; ekuo thou Hkh ladV esa iM+ ldrs gSaA vr% vko';d gS fd izfroknu ds fy;s mRrjnk;h O;fDr iw.kZr% izf'kf{kr gks] mlus lEcfU/kr dk;ksZ dks djus dk i;kZIr vH;kl fd;k gks o mlesa bl izdkj ds dk;ksZ dkss lEikfnr djus ds fy;s vko';d vkRefo'okl gksA lkFk gh izfroknu dky esa ljdkj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk lEikfnr fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZ esa Hkh ijLij leUo;u dk gksuk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA Practice of disaster response related activities is therefore of utmost importance for fine tuning inter-departmental coordination and ruling out

possibilities of error when responding to real disaster situation. fgeky; ioZJa[kyk dh mRifRr ls tqM+h tfVyrk;sa] HkkSxksfyd o Hkw&xfHkZd lajpuk] LFkykd`fr o vR;f/kd ekSleh o"kkZ bl {ks= dks vkinkvksa ds izfr vR;Ur laosnu'khy cuk nsrh gSaA gj o"kZ] fo'ks"kdj o"kkZ _rq esa] Rofjr ck<+ o Hkw&L[kyu ds dkj.k bl {ks= esa tu&/ku dh Hkkjh {kfr gksrh gSA yEcs vUrjky ds i'pkr vkus ij Hkh vlhfer fouk'k dh lEHkkoukvksa ds dkj.k HkwdEi bl {ks= ds fy;s fpUrk dk izeq[k fo"k; gSA Despite immense scientific and technological progress successful prediction of

earthquakes still eludes one and all. One is thus left with no other option but to prepare

well and wait for an earthquake to test the efficacy of the preparedness.

mRrjk[k.M jkT; foxr esa ¼1991 o 1999 esa½ HkwdEi dh fouk'kyhyk >sy pqdk gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa HkwdEi dh lEHkkoukvksa ds n`f"Vxr le; jgrs rS;kjh dh tkuh vR;Ur vko';d gks tkrh gSA HkwdEi dh fLFkfr esa izfroknu ds fy;s mRrjnk;h foHkkxksa dh iwoZ rS;kjh ds Lrj dk vkadyu fd;s tkus ds mn~ns'; esa fnukad 17 o 18 uoEcj] 2006 dks nsgjknwu esa HkwdEi fo"k;d leUo;u xks"Bh (Coordinating Conference on Earthquake) dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl cSBd esa jkT; ds 04 HkwdEi laosnu'khy tuinksa ¼ckxs'oj] fiFkkSjkx<+] peksyh o mRrjdk'kh½ esa HkwdEIk dk iwokZH;kl (Mock Exercise) fd;s tkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA p;fur tuinksa esa ls izFke 03

9

iw.kZr% HkwdEi ds izfr lokZf/kd laosnu'khy Zone-V esa vofLFkr gS tcfd vfUre 02 iwoZ esa HkwdEi ls izHkkfor gks pqds gSaA lkFk gh tuin mRrjdk'kh dk vkaf'kd Hkkx Zone-V esa vofLFkr gSA

mDr izLrkfor HkwdEi iwokZH;kl ls lEcfU/kr leLr i{kksa ij ppkZ fd;s tkus o mRiUu gks ldus okyh fLFkfr dh ifjdYiuk djrs gq;s mi;qDr o izHkkoh izfroknu j.kuhfr dh :ijs[kk rS;kj fd;s tkus ds mn~ns'; ls fnukad 13 vizSy] 2007 dks nsgjknwu esa lEcfU/kr 04 tuinksa ds foHkkxh; vf/kdkfj;ksa o jkT; Lrjh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy;s ,d Table Top Exercise dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA In the absence of adequate monitoring and evaluation an exercise cannot bring forth

lessons, as also short comings for improvement. Four monitoring teams were therefore

constituted for monitoring the entire exercise. These constituted of officers of different

departments drawn from the adjoining districts of Nainital and Almora for Bageshwar,

Champawat for Pithoragarh, Pauri and Rudraprayag for Chamoli and Tehri for

Uttarakashi. In order to bring forth objectivity in monitoring one day orientation

workshop was organised in Dehradun for these official on 5th May, 2007.

