TERMS OFPURCHASE FORRURALLANDSINTHECOMPANY'S SET-TLEMENTS.

The company has already acquiredvery ex-tensive tracts offand inthe NorthIsland ofNew Zealand, and has despatched twoexpe-ditions for the purpose of purchasing otherlands, and of selecting the most eligible dis-trict for the first and principal settlement.

The company, in the first place, offeredfor sale 99,000 acres of country land, and990 acres of town land, in their first andprincipal settlement, after making reservesfor the specialuse of the natives. Theselands thus offered hayebeendisposed ofat11. peracre, thereby realizing to the com-panya landfund of 99,990/,and the rightsofthepurchasers thereoftopriorityofchoicein the settlement have been determined bylot.

The directors are now ready to receiveapplications for country lands, to the extentrof 50,000 acres, in sections of 100 acreseach, at thepriceof100/. persection,or IVper acre, tobepaidinfull, in,exchangefor

THE

NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.(SKCOWTB EBITZOW.)

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1839.No. I. [Price 9d.

TO EMIGRANTS andSHIPPERS

—MEDICINE CHESTS,

&c.Messrs NOAKES and Co., Wholesale and

Shipping Druggists, 87 Snow hill, have alwaysready a largeassortment ofwell-seasoned Smr andFamily Medicine Chests, particularly adaptedfor New Zealand and Australia. Emigrants andShippers arc suppliedon the Aiost reasonable termswith anyquantity ofDrugs and Chemicals of thebest quality, Patent Medicines, Perfumery,&c.

Full directions for theuseand applicationof theMedicinesaccompany each Chest.

Settlers may remit orders .through MessrsDaniell and Co.,of New Zealand, towhichimme-diateattention willbepaid.

SHIPPING AGENT.

"^MIGRANTS having Merchandize,J—^ Baggage,and Stores to ship, arerequestedtoapply to

J. STAYNER,70 Lower Thames street,

Agent,by appointment, to theNew ZealandLandCompany.

NEW ZEALAND LANDCOMPANY.

Capital,100,000£, in 4000 Shares of251. each.

— Deposit, lOL'fyer share.Governor— The Earlof Durham.

Deputy-Governor— Joseph Somes,Esq.

Directors.Lord Petre.Hon. Francis Baring, M.P.John Ellkrker Boulcott, Esq.John William Bucklk, Esq.Russell Ei.lice, Esq.James Brodie Gordon, Esq.Thomas Alers Hankey, Esq.William Hutt, Esq., M.P.Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq.Sir William Modesworth, Bart,, M.P.-Alexander Nairne, Esq.John Pirie, Esq., Alderman.Sir George Sinclair,Bart., M.P.John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.William Thompson, Esq., Alderman, M.P.Sir Henry Webb, Bart.Arthur Willis, Esq.George Frederick Young, Esq.

Bankers—

Messrs Smith, Payne, andSmiths;and Messrs Wright and Co.

Standing Counsel—

JohnBuckle,Esq.Medical Director

—Sir John Doratt

Knight, M.D.tSolicitors— Messrs Few, Hamilton, and

Few.Secretary—

John Ward, Esq.Office,No* 1, AdamStreet, Adelphi.

-This Company has been formed for thepurposeof employingcapitalinthe purchaseandre-sale oflands inNew Zealand,andthepromotionof emigration to that country.

Adescription of these Islands as a fieldforBritish colonization, has been renderedunnecessary by the labours of the NewZealand Association of 1837, who col-lectedand disseminatedvery ample informa-tion on the subject. The sole aim of thatSociety was to induce the legislature to ap-ply to New Zealand the peculiar system ofcolonizationwhichhas proved so eminentlysuccessful inSouth Australia, and to makeprovisionfor guarding thenativeinhabitantsfrom the evils to which they have hithertobeen exposedby their intercourse withEu-ropeans of everyclass. Her Majesty's Go-vernment,however,objectedtoalllegislationfor-these ends, except on one condition, towhich the Society could not assent. Theproposed condition.was, that the Society,whichhad excluded fromits objectsall spe-culation for private gain,should become ajoint-stock company and engage in under-takings witba view to profit. This condi-tion was declined,as being at variance withthe declared character of that Society; andtheresulthas beenthe formationof thepre-sent Company,inaform consistent with thecondition thus required by her Majesty'sGovernment.

Thepurchase and improvementof wastelands inNew Zealand has been already car-ried on to a great extent,and with muchadvantage,bymissionaries and others, whohave settled in the country,as well asbypersons residing in the adjacent AustralianColonies;and such an operation upon anenlargedscaleis theproposed object of theNewZealandLand Company.

The attention and business of theCom-pany will be confined to the purchase oftracts ofland,— thepromotionofemigrationto those tracts directly from the UnitedKingdom,— the laying out of settlements

NO. I, a Specimen Number of theNEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, aNews-

paper for the First and Principal Settlement ofttieNew Zealand Land Company, whichitis sup-posedwill be at Port Nichulsnn, in Cook's Straits,isnowpresentedto thepublic.Itwill befoundtocon-tain various information interesting to the Colonynow on the eve of departing, totheir friends,and tothose who may wish to be acquainted with theprinciples, objects, and local circumstances of theColony, andthe actual proceedings ofthe Colonists-to the present time. The Second Number willbepublishedinNew Zealand as soonafter the arrivalof the Colony as itmay befound possible toprintit, which, it is hoped,will be within a fortnight ofthe disembarkation of the Colonists;and as shipspass through Cook's Straits almost daily, on theirreturn from Australia to Europe, it is expectedIhat immediate and frequent opportunity will beafforded for transmitting the second and sub-sequent numbers to England.

Price of this specimen number, 9d.; annualsubscription, £1 10s., inadvance.

Orders received by Mr D. Ramsay,at theNewZealand Agency Office and Subscription ReadingRooms, 5 Adam street, Adelphi.

EMIGRANT SHIPS FOR NEWZEALAND.

THE Directors of the New ZealandLand Companyhereby give notice that the

Company's Ships will sail for,theFirst andPrinci-pal Settlement, as under mentioned :—'

The"Oriental, 506 Tons,The Aurora, 550 Tons,The Adelaide, 640 Tons,

From London, onTuesday, the 10th of Septem-ber next.

The Duke of Roxburgh, 417 Tons,From London,on Tuesday, the 10th of September and from Plymouth, on,Saturday, the14thof

Septembernext.The BengalMerchant, 503 Tons,

FromLondon,on Tuesday, the 10th of Septem-ber, and fromthe Clyde, on Tuesday, the17th of

September next.Byorder of theDirectors,

JOHN WARD, Secretary.New Zealand Land Company's Office,1Adam street, Adelphi,

20th August, 1839.

FREE PASSAGE.IMMIGRATION to NEW ZEALAND.-*-^ The Directors of the New Zealand LandCompany hereby give notice that theyare ready toreceive applications fpr a Free Passage to theirtiestand principalsettlement, from MechanicGardeners, and Agricultural Labourers, beingmarried, and not exceeding 30 years of age.Strict inquiry willbe made as to qualificationsandcharacter. The Combany's Emigrant Ships willsail from England early in Septembernext.

Further particularsand printed forms of appli-cation may be obtained at the Company's Offices.

By order of the Directors,JOHN WARD, Secretary.