On the appointed day, on 8th May, 2007 brisk action started in the earmarked districts as

also the state Emergency Operation Center, even before dawn. All the responsible

officials were asked to report to the respective Emergency Operations Centers to take

charge of their respective duties. The gravity of the situation was assessed and the State

EOC was regularly updated on the emerging situation.

Rescue teams were dispatened to the affected areas along with medical teams. People in

the earthquake affected villages were evacuated and quick triage was undertaken to

assess and accordingly arrange for evacuation. People with minor injuries were

discharged after primary first aid while seriously injured patients were shifted to the

nearby primary health centres. Relief camps were set up and provision of all civic

amenities was made, together with food and water.

10

Additional police reinforcement was dispatched from Haridwar for assisting the local

administration. Arrangements were also made for detailed damage assessment, as also

for undertaking last rites of the dead after completing all legal formalities. Disposal of

animal carcasses was well taken care of together with restoration of all essential services

disrupted due to the earthquake. The exercise was over in the afternoon of 9th May, 2007.

jkT; Lrjh; ifjoh{kd ny }kjk izkr% jkT; vkikrdkyhu ifjpkyu dsUnz esa foHkkxh; uksMy vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk lEikfnr fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ dk fujh{k.k fd;k x;k o dk;Zdq'kyrk ,oa izHkkfodrk c<+k;s tkus ds mn~ns'; ls vko';d fn'kkfunsZ'k fn;s x;sA rn~i'pkr ny }kjk jkgr dk;ksZ gsrq fo'ks"k :i ls eaxok;s x;s ok;q lsuk ds gSyhdkWaIVjksa ls tuin mRrjdk'kh esa fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ ds LFky fujh{k.k gsrq izLFkku fd;k x;kA ny us vR;f/kd [kjkc ekSle ds ckotwn tuin iz'kklu }kjk n'kkZ;h tk jgh drZO;fu"Bk dh ljkguk dh o tuin esa vkikrdkyhu ifjpkyu dsUnz] jkgr f'kfoj ,oa fpfdRlk dsUnz esa fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ dk fujh{k.k fd;kA All through the organisation of this exercise National Disaster Management Authority,

Government of India extended its full support and Brig. (Retd.) Dr. B.K. Khanna

(Specialist, NDMA) was in constant touch with Disaster Mitigation and Management

Centre that was entrusted with the responsibility of organising the exercise.

Prof. N.V.C. Menon, Member, NDMA was present in all the three important phases of

the exercise while the other members of NDMA, Shri Sashidhar Reddy and Lt. Gen.

(Retd.) J.R. Bhardwaj were present during Coordinating Conference and Mock Exercise

respectively.

Mock exercise was a learning event and all involved in the exercise gained immensely

from this valuable experience. Organisation of similar exercises at regular intervals

would ensure prompt response and effective coordination in the event of any disaster in

the State.

11

Training on the design of simulation exercise

and

Brainstorming session on on ICS adaptation in India One week training programme was organized in Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy

of Administration, Mussoorie on the design of Table Top exercise using the principles of

Incident Command System (ICS) between 14th and 18

th May, 2007. The programme was

facilitated by experts from United States of America. Dr. Piyoosh Rautela ED, DMMC

was nominated to attend the programme.

The programme was followed by a Brainstorming session on future modalities on ICS

adaptation in India on 19th May, 2007. The session was chaired by Director of LBSNAA

Shri Rudra Gangadharan. Senior officials from MHA, GoI, States, State ATIs and US –

AID attended the brainstorming session and expressed their views on the future strategy

to be adopted to take forward the mantle of ICS in India.