No.1 Adamstreet, Adelphi,June 15,1839.

DRAMSAY, Agent to the New" Zealand Land Company for the Sale ofLand'

D. Ramsay, oneof the earliest advocatesin thecauseofEmigration,hasbeen induced,attheearnestsolicitationof various friends (patrons of the pre-sentcolony), to open an Office in the immediateneighbourhoodof the New Zealand Land Com-pany, where gentlemen whomay wish topurchaseLands,and those who think ofemigrating,may besuppliedwith the prospectus, and all the publica-tions of the Company relative to the ColonizationofNew Zealand.

D. Ramsay is prepared to contract with Gen-tlemenfor the supply of Portable Cottages, to bemanufactured on his own premisesunder theim-mediate inspection of any Gentleman who may'honour himwithhis patronage;and for the pur-pose of affording the best practical information,he has engaged a skilful and intelligentmechanicto superintendthat department. %

D. Ramsay having opened accounts upon anextensivescale with theprincipal manufacturers ofWolverhampton,Birmingham, Manchester, Shef-field, &c. &c, will undertake to supply everydescription of goods, furniture, and stores, to any

"extentrequisite for the Colony orSettlement about4o be formedinNewZealand,on the lowestpossible-terms.

A list ofarticles ingeneralrequisition, with theprices affixed, will befurnished ina few days.

No.5 Adam street,Adelphi,15th August, 1839.

AGENCY. :

HHHE SUBSCRIBERShaving formed-*- a Co-partnership, purpose proceeding withthe First Colony on the 25thof Augustto NewZealand, wherethey will establish themselves.

They take the present opportunity to offer theirservices to their friends and others as Agents forthe Management of Landed Property; the Pur-chaseand Sale of Merchandise, and the Superin-tendence of Shipping and other Agency Business.

Their Correspondents in London are MessrsBuckle,Bagster,and Buckle.DANIELLand RIDDIFORD.London, August 19,1839.- '

UNION BANK OF AUSTRALIA,London Office, 38 OldBroadstreet.

Directors—

George Fife Angas, Esq.;RobertBrooks,Esq.;JamesJohn Cummins,Esq.;RobertGardner, Esq., Manchester; John Gore, Esq.;CharlesHindley, Esq.,M.P.;BenjaminEphraimLindo, Esq.;Charles Edward Mangles, Esq.;Christopher Rawson, Esq., Halifax; ThomasSands,Esq.,Liverpool;JamesBogle Smith, Esq.;James Ruddell Todd, Esq.'Trustees— GeorgeCarr Glyn,Esq.;John Gore,Esq.;JamesJohn Cummins, Esq.

Bankers—

Messrs Giyn, Hallifax,Mills,and Co.Solicitors

—Messrs Bartlettand Bcddome.

Secretary—

Samuel Jackson, Esq..COLONIAL ESTABLISHMENTS.

Colonial Inspector— John Cunningham Mac-laren, Esq.

At Sydney, New South Wales.j Local Directors

—Thomas Gore, Esq.: Ran-

nulph Dacre,Esq.;Philip Flower, Esq.;,S. K.Salting, Esq.

Manager— Mr Maclaren.Accountant

—Mr James Sea.

AtHobart Town, VanDiemen's Land.LocalDirectors

—Alfred Garrett, Esq.;Joseph

G. Jennings, Esq.;Atkin Morrison,Esq.Manager— Cornelius Driscoll, Esq.Accountant— Mr David Kennedy.

At Launceston. „LocalDirectors

—Michael Conolly, Esq.;Wil-

liam Fletcher, Esq.; Philip Oakden, Esq.;Thomas Williams, Esq.

Manager— Lewis W. Gilles, Esq.Accountant

—Mr John Hartridge.

At Campbleton— Sub-branch.Agent

—John McLeod,Esq.AtMelbourne, PortPhilip.

Local Directors—

John Gardner, Esq.;—

Rucker,Esq.Manager— William Highett, Esq.

NEW ZEALAND BRANCH.LocalDirectors— GeorgeSamuel Evans,Esq.;D.C.L..

Edward BettaHopper, I'sq.GeorgreHunter, Esq.Arrangementshaving been made for theopeningof

aBranch inNew Zealand, noticeis hereby given thatbills on Sydneyatthirtydays' night will be issuedatthis office to the settlers for such sums as may berequired,atacharge of two percent,redeemable inNew Zealand in the notes of this Bank,with areturnof the two per cent., thus enabling the colonists totransmit their funds without deduction.

The Directors likewise continue to grant letters ofcredit payableatsight,foranysumnotexceeding300/.,and bills,at thirtydays'sight,to any amount, on theirBranches at Sydney, Hobart Town, JJaunceston, andMelbourne,PortPhilip,atthe usual terms.

By orderof theBoard,SAMUEL JACKSON,Secretary.

The Directors of theNew Zealand LandCom-pany hereby give notice that theyhave effected anarrangement with theDirectorsofthe UnionBankof Australia;inpursuance of which, aBranch of|theUnion Bank willbe established forthwith onthe Company's First and PrincipalSettlement.

The Directors therefore recommend to theColonists the Union Bank of Australia, as ameans of effecting their pecuniary transactionswithconvenience andsecurity.

By orderof the Directors,JOHN WARD, Secretary.

New Zealand Land Company's Office,1Adam street, Adelphi,

20th August, 1839.

HPIiE COLONIAL GAZETTE-L-

(commencedin December 1838,inconnexionwith the Colonial Society") will infuture be pub-lished every WEDNESDAY afternoon at theOffice of the Spectator; strengthened by all theresourcesof thelatter Journal.

"TNFORMATION relative to NEW-L ZEALAND,for theuse of Colonists.With Maps,price Is. 6d.,

London: John W. Parker, West Strand.NEW ZEALAND AGENCY.

rpHE BRITISH AND COLONIALJ- EXPORT COMPANY, 98 Leadenhallstreet,inaddition to theirother ColonialAgencies,havebeen requestedby several influential parties,proceeding as Settlers to that country, to act asCommercial Agents for theFirst Colony of NewZealand. The Export Company, whose Managerhas been a good deal in New Zealand and theneighbouring British Colonies in Australia, areready, therefore, to undertake any commissionbusiness which intending Emigrants may requireprevious to sailing, aswell as during their absencefrom Great Britain, especially purchasing andshippinggoods adapted to the Colony;whilst tosuch parties asmay favour them with their busi-ness, the most unreserved information will beaffordedas to the nature of the country they aregoing to,— the employment and prospects of theSettlers,

—together with thebest modes'of invest-

ing capital,&c. Sec. Sec.As these valuable Islands eminently possess in

their soil and climate, rivers and harbours, flax,fisheries, and forests, thematerials of agreat andpowerfulpeople,there is no reason to doubt theimmediatesuccess of the First Colony, and, withtheusual energies of Englishmen, that New Zea-land will become, in process of time, one of theproudest possessionsoftheBritish Crown. Appli-cations to be made to

Britisharid Colonial ExportCompany,98,Leadenh'all street.T. HORTON JAMES,' ' Resident Manager.

and towns in the most favourable situations—andthe gradualre-sale of such lands ac-

cording to the valuebestowedupon thembyemigration and settlement. It is also pro-posed that, to facilitate the transmissionofcapital betweenEngland andNew Zealand,the Company shall act as agents for thatpurpose only.