Principal Secretary, Disaster Management Shri N.S. Napalchyal presented the work

carried out by Department of Disaster Management, Government of Uttarakhand. In view

of the commitment shown by the Government of Uttarakhand it was decided in principle

to take up ICS pilot project in the State.

NGO Coordination Workshop A state level workshop on NGO coordination was organized under MHA, GoI – UNDP

Disaster Risk Management Programme in Surabhi Hotel, Dehradun on 22nd and 23

rd

June, 2007. The programme was attended by the representatives of around 60 voluntary

organizations spread all over the State. The programme was inaugurated by Additional

Secretary, Disaster Management, Shri P.S. Jangpangi. Also present were Dr. Anil Joshi

of HESCO, Shri Ravi Chopra of PSI, Shri Avadesh Kaushal of RLEK and Ms Abha

Mishra of UNDP India.

Audio CD of the two video films being made by the Department of Disaster Management

was released on this occasion along with a report on Traditional Koti Banal Architecture

of Uttarakhand. Vocal recital of a song of the film by Shri Kishan Mahipal was highly

appreciated by the audience.

dk;ZØe ds mn~?kkVu l= esa Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa dh vkink izcU/ku ds {ks= esa egROk iw.kZ Hkwfedkdks n’kkZrs gq, Jh vfuy tks’kh }kjk LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds Lo:Ik dks Li"V fd;s tkus ,oa v/;kidksa ds lekt ij izHkko ds n`f"Vxr vkink iwoZ tkx:drk dk;Zdzeksa esa izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds v/;kidksa dks lekosf'kr fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk ij cy fn;kA Shri Ravi Chopra appreciated the timing of the workshop that was not being organized in

backdrop of a major disaster. He highlighted the need for inculcating culture of

preparedness and safety that he felt is lacking in the community.

Jh vo/ks’k dkS’ky }kjk vkink izcU/ku esa efgyk iapk;rksa dks egRo fn;s tkus dh vko’;drk ij cy fn;kA vkink U;wuhdj.k ,oa izcU/ku dsUnz ds vf/k’kklh funs’kd MkW0 ih;w"k jkSrsyk }kjk mRrjk[k.M ds vkink ifjn`’; ,oa bl {ks= esa fd;s tk jgs iz;klksa ls izfrHkkfxrkvksa dks voxr djok;k ,oa vkink izcU/ku vf/kfu;e&2005 ij ppkZ dhA izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk tuin vkink izcU/ku vf/kfu;e dh v/;{krk ftykf/kdkjh }kjk fd;s tkus dks iapk;rh jkt vf/kfu;e dh ewy Hkkouk ds foijhr crk;k ,oa bls la’kksf/kr fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk ij cy fn;kA

12

Ms Anandita of PSI, Shri Arvind Sinha of CASA, Shri C.M. Thapaliyal of SBMA and

Ms Geetanjali and Shri Arvind of RLEK presented highlights of the work being carried

out by their organization. In the post-lunch session the participants discussed the relationship between government

and voluntary organizations in capacity building, awareness and networking in the field

of disaster management. Group presentations were subsequently made by the

participants.

After the recap of the first days proceedings Shri Shailendra dwelt upon the role of

voluntary organizations in the field of Disaster Management, Dr. P.D. Mathur with the

help of simple and interesting examples highlighted the need of building the environment

of school safety while Shri Girish Joshi highlighted the importance of incorporating

seismic safety elements in structures.

Realising the importance of wooden elements in providing earthquake safety Shri J.S.

Mehta armed with his long forestry experience highlighted the need for scientific felling

of the Pine forest (Pinus roxburgi). Green felling above an altitude of 1000 meters

altitude, he said has been banned since 1980. Due to the ban on felling pine forest has

been invading the realm of broad leaved species; both oak and sal and even the

agricultural areas. This has added to the fire hazard in the region and has led to

biodiversity reduction that he termed as being a must for sustainability of the society.

Scientific felling by adopting seeding – felling techniques would, he said, add to the

revenue of the state besides providing the much needed rafters for rehabilitation.

13

The three groups formed earlier then discussed the various aspects awareness, capacity

building and policy issues related to disaster management and made presentations on

these issues.

It was finally decided to have coordination committee of the NGOs at the state and

district level. An adhoc coordination committee was formulated comprising of CASA,

RLEK, PSI, PLSS and DMMC; CASA volunteered to extend secretarial services for this.

It was decided to standardize awareness material, training module as also format of the

DM plans; PSI, RLEK and CASA were organized as organizations that can share this

responsibility with the induction of other organizations into the group. It was also decided

to organize NGO coordination conference at district level and the NGOs volunteered to

share this responsibility.

Capacity building for effective Search and Rescue Search and rescue is the most important and critical element of the disaster management

and has direct bearing upon the misery of the disaster affected populations. It is essential

for the search and rescue operations to be carried out professionally and quickly so as to

minimize the damage. Therefore the personnel entrusted with the responsibility of these

operations have to be well trained and equipped.

Appreciating the importance of search and rescue operations the State Government, with

the assistance of experts of the field, formulated twenty days training curriculum and

identified institutions for sharing this responsibility. The Police and Revenue personnel

together with personnel of the other departments and volunteers are presently being

trained at SSB Training Academy, Gwaldam together with Himalayan Adventure

14

Institute, Mussoorie and Nainital Mountaineering Club, Nainital. 601 personnel have so

far been trained by these institutions. Search and Rescue equipments have accordingly

been made available in each Tehsil of the State.

The process has at the same time initiated for the creation of specialised State Disaster

Response Force and two battalions of PAC have been specifically stationed at Almora

and Srinagar. These are planned to be specially equipped and capacitated for quick and

effective response.

20th Search and Rescue Training programme in Search and Rescue was organized in SSB

Training Academy, Gwaldam between 3rd and 27

th July, 2007 which was attended by 30

personnel of the State Police. The Programme was inaugurated by Mrs. Renuka Mishra,

DIG and was overseen by Dr. Piyoosh Rautela, Executive Director, DMMC. The

participants were highly satisfied with the inputs provided and were confident that these

would help them in effective discharge of their duties during disaster situations.

Putting S & R Training to Practical use in Uttarkashi Heavy downpour on July 01, 2007 caused havoc at many places in Uttarkashi; there were

slides at many places, mudslide rushed into the Kailash Ashram, two Nepali laborers died

in the Dhanari gaad and there was flooding in Indrawati Gad. In the wee hours

information was received that Shrimati Rajkumari Devi (wife of Shri Jaybadwal Gusain

aged 30 years) of Bhailura village (around 10 kilometers from the district headquarters)

situated on the bank of Indrawati was marooned in the flood waters at a small island in

the river. The volunteers trained in Search and Rescue were informed on the situation and

were asked to respond. Trained rescue personnel from Nehru Institute of Mountaineering

were also requested to reach the site of the incidence.

15

The rescue efforts were hindered by slides on way and the team could reach the site on

foot by 0615 hours. People gather around the site of the incidence were motivated to

respond and some rescue material (balli, phatta, ropes, wood cutter, ladder) was arranged

from the village. While the rescue operations were being initiated water started to rise

and washed off the temporary base erected to hold the ropes. Being unsuccessful in

approaching the marroned women it was decided around 0715 hrs to try to rescue the

women to the other side of the river. A distance of 1.5 kilometers had to be negotiating in

approaching the other end of the river and rescue operation was initiated again at 0745

hrs. The fast moving stream water was negotiated with the help of ropes and the ropes

were secured at the island to a large boulder. The volunteers together with Sub. Raj

Kumar, Senior Instructor in NIM rescued Smt Rajkumari to the river bank with the help

of rope and sling.

The effort was highly appreciated by Shri Meenakshi Sundaram, District Magistrate,

Uttarkashi who has extended citation to all the members involved in S & R work.