Such an undertaking affords peculiar ad-vantages to the employers of alarge com-bined capital, and is further suitable to aCompany,inasmuch as it canneither impedeindividual enterprise, nor is liable to thecompetition of individuals,andis capable of-being managedat little expense for agency,and upon a systemof fixedroutine.

Very extensivetracts of most fertilelandin situations highly favourable both for agri-cultural and commercial settlements, havebeen alreadypurchased and securedfor thepurposes of this Company; and an expedi-tionhas alsobeen fittedout and despatchedfor purveying the coasts of New Zealand,making purchases of lands in the most eli-gible spots, andpreparingfor the arrivalofalargebody of settlers,whomit is proposedto establishon the Company's lands duringthe present year.

These important purchases,andthe fittingout ofthe preliminary expedition,(includingthe purchase andequipment of a fine vesselof 400 tons,) have been effected, at a con-siderable outlay,byparties, to whoma cer-tain number of paid-up snares, to be de-terminedbyarbitration,are consequently tobe assignedfor a transferof theirinterests.

Upon the remaining- shares, acall of 10/.per share, (in addition to the deposit,) willbe made at the discretion of the Directors,with not less thanonemonth's notice; andallfurther calls will,bemade at intervals ofnot less than three -months between eachcall,and of whichone month'snoticewillbegiven;and no call,at any one time, willex-ceed10/. per share.

The Directors are to have the entirema-nagement and control of the funds, forma-tion,proceedings,andaffairs of theCompany,andareempoweredtoenter intoany arrange-ments whatever which they may considerconducive to the interests of this under-taking,— to prepare a Deed of Settlementfor the management ofthe Company, and totake any steps that may be thoughtproperrelativetoan ActofParliament or acharterin aid of their plans, application for which.willbemade with the least possibledelay,and generally to adopt such measures andproceedings with reference to the grants,anddisposal of shares, or otherwise,as theyshall considerexpedient.

The shares in the first instance will beissued in scrip receipts,upon whichwillbeindorsed the principal laws and regulationsby which the Company is to be governeduntila Deed of Settlement shallhave been,enteredinto, or an Act of Parliament havebeen obtained.

Further information on every point con-nected with the Company may be obtainedfromthe Secretary, at the Office.London,June 20, 1839.

thelandorders,whichwillentitletheholdersthereof, or their agents, to select countrysections accordingly,eitherat thecompany'sprincipal settlement, or at Hokianga, Kai-para,Manukau, the islandsof Waiheke andParoa, the borders of the Thames, or anyother partof thepresent orfuture territoriesof-thecompany,so soonas the requisite sur-

" veys thereofshallhavebeen completed. Theholders will therefore selectat pleasure, outof all the company's territories which shallthenbe surveyedas country sections, a sec-tionof 100 acres for each landorder,in theorderin which the landorders shall be pre-sented to the company's resident officer inNew Zealand.

The land orders will be transferable atthe pleasure of the holders;anda registrywillbekept atthe company's offices inLon-don,andin the settlement, as wellof originalland orders, as of alltransfers thereof.

Ofthe monies to be paidto the companyby purchasers, 25 per cent,only willbe re-served by the company for local expensesand otherpurposes. 'The remainder, being75 per cent., willbe laidout by the companyfor the exclusive benefitof the purchasers,ingiving value to the land sold bydefrayingthe cost of emigration to the settlements- j

Originalpurchasersof landorders intend- jing to emigrate will be entitled to claim, ifrom the company, out of the fund set apaitfor emigration,an expenditure equal to60per cent,of theirpurchase-money, for a freepassage for themselves, their families, andservants, subject to the company's regula-tions. Purchasers to the extent of at least800 acres, riot intending to emigrate, willalso,inspecial cases,beallowedto nominatetheir landagentsfor a free cabinpassage tothe settlements. !

The remainder of the fund set apart foremigrationwill belaid out by the companyin.providinga free passage for young per- jsons of the labouring class, and, as far aspossible,of the two sexes in equalpropor-tions.

Labourers selected by purchasers for a Ifree passage must be subject to approvalby |the company, as respects age,sex,andgoodcharacter.

In the selection of other labouring emi-grants,the company will give a preferenceto applicants who shall be under engage-ment to work for capitalists intending toemigrate..

A scale of the rktesat which cabin andsteerage passages will be provided by thecompany in proportion to the purchase-money ofland orders,willbe exhibitedfromtime to timeat thecompany's office.

Thelandorders are tobereceived as suf-ficient conveyances, andconclusive,evidenceof the company's title;and acertificate ofanofficer of the company inthe settlement jauthorized in that behalf, mentioning thesectionfallen or assigned to the lot of anylandorder, is to be accepted as sufficientevidence thereof, and as an actualdeliveryof thepossession of the sectionmentionedinsuch certificate;andthe company arenot tobeconsideredas guaranteeing the title, ex-cept as against their own acts, andthe actsof those derivingtitle under or intrust forthem.

Forms of theland orders may be seen onapplication at the company's office.

By order of thedirectors,John Ward, Sec.

New ZealandLandCompany'sOffice,July 30th, 1839.

he inthat channel must inevitablybecome theyr most frequentedportof colonizedNew Zea-le land. A mere harbour, however, whether

there or elsewhere, might be of but littlevalue. There is not in the world, perhaps,a safer or more commodious harbour thanPort Hardy in D'Urville's Island;but thesmallness oftheisland rendersits harbourofless importance than several others on theshores of Cook's Strait. That harbour inCook's Strait is the most -valuable, whichcombines with ample security and conve-nience as aresort for ships, the nearest vi-cinity to, or thebest natural means of com-munication with, the greatest extent of fer-tile' territory. So far as we are at present--informed, Port Nicholson appears superiorto any other." * * * *" Considering the excellentsailingquali-ties of the Tory, and that you are amply

, supplied with provisionsand water, we trustthat you may reach Cook's Strait, withouttouching anywhere, b)' the endof August-As soonas you havecompleted yourbusi-ness there, whichwe are in hopes maynotoccupyyoumore than twomonths, you willproceed to Kaipara, and thoroughly inspect'that harbourand district. Youwillalsotakethebestmeans in yourpowerof ascertainingwhether thereis;to thesouthwardofKaipara,a spot more suitable than that port to be-.come the seat of the commercial capital of"theNorth Island;andifyoushoulddiscoversuch aspot, you willendeavour to make anextensivepurchase there."At Kaipara you willexhibit to the na-tives tlie original contracts of Lieutenant-M'Donhell,and willclaim, onbehalfof theCompany, the lands therein named. You-willalsoinform thenatives, that LieutenantM'Donnell,intends to,proceedtoNew-Zea-land ere long; you willdeliver to, the chiefs?the letter, whereby he informs them of hishaving transferred his lands there to the-Company; and you willtake whateversteps,you may think most expedient, to obtainpossession of this tract in the name of theCompany."Supposing you tohaveselectedfromany.

purchases that you -may make in Cook'sStrait,or theneighbourhoodof'Kaipara, or inthedistrictof theCompany'slands atKaipara,thatspot whichyou shalldeemthe fittest forafirstsettlement,— thatspot,whichshallpre-sent the most satisfactory combination of