Some of the shortcomings observed in the operations included i) not so cooperative

attitude of the locals whose advices were distracting the rescue workers, ii) the Police

team reached the site without equipments, iii) lack of transport facility with D-EOC, iv)

lack of media sensitization.

Planning for Effective Disaster Management Planning is considered to be a must for effective performance on the appointed day and

perceiving the importance of this dictum Disaster Management Action Plans (DMAP) are

being prepared from village to State level. So far DMAP of State, all the 13 districts, 26

development blocks, 3,054 Gram Panchayats and 13 ULBs are in place. In view of the

specifically high vulnerability of the urban centres particular emphasis is being paid

towards development and regular updating of these plans.

The exercise has recently been launched in 36 wards of Dehradun city with the support

and cooperation of the Ward members. This exercise is the culmination of the one day

Workshop on Disaster Management for Dehradun Nagar Nigam Ward Members

organized in DMMC on 27th June, 2007. The Workshop was enthusiastically attended by

40 ward members who were briefed on the issue of increasing urban vulnerability and

need to address this important issue on priority basis. The members expressed their

commitment for support and the ward wise meetings for organizing Ward Committees

and preparing Action Plans were initiated from 9th July, 2007. The support and

involvement of the community in these plans would pave way towards better

management of exigencies and reducing the vulnerability of the masses in Dehradun.

Vulnerability of the urban centres in Uttarakhand Overwhelmingly large proportion of the population in India still resides in rural areas

(72%) and disaster risk of rural populace is often perceived to be relatively high. This is

however not the reality; despite fragmentation of the society rural populations are close

knit with strong, time tested and effective traditional coping mechanisms, while the

urban populations lack cooperation, mutual trust and support. These enhance

vulnerability of the urban populations. Unplanned growth the urban centers adds to their

vulnerability. Increasing pressure upon the mountain slopes has led to manifold

problems; i) resource crisis, ii) lack of civic amenities, iii) congestion, iv) growth of

16

slums and all these have contributed to the increasing vulnerability of the masses. Major

factors that have contributed to the problem include i) increasing population pressure, ii)

debris disposal practices, iii) slope instability, iv) encroachment.

The river valley urban centers of Srinagar and Chamoli (Alaknanda valley) have

witnessed the fury of the floods in the past and increasing developmental initiatives along

the river bank add to their vulnerability.

Nainital (1880, 1963, 2005), Pauri (1816), Joshimath (1842), Almora (1989) and

Uttarkashi (2003) have been devastated by landslides in the past and the threat looms

large over Gopeshwar, Rudraprayag and Karnaprayag.

Most townships along the Yatra route are situated in steep valleys with little scope of

infrastructure development. Commercial interests and increasing population have forced

people to bring vulnerable slopes under habitation (Rurdaprayag and Karnaprayag are

likely examples). Toe erosion by fast flowing streams coupled with unplanned

development make the populations of these urban centers highly vulnerable to the threat

of landslides.

Haphazard and unplanned construction with blatant disregard to building codes and

safety norms makes the populations of the urban centers highly vulnerable to the threat of

earthquakes. Beams and columns are being resorted to without engineering advice for

reaching the road level so as to address the commercial interests. Even a minor

earthquake would be enough to put the things out of gear. Highly congested outlay with

abundance of narrow winding streets and bye lanes would pose a major challenge for the

search and rescue personnel.

It is essential to realistically assess the magnitude of the problem before trying to come

out with suitable planning options and it was with this aim detailed vulnerability study

using Rapid Visual Assessment technique is presently being carried out for the urban

centres of Rudraprayag, Joshimath, Mussoorie, Nainital and Bageshwar. High resolution

satellite images are being used for mapping of the individual structures with their

associates attributed. These are then being analysed under GIS environment for assessing

the magnitude of risk.