'

facility of access, security for shipping, fer-tile soil, water-communicationwith, districtsabounding in flax and timber, and falls ofwater for the purpose,of mills,— and wherethenativeinhabitants shallevince the great-est desire to receive English settlers, and,appear|most anxious to obtain employmentfor wages;there you willmakeall suchpre-parationsfor thearrivalof abody of settlers,as the means at your disposal will allow.Amongst these it occurs to us that the na-tives should be employed at liberal wages,in felling the best kinds of timber, takingthe logs to the place which you may havemarkedout for the site of a town,and also-incollecting andpreparing flax andspars as-a return freightfor vessels which may con-vey settlers to the place. You should also*make the natives thoroughly aware of thenatureandextentof theintendedsettlement,,-so that theymaynotbesurprisedat thesub-sequentarrivalof a number of large ships.And at this spot, whenyouquit it, you will,,of course, leave suchpersons as you maybeable to spare,and shallbe willing to remain,for the purpose of assuring the natives of"your return, andof pursuing the labours ofpreparation. Onquitting this spot, you willproceeddirectlytoPortHardy,inD'Urville'sIsland,where you will remainuntil some oftheCompany's vessel shall arrive fromEng- "

land. By the first and subsequent vessels,you will receive further instructions. It,isof essential consequencethat you should, if'possible, reach PortHardyby the 20th ofJanuary next, or, ifthat should not be pos-sible, that you findmeans of transmitting to-the Company's,vessels, that willbe directedto touch there by that time, a fullaccount ofthe spoton whichyoumay have determinedas the site ofthe first settlement."

harness makers, Boot and shoemaker!tailors,, tanners, brickmakers, lime-burneriand allpersons .engaged in the erectioncbuildings.

4. Persons engaged,in the above occupations who mayapply far a free passage tNew-Zealand., must transmit to the officof the company, free of expense, the mossatisfactory testimonialsas to theirqualifications,character, and health.

5. They must be labourersgoing out tiwork for wages in- the colony, of souncmind and body, not less than fifteen, noimore than thirty years of age, andmarriedThe marriagecertificate must be producedThe rule as to agewill be occasionallyde>parted from in favour of persons havinglarge families, whose qualifications are iiotherrespects satisfactory.

6. To the wives of labourers thus seniout, the companyoffers a free passage withtheir husbands.

7. To single womena free"passagewillbegranted, provided they go out under theprotectionof theirparents,ornearrelatives,orunder actualengagements as servants toladiesgoing out as cabinpassengers on boardthe same vessel. The preference willbegiven to those accustomedto farmanddairy-work, to sempstresses, straw-platters, anddomesticservants.

8. The children of parents sent out bythe company willreceive a free passage, iitheyare uncle* one,or full fifteen ofage. at the ijme of embarkation. For allother, children three pounds each must bepaid, in full, before embarkation by theparents or friends, or by the parish. Itwillbe useless to apply for a relaxationofthis rule.

9. Persons not strictly entitled to be con-veyed out by theemigrationfund,ifnot dis-qualifiedon account of character, will, inthe discretionofthe directors,be allowedtoaccompanythe freeemigrants, on payingtothecompany the barecontractprice of pas-sage,for the time being., The charges forchildren are as"follows:

— "-Under,one yearofage,no charge;one year and under nine,one-third of the charge for adults; nineyearsof age and under fourteen, one-halfthe charge for adults;butif the parent's beof the labouring class, the children willbe taken out on*the termsstatedin Regula-tion8.

'■10. All emigrants,adults as wellas chil-

dren,must have been'^vaccinated, or havehadthe small-pox.

11. Emigrants will be for the mostpartembarked at the port of London,but thedirectors will occasionally appoint otherportsof embarkation, as circumstancesmayrequire. "

12. The expense of reaching the port ofembarkation must be borne by the emi-.grants;but on the day appointed for theirembarkation they will be received, eventhough the departureof the ship should bedelayed,and will be put to no further ex-pense.

13. Every adult emigrant is allowed totake halfa ton weight, or twenty cubic feet,of baggage. Extra baggage is liable tocharge at the ordinary rate, of freightperton.

14. The emigrantsmust provide the bed-ding for themselves and children, and thenecessary tools of their own. trades; theotherarticles most useful for emigrants totake with them, are strongplain clothing,orthe materials for making clothes upon the-passage. Inprovidingclothing,it shouldberemembered that the usual length of thevoyage is four months.

15. On the arrivalof the emigrants inthe colony, they will be received by anofficer who will supply their immediatewants, assist them in reaching the place of'their destination, be ready to advise withthem in case of difficulty, andatalltimestogive thememployment-in the service of .thecompany, if fromany cause they should beunable to obtain it elsewhere. The emi-grantswill, however, be at perfect libertyto engage themselves to any one willingto employ them, and will make their ownbargainfor wages.

By orderof the board,John Ward, Secretary.

New-Zealand Land Company's Office,1Adam st., Adelphi,29th June, 1839.

ExtractfromtheInstructionsoftheBoardof Directors of the New ZealandLandCompany, to Lieut. William MemSmith,RoyalArtillery, the Companyls-Sv/rveyor-General, as contained in- aLetter from the Secretary, dated Aug.

■ 1,1839. ]Youk surveyingoperationsshould at fiistbe entirely confined to the- site of thetown.

Inlayingout,the.plan ofithetown,youmust as *closely as possible adhere to the

Extract from the Instructions given toColonel Wakefields the Company's

.Principal Agent in command of thePreliminary Expedition.;

—"You will constantly bear in mind that-theprofits of the Company must, in,a greatmeasure,dependon the judgmentwhich youmayexercise in selectingplacesof future lo-cation. As all theworldis free to purchaselands inNew Zealanduponthe same termsas the Company,it shouldbe your especialbusiness to acquire spots which enjoy somepeculiar naturaladvantage;lands, the pos-session of which wouldbestow on thepany, or hereafter on those who maypur-chase from the Company, some valuablesuperiority over the owners of ordinarylands. Of merely fertile land there existsso great an abundance,.that its possession,however useful and valuable,would not bepeculiarly advantageous. Mere fertility ofsoil, therefore, thoughnot tobe overlooked,is a far less important consideration thannaturalfacilitiesof communicationandtrans-port. There is probably some one part ofthe islands better suited than.any other tobecome the centre of their trade, or com-mercialmetropolis, whenthey shallbemorefully inhabited by Englishmen; and theremust be manyother spots peculiarlyeligiblefor thesitesof secondary towns. The shoresof safe andcommodiousharbours, the shel-teredembouchuresof extensiverivers com-municatingwith a fertilecountry,the imme-diate neighbourhood of powerful falls ofwater which might be expected to becomethe seats of manufactures,— these are thesituations inwhich it is most to be desiredthat you should make purchases of land.And especially you should endeavour tomakean extensivepurchaseon the shores ofthat harbour,, which, all things considered,shall appear tooffer thegreatest facilities asageneral trading dep6t and portof exportandimport for allparts of the islands,— asa centre of commercefor.collecting andex-porting theproduce, of the islands,andforthe reception and distribution of foreign'goods. In making this selection, you willnot forget that Cook'sStrait forms part ofthe shortest,route fromt the Australian Co-lonies to-England,andthat thebest harbour

—Mr Swainson, the eminentnaturalist, autho-

rizesusto contradictanannouncement inthe adver-tisements of the Committee of- the first Colony,thathe is, to proceedwith them to New Zealand.Mr Swainson,does not intend to proceed till nextspring, hy which time he will have fulfilled the.literaryengagementshe has on hand.