HkwdEi iwokZuqeku % izdfr ds ladsrHkwdEi iwokZuqeku % izdfr ds ladsrHkwdEi iwokZuqeku % izdfr ds ladsrHkwdEi iwokZuqeku % izdfr ds ladsr fcuk fdlh izR;{k dkj.k ds iFoh dh lrg esa gksus okys dEiu ¼HkwdEi½ vuUr dky ls euq"; ds fy;s ,d jgL; cus jgs gSA izR;{k dkj.k ds vHkko esa bls nSoh; izdksi ds :i esa ns[kk x;k ftls le>kus ds fy;s fo'o dh lHkh lH;rkvksa }kjk vyx&vyx dkj.k fn;s x;sA lfn;ksa rd ekuo lH;rk ds fy;s jgL; cuh jgh bl izkdfrd vkink ls tqM+s jgL;ksa dks lqy>kus esa oSKkfud txr dks dkQh yEck le; yxk ijUrq vkt Hkh HkwdEi ls tqM+s dbZ iz'u vulqy>s vkSj fookfnr gSaA HkwdEi ds dkj.k gqbZ tu/ku dh Hkkjh {kfr ds dkj.k vkjEHk ls gh fpUru'khy vkSj izd`froknh O;fDr;ksa }kjk HkwdEi iwokZuqeku ds iz;kl fd;s tkrs jgs gS vkSj dbZ ckj bl izdkj ds iz;kl lQy Hkh jgs gSaA HkwdEi dk lgh iwokZuqeku ekuoh; {kfr ds ifjek.k dks dkQh fuf'pr gh de dj ldrk gS vr% bl fo"k; ls tqM+s iwoZ ds iz;klksa dks xEHkhjrk ls u ysuk ,d xyrh gksxhA iwoZ esa HkwdEi vkus ds lEcU/k esa fo'o Hkj esa yxk;s x;s T;knkrj vuqeku izkf.k;ksa ds vlkekU; O;ogkj ,oa ekSle esa vk;s vpkud ifjorZuksa ij vk/kkfjr jgh gSaA Hkkjr esa gkykWafd T;ksfr"k x.kukvksa dks izk;% Hkfo";ok.kh ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS vr% HkwdEi dh dbZ

17

Hkfo";okf.k;kWa T;ksfr"k x.kukvksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkh dh x;h gSaA izkf.k;ksa }kjk HkwdEi vkus ls igys fd;k x;k vlkekU; vkSj vkØed O;ogkj dbZ ckj ns[kk x;k gS ijUrq HkwdEi ds dkj.k izk.kh O;ogkj dks izHkkfor dj ldus okys dkj.k dh Li"V ,oa oSKkfud O;k[;k ds vHkko esa bl i{k dks oSf'od oSKkfud leqnk; }kjk izk;% vU/kfo'okl ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA 04 Qjojh] 1975 dks phu esa vk;s 7-3 ifjek.k ds gkbpsUx HkwdEi dh lQy Hkfo";ok.kh us ,d ckj iqu% izd`fr }kjk fn;s tk jgs ladsrksa ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;s tkus dh vko';drk dks n'kkZ;k vkSj 'kk;n oSKkfud leqnk; }kjk bl fo"k; dks xEHkhjrk ls fy;k Hkh x;kA ijUrq phu esa gh 28 tqykbZ 1976 dks vk;s 8-2 ifjek.k ds Hkh"k.k rkWax'kku HkwdEi ls gq;s fouk'k vkSj bldk iwokZuqeku dj ldus esa feyh vlQyrk us gkbpsUx dh lQyrk dks iw.kZr% /kwfey dj fn;kA ;g LrEHk HkwdEi iwokZuqeku ds fy;s fd;s tk jgs lekUrj iz;klksa ls tqM+s dqN jkspd vuqHkoksa o vuNq, i{kksa dks vkids le{k j[kus dk ,d iz;kl gS vkSj blesa vkids }kjk vuqHko fd;s x;s HkwdEi ls tqM+s vulqy>s i{kksa dk Lokxr gSA