REGULATIONS FOR LABOURERSWISHING TO EMIGRATE TONEW-ZEALAND.

1. By the terms of purchase for lands inthe company's firstand principal settlement,dated Ist June, 1839, the jompanyhas en-gaged tolay out 75 per cent, of the moniesreceived from purchasers, in defraying thecost of emigration to the settlement. Ac-cording to those terms, purchasers andothers may submitlabouringpersons,of theclass hereafter described, for a freepassage,for the approval of the company. In theselection of labouring emigrants, thecom-panyhasundertaken^ togiveapreference toapplicants who shall be under engagementto work for capitalists intending to emi-grate.

2. The company therefore offers a freepassage to the colony (includingprovisionsandmedicalattendanceduring the voyage),to personsofthe following description:

3. Agricultural labourers, shepherds,bakers, blacksmiths, braziers and tinmen,smiths, shipwrights, boat-builders, wheel-wrights, sawyers, cabinet-makers, carpen-ters,coopers, curriers,farriers, millwrights,

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.Dietaryof allbut Cabin Pessengers; the

Passengers to bein .Messes of Six.ormore,according to thefollowing Scalefor oneAdult:

—2

Saturday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Sunday;..

DAYS.1111111 lb. Biscuit.

4 lb. Beef**- * i lb. Pork.*

* * lb. rre-servedMeat.* A 4 2

!

i* i lb. Flour.i i lb. Raisins.1 1 Ioz. Suet.* * * Pint Peas.

i 4 i lb. Rice.* V £

—lb. Pota-toes

ii i oz. Tea.* * oz. Coffee.

i i * lb. Sugar3 3 oz. Butter.

iPint. Pickledfabbage.2i

oz. Salt.i oz. Mus-tard.

"3- 3 3 3 3 3 3, Quarts. Water,

THE NEW ZEALAKD GAZETTE.Zealand LandCompany, andconsistingex-clusively of heads of families and others,intendingto settlepermanentlyinNewZea-.land onlandspurchasedfromthe1Company.

The object of this society is:tcpromoteco-operation in the numerous' measuresof preparation requisite for establishing aprosperoussettlement.

The Society already numbers a consider-able body of gentlemen, who have deter-mined to emigrate with their families and-property. Others, who mayentertain simi-larviews, areinvitedto join them. Quali-fication of a member of the Society, the-purchaseof 100 acresof land;ofamemberof- the committee, 500 acres; including, inboth cases, part of the first town. Thegreater part of the purchase money to beexpendedby theCompany on theemigrationof the purchasers, their families and ser-vants. Members admittedbyballotonly.

The Colony willldepartin a body duringAugust next,1-so as to reach their destina-tion about Midsummer (in the southernhemisphere), whenthe site of the first townwillhavebeen determinedand prepared fortheir reception byapreliminary expeditionnow on its wayto New Zealand.

conditions onwhich the landorders havebeen sold,as expressed,by the enclosedcopy of the terms of purchase,— provid-ing, at all events, that everyholder of aland order obtains one full acre of land-within the town.

The directors wish that;in' forming thejplanof the town,you should make ampleTeseryes for allpublic purposes;such as a"cemetery, a market-place, wharfage,andprobable public buildings, a botanicalgarden,apark,and extensiveboulevards.It is, indeed, desirable that the whole

"outside of the town, inland, should beseparated from the country sections by a""'broad belt of land which you will de--clare that the company intends to bepublic property, on condition that no""buildingsbeevererected upon,it.

The form of the town must necessarilybe left to yourown judgmentand taste.Upon this subject the directors willonlyTemark, that youhave to provide for thefuture rather than the present, and thatthey wish the public convenience to be

-consulted, and the beautiful appearanceof the future city to be secured, so far asthese objects canbe accomplished by the

-originalplan,— rather thantheimmediate-profit of the company.

It is of essential consequence that thelands should be made ready for

-■allotmentas soon as possible.. You will consult with Colonel Wake-field as to the day Tvhen the allotmentshall take place. It should not takeplace, however,until a reasonable time- shall havebeen'allowed after the plan isfinished, for the settlers to compare themap with the ground. Public notice ofthe day of allotment should be given;-and the directors desire me'to impress onyou that everything like concealment, or i

" eventheappearanceof it, should be care-fully avoided in all the proceedings ofyour department. The first ships withsettlers will convey to youinstructions induplicate, as to the mode in which the.ch'oieeofsectionsis to takeplace,accord-ing to thepriority.determined bylot.. As soonas the survey and planof thelown are completed, youwill proceed to

" jthesurvey ofcountrysections.' " -,You will observe by the-'''Terms ofPurchase," that the company-undertakes

that the eleven hundred country-section's.shall consist of the most valuable land-atthe disposal of the directors in the first \settlement.

The directors trust, at :all events, thatyouwill adopt that*mode of proceeding;'hjwhich the holders of the preliminaryland orders will most surely obtain"the..most valuableland inthe first.settlement,:- and by which the priority of- choice de-lerminedbylot will be most strictly ob-served.

In caseany order ororders should not"l)epresented toyou at the time when the

opportunity for choosing occurs, it will- be your business to choose for the absent'holder. The directors feel assured that/they need not impress onyou the neces-sity of being careful to select, in suchcases, the very best land then open to

> .choice. This last instruction applies tothe .town as well as the country acres.Waik respect to the townacres, however,-

■it -seems indispensable that the whole■should be surveyed and mapped beforeany.choice isallowed,and that the allot-anent oftthe whole should takeplace at'Oneitime.' vltvltwill he yourduty tochoose the re-

servedsections according to the priorityW choice which has been determined%ylot.

lonization— "The S.ociety for the Propaga-

tion of the,GospelinForeign Parts*"Thatsociety,, which has always "

conse-crated thesources," and hallowed the pro-gress,of civilization,,byplanting achurch- inevery colony foundedby Englishmen, sincethe dateof its formation, has been insomedegreeapproached,upon the subject;andthecommitteeare not withouthopes that, if thesettlers' come forward, boldly andliberally,,with a subscription,forbuilding and endow-ing achurch,and guaranteeinga moderatestipend to the pastor, the society would be

;induced to respond',bymakingsome propor-tionategrant,and would,'in that case,incurthe trouble and responsibility, so,satisfactoryto thepublic,of becoming'the trustees to theendowment.

Inmakingthis application, the committeewillonly follow the precedentof South Aus-tralia;where a subscription, to the amountof 800?., was raised for the bunding of achurch,under the patronageand superinten-denceofthesociety,anda clergymanselectedby themsent out,to theuniversalsatisfactionof the colony.

The sanctionthis wouMgive to the reli-gious observances ,of the congregation,andthe dignity it would reflect upon the colonyitself,neednotbeinsistedon,;anditishoped,therefore, tTiat the settlers, as well as allthose from variousmotives interested intheundertaking, will at once exert "themselvesto secure the fulfilment of these expecta-tions.

The emigrant whobelieves the doctrines,andloves the forms, of the time-honouredinstitution with which he connects, notmerely the tender charities-of life, but themost augustrecollectionsofhiscountry, willnot consent to desolateand paganizehis fu-turehomebythe absence of the consolationswhichreligion inspires.

Considerations like this willactuatewithdoubleforce thoseparents or relativeswhosechildren or connexionsareabout to be sepa-ratedfromthem, "far as.thepolesasunder."

Themere speculatorwillperceive that thecolony itself willbe incomplete,withoutsuchaninstitution;and that no decent or well-conducted family wouldconsent to settleina country withouta church.'

The subscriptions, will-be confined, in agreat-measure, to the permanent endowmentof the church, by the purchase- of one ormoresections of landan the -principal town-ship,of.the colony, to:the erection.ofthe ne-cessarybuildings, includinga.house for theclergyman, and to the providing forhimasuitableoutfit.

- "

The.annual stipend-will be- secured by aguaranteeonthe part of certainmembersofthe colony,againstwhichtheywall indemnifythemselvesby the.pew rentsqf apart of thechurch:

The sumof 10.1/,,if contributed immedirately,will secure- oneacreof building landin, the first town,,on.which, the,,church and|parsonage may be built, and100, acres of:contiguous rural, land, wJtrich ;will form a■glebe,and the companywill*give afree cabin■passage to tha.- clergyman,, if lie proceedswith the first.colony.It is believed. -that five- or six hundred*

poundsbeyond this willbesufficient to raisesuchbuildings-as-may answer for the first.

1 years of an infant society. For the future,; thesettlers will cheerfully trustin the bles-sing of the Almighty, to protect his own1church, whichmay,without indulginginanypictures of imagination,, be the means ofspreading the light of the gospel fromNewZealandaver the islands of the Pacific. Todo this, wouldbe to.compensatefuture,gene-rations for the injuries inflicted on thepast,-by the pestilential influence exertedbyEng-land, through her penal colonies, over thewholesouthernhemisphere.

As the founders of the proposed, colony*acting on the principles of William Perm,havepurchased,their lands fromthe natives,and have resolved by a uniform system tosecure,, as far as possible,.aperfect equalityand conjunctionbetween the settlers and theaborigines^it.istobe understood in this,andin all other appeals made to the publicby'the members of the colony, that thenativesare to,participate equally withthemselves inall the benefits ofthe localinstitutions.

iestablishment ofan Infant School for the1benefitof the-cbildrenofthe Aborigines,and"of thepoorer-class ofsettlers. " " - <"

'"

; With thisintention,she haspurchasedone;of -the- preliminary sections of land, which;she-gives as a perpetualendowmentfor this|purpose,and has takenupon herself the re-#" sponsibifi-fcy of guaranteeing the salary forj the1 first year of a masterand mis-tress, with,theirdaughter,as an assistant,for whomshe,has likewise provided freepassages, andac-:commodatien on arrivinginfNewZealand. v

j The teacher engaged is Mr Buchanan,Iwho* 'during, the last twenty years, has su- *

perintendedthe first institutionof this kindestablishedinEngland.It i^intendedto placethecontributionsin

the-hands-of threetrustees, leaving thema-nagement, in the first instance, to.the ladywho*is-the originator of'the'plan-, who sub-scribes- the larger portion of the funds, andwho*, proceeding- tq the colony with herhusband,is- willing to give upas much ofher time as- may be necessary for1 the per-sonalsuperintendenceof the school. '

The* trustees- will make themselves re^sponsiblefocthe- due administrationof thefunds,,anddetailed reportswillbe forwardedperiodically; to-the subscribers inEngland-

""An immediate-outlayisrequiredfor build*

inga school-roomyas well as residence formaster and; mistress, with other incidentalexpensesat thecommencement. iIt is-believedthat, if the necessary,build-

ings can- be erected, the institution:-mayshortlyrely upon, the exertionsof the colo-nists themselves ;.and it is calculated thatthe sum- of twoshundred pounds willbevsuf*ficient to- lay the foundation of a* systemwhich may.hereafter extend itself oot-4largeportionof the-infantpopulation;of NewZealand..

Donations and annual subscriptions re-ceived byDr Evaaas, chairman of the firstcolony, at the Office of the New ZealandLand Company, No. 1 Adam Street,Adelpfii.

Trustees*andother' officers, including acommittee'of correspondents in England,willbe appointed;afe a General Meeting ofsubscribersbefore-tihe departure of the firstcolony;.

Should these proposals meet withi anyconsiderable support* the plan willbe ex-tended- so) as t<h includean- Infant OrphanAsylum**

BANKERS.Mmsrs- HAN-KEYj Fencburchstreet..

LITERARY,. SCIENTIFIC, ANDPHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTIONS

POR THE BENEFIT, OP -THEBBSTISH SETTLERS.AND NATIVEINHABITANTS

OF THE ISLANDS OP NEW ZEALAND.COMMITTEE:

©bohoe SazhcohlEvans,D.C.L., Chairman.Hon. Henry-Petre.

■ Captain t>ANiEix.Dudley Sinclair, Esq.Francis, Molesworth,Esq.Edward Bbcts, Hopper,JSsq-. ~ 'George Duppa, Esq.Edek Bowler, Esq.

. " BANKERS.'Messrs. Wright and Co.,Jfenrietla street, .

Covent garden.The Society, w.Mch has been formedunderthe designation,of " the First Colony," andwhich, consists exclusively, 'as they havealready annoaiaced,of heads offamiliesandothers about to settle in New Zealand,onlands purchased from the New Zealand.Company, areimpressedwith the beliefthata Colony to be prosperousshould be com-posedof aportion of anoldSociety, trans-ferredcomplete in all itsparts,andcontain-ing at least the rudiments of allthoseinsti-tutions,"which give the tone and characterto.civilization.

As the shortness of the timeintervening,before theirdeparture,in August,precludesthe possibility of any veryminute separatearrangements for distinctsocieties, theCom-mittee offer themselves to the public aspro-visional trustees for the administration ofany funds which ,may be contributed forscientific orphilanthrophic purposes.

On the all-important subjects of religionand education,they are happy to. observethat the membersof the Church ofEngland,connected with,the Colony,have announcedaplan, and opened a subscription for theendowment of a Church inconnexion vrith"the Society for,the Propagation of theGospelin ForeignPartsf andaJs^T'vfbo^s about toproceed withher.4iuiba|td^tQ theColony, is receiving contrigbt^;'^jinemaintenance of anInfantSch^^dj^phan>jAsylum for the nativecWldjfcnP^^^vf2j|

The Committeebeg,at tiffi wte^M>W ■.call attention to two points,»eMfe^^aw^ .the other philanthropic, ing*^^||)^^\;

JEI&&T COLONY OF NEW.ZEALAND.

COMMITTEE, ,'

WITH POWER TO ADI> TO.THEIRNUMBER.;GeorgeSamu l̂EvaJls> D.C.L., Chairman,'Hon.HenryTe.tre* . [Captain JDaniell. n

:Dudley Sinclair, L s^' v IFrancis Molesworth, Es£

'iEdward fietts Hopper,- "bsq* ' :

'GeorgeDuppa, Esq.Henry St Hill,Esq.George Hunter,Esq. - 'i'

H.Moreing,Esq.,F.A.S.£>. Biddiford,Esq.-Samuei;Revaws,Esqv

"Se°'Under the aoove designation a Socie **£**been formed;; in connexion wfth the r v

EPISCOPAL CHURCHIN NEWZEALAND.

COMMITTEE. , jHon.Francis Baring,M.P.Sir G.Sinclair,Bart.,M.P.J.Ivatt Bxiscoe,Esq.,M.P.Wijliam Hutt,Esq.,M.P.J.Abel Smith, Esq.,M.P.

, Rev.,Samuel Hinds,D.D.G.S.Evans, Esq.,D.C.L.Rev. W.Selwyn,M.A.E.Halswell,Esq.,M.A.H.Moreing,Esq.., F.A.S.CaptainDaniell.HenrySt Hill,Esq.E.B.Hopper, Esq.

BANKERS.Messrs Smith*, Payne,andSmiths. ,

The members of the church of England,connected with the first colony of emigrants ,aboutto settleintheislands ofNew Zealand,,beg respectfully to submit the followingpro-posals to theheads of their own church, aswell as to christians of every denomination,who may be willing to support the onlyat-tempt that is likely to be made, for sometime,.to founda Christiancongregationin theprojectedsettlementatNew Zealand.

It is unnecessary to contend for the amportance of laying, as early as possible^ thefoundations of those institutions whichwillgive the tone and character to future so-cieties;and,'above all,ofproviding for thosemoral sanctions

'which true religion aloneI

can furnish-for the subjugationof conscience'to the authority oflaw.Itishoped that, inthenineteenthcentury

of the Christian era, the spectaclemay notbe exhibited of a large body of emigrants,Iculled in due proportion from all ranks of,themother country, moving ina social or-,ganizationperfect in all other points, save-that which,could alone distinguish it from a.'communityofunbelievers or .pagans.

The large majority of the emigrants aceattached to the churchof England,and theyare desirous of quitting their native landsunder the sanction and benedictionof theirmother church. There areothers also*em-barked in an enterprise which draw men-together and make many differences, once!exaggeratedappearinsignificant, who.cheer-fully contributeto theformationof onelarge'and united congregation, rather than, splitthemselves into small and feeblecommuai-ties. Theyfeel thatthereareoccasions,whenfaith itself may give place to charily,,, andconfess that some of their most formidableobjections vanish, ina colony, inhere therecanbe noquestionof predominance,becausethere is no establishment, and whereeverychurchmust dependupon thevoluntaryzealof its ownadherents.

Although the colony, as sacb,.can take nocognizance of these matters, yet, as it is'practically the case-that the majority of itsmembers are connected with thechurch ofEngland,they have consulted as to the bestmeans of securing their religions objects.After mature deliberation,theyare satisfiedthat the mos'i safe and orderly way of pro-ceeding is /to place themselves and theirsubscriptions atthedisposal of thatvenerablecorporatic/n,' whichthe mostperfectly embo-dies the doctrine, thediscipline, and the au-thority ofthe'church of England;and which.,of allothers, the most "naturally cares foxthern^'having been'formed,' for suchspecialpurposes, in times the most propitious toco-

NEW ZEALAND INFANT SCHOOL.

LADIES PATRONESSES.The Countess of Durham.Lady Pbtkb... Lady Molesworth.

1 Hon.Mrs. Baring.

A Lady, the wife of one of the earliestmembers of the first colony intending tosettle inNew Zealand, has resolvedon the

3

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.TABLE OF DISTANCES.

New Zealand Gazette.FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER6, 1839.

and denominationscanperfectly agree;andwhich may, therefore, with propriety andadvantage, be undertaken by the Colonistsas a Society,

—the formation of a Public

Library, with a GeneralMuseum andScientificInstitution,and theestablish-ment of aDispensary, or Hospital,for

*the benefit of the settlers, and the Abori-gines of the country.

It is obviousthat without the former ofthese Institutions, a high standard of civili-zationcannotbe maintained,and that it isbeyondthe power of individual settlers toprovide for it,on an adequate scale, in theinfancyof theundertaking. It is believedalso that Governments and public societies,by communicating their official papersandtransactions, and noblemen and gentlemen,by giving duplicates of works,will,withoutinconvenience to themselves, confer an in-estimable boonon the Colony by their jointcontributions. Subscriptions in money willbe received also, but it is imagined thatthere are few individuals acquainted withthe subject who willnot cheerfully presentat least one volume, or one specimen ofscience or art,tobe deposited,as a token oftheir good will,in thePublic Library of theNew ZealandColony.

Separate accounts will be kept, and astrict appropriation of the funds be made,according to the willof the subscribers;andit is understood that the benefit of the In-stitutions willbe open,without distinctionofrank, to all the inhabitants of the Colony,whether settlersor Aborigines.

Contributionsto theLibrary,theMuseum,or the Dispensary, either in money or inkind, will be thankfully received by anymember of the Committee, at the Office ofthe New ZealandLand Company.

The contributions most valued will beBooks, whether in ancient or modernlan-guages, Manuscripts, Maps, Charts, En-gravings, Paintings and Sculpture, withcopies or casts,Models ofInrentionsand ofBuildings, specimens of Minerals and ofNatural History, Coins, Medals, &c, andwhatever may suggest itself as essential tothe plans of a Colony which proposes tocherish the refinementsof civilization fromthe beginning of its existence.

The Committee will make a public ac-knowledgement of allcontributionsmade tothem,and a permanentrecordof theobliga-tion,in the Colony;and theyholdout' thispledge to the public Institutions, or indivi-duals who may assist them, that they will,as soon as intheir power, requite them, bythereturn of anequivalentamount of spe-cimens, collected inNew Zealand and theneighbouringcountries.

First Colony ofNew Zealand,1, Adam Street, Adelphi, JulyBth, 1839.

Justice to the Aborigines.—

Thisphrase has excited the pleasantry of verymany individuals. The conduct of the peo-ple of South Australia towards theabori-gines has associatedtruth with these words.TheLandCompany ofNewZealandhas com-mencedits operationsbyreserving a quan-tity equal to one-tenth of the town andcountry lands recently disposed of. At thelottery for priority of choice, the nativereservesproved greatly toexceed the aver-age of fortune. If these lands be wellma-naged there i-s littledoubt they willbe worth100,000^. inten years, and at the Austra-lian rate of 10 per cent, per annum, willyield a revenue of 10,000Z. pledged to beapplied to the use andbenoSt of the nativesofNew Zealand. This willbe theresult ofthesaleof asingle township. The prospectof a large fund for the civilizati&n "of thenativesis truly promising, and willconvincethe most sceptical that ho idle mockeryordishonest purpose is cloakedin the use ofthis phrase.

Extract from the minutesof ameeting oftheCommittee of the Aborigines ProtectionSociety,heldonthe10thofAugust, 1839:

—"Resolved—

ThatthisCommitteereceiveswith pleasure intelligence respecting themeasures adoptedby theNew Zealand LandCompanywith reference to portions of landset aside by them for Aborigines in theneighbourhood of their intended settlement;the Committed, however, conceives, that inorder togivecompleteeffect totheintentionoftheCompany, it is desirable that the por-tions of landso reserved should be imme-diately vested in Trustees for the soleienefit of the natives." ...

Public Accommodation-.— One of theemigrantsproceeding tothe colonywith thefirst expedition, goes under an engagementto openahouse for the accommodation ofthe colonists of New Zealand.

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THECOLONIZATION OF NEW ZEA-LAND.

As such arecordmayproveinteresting tothe future inhabitants of New Zealand,and instructive to those who shall engageinsimilar undertakings,wepropose togivea brief history of the colonization of ouradopted country.It is supposedby some that New Zea-

land wasvisitedby Juan Fernandez. Heleft memoranda stating that hehad sailedwestward fromSouthAmericathirty days,when he reached acountryinhabited by apeopleof alight complexion, clothed inakind of linen,who treated him hospita-bly; andinallparts ofNew Zealand thenativeshave traditions ofbeingvisitedbyEuropeans longbefore the timeofCaptainCook. Further information on this sub-jectmay be found in Burney's 'Historyof Discovery in the South Seas.f .It isclear, however,'that AbelJansen Tasmanfirst made known the existence of NewZealand to Europeans. He saw it firston the 13th of September, 1642, whenhemadethenorthern extremityofthe islands,according to his latitudes; and,runningdown the east coast, passed throughCook's Strait into aBay, whichhecalledMurderer's Bay, from thecircumstance oflosing four men in a conflict with thenatives,who effectuallypreventedhim orany of hispeople from landing. There isno evidence of any European havinglanded on these islands before CaptainCook, which he did on the evening ofSunday the Bthof October,1769, accom-paniedby Solander andBanks.Itmaybe satisfactory to those engaged

in the colonization of New Zealand, orother islands of the Pacific, to know thatthey are fulfilling the intentions of hisMajesty George the Third,as willappearfrom the following extract from the in-structions given to Captain Cook.—"Youare also, with the consentof thenatives, to "take possession, in the nameofthe Kingof Great Britain,of conveni-ent situations in such countries as youmaydiscover, that havenot already beendiscovered or visited by anyother ,Euro-peanpower;and to distribute among theinhabitants such things as will remain astraces and testimonies ofyourhavingbeenthere; but if.you find the countries so jdiscovered are uninhabited, you are totake possessionof them for his "Majesty,by setting up propermarks and inscrip-tions as firstdiscoverers and possessors."

Inpursuanceof these instructions,Cap-tain Cook having cii'cumnavigated ■andsurveyedbothislands,whichhadformerlybeen deemedpart of the great Terra Azcs-tralisIncognita, and passed through theStraits which bear his name, landed onvarious points in both islands, and withthe usual solemnities- took possession ofthem_on behalf of the King of GreatBritain,; and thus, according to the re-ceivedlaw of nations,established a claimto the sovereignty as against all foreignpower,— a claim which ths crown itselfcannot lightly abandon. s After such anact on the partof a servantn tof the crown

balism had now'nearly vanished. New-Zealandhadbecome the head quartersofthe whale fishery. The value of itstimber, its flax, and other indigenousproducts had been madp known by MrNicholas andother writers,andthenativesthemselveshadbeen frequently employedas able seamen on board British vessels,when many abortive schemes were pro-poundedfor thecolonization of the coun-try. Among other attempts was one, webelieve, originally suggested by Col.Nicholls of the Marines, who invainsub-mitted hisplans to Lord Bathurst, thenSecretaryof State for the Colonies. Col.Nichollshad collected agreat dealof in-formation withrespect to thecountryandits inhabitants, which was communicatedto his relative, Col. Tofrens, and led,through the exertions of the latter gen-tleman, to the formation of the companyof 1825. Thatcompany, under the sanc-tion of its enlightened chairman, MrLambton,now Earl of Durham, accom-plishedallthat waspossible under the cir-cumstances. ■ An unfortunate selectionappears to have been made of the com-pany's chief agent,whomade somevalu-able acquisitions ofterritory, heldsacredto the usesof thecompany by thenatives tothis day, andnowincorporated, after thelapseof fourteenyears,with the otherpos-sessionsofthepresentcompany, yethesud-denlyabandoned theenterprizeonmistak-ing awar dance performed in honour ofhim for a hostile demonstration. Thegentlemen composing,thisassociation ab-stained from openingit to the public untilsome further success had been obtained,and were discoui-aged also by the well-remembered state of the moneymarket in.the year 1826. They, however,-expended20,000/., and received from Mr Hus-kisson,the promise of a charter of incor-poration, which has beenrecognized bysubsequent governments, and is consi-deredin force at the present day. '

Theproceedingsof thecompany, nearlythe whole of whose artizans, when dis-chargedby the agentatSydney,returnedand settledin New Zealand— so little didthey share in the panic of their com-mander

—the growing prosperity of themissionaries, the increasingresort ofship-

ping, the influx of runaway convicts anddeserters from vessels, with the flagrantcrimes perpetratedin this mixedandlaw-less community, drew the attentionofthegovernorof Sydney,who wasinduced toappoint, with theconcurrenceof the homegovernment, what he termed a consul"accredited to the missionariesat theBayof Islands." Thoseexcellent men doubt-loss werenot aware that this was, diplo-matically speaking, a transfer to them ofthe sovereignty from the crown of Eng-land;andit may quiet the apprehension,of those jurists whomay imagine thatthesovereignty of those islands was indeedeverpartedwith, to recollect that, underthese circumstances, it could'onlybeheldin trust, or, at the least, as a feudatoryprincipality. That the missionaries re-garded it somewhat in this light, is clearfrom ■ the manner in which they haveresisted the encroachments of foreign,nations, and the wayin which theyhavemodelled the administration of their go-vernment after that of the prince-bishopssof the middle ages. They,havemaintained,the,powersdelegated to them,within their palatinate. Resisting allattempts to mediatize them, they haveupheld their theocracy; andweknow-notAvhether to compare the converted chief-tains to tenantsincapite,thelesserbarons,.or to the heads of tribes ministering to-that ofLevi. Athome theinfluence of a-.wealthy and important society was all-powerful at the colonial office, glad to be=relievedoftrouble andresponsibilitywhilstobliging agreat party; and the organ ofthat society, its secretary,wieldinganex-penditure of fifteen thousand a year inNew Zealand, found !ahnself virtuallygovernor and bishop 'of both islands, ofwhich that sum mif/ht have bought thefee simple.

Thesolemnity,however picturesque, ofconvening a £f £Vr savagechieftains in theneighbourhood of the.Bay of Islands,making theyfn declare their independence,,and giving them a flag, could no morequell t1Ac disorders thatprevailedthroughthe is\/and.s, thanitcould,inconstitutionaliaw giye away the king's dominions."£ jti^ocjouscrimes wereperpetratedbyEn-

as that performed by Captain Cook, any-British subject settling on those islandscarriedwithhim,according toBlackstoneand all the authorities, the common

iand

statute law as his birthright, and mightclaimprotection accordingly.

Captain Cook "saw that New Zealandwas aneligible site for a colony, and re-commendedit as such5 but no attemptwas made to follow up his suggestions.Benjamin Franklin and Mr Dalrympleissued proposals, but without' anysuccess,for raising a sum of \S,OOQL, withaviewto supply the New Zealanders with thoseuseful animals, vegetables, &c. and artsof life, of which they were destitute.Thispaperis dated August29th,1771,andmay be found among Franklin's 'Mis-cellaneous Works/ In the parliamentarydebates which led to the establishment ofapenal settlement at New South Wales,New Zealand wasmentionedas adesirableplace for the experiment,- and narrowlyescaped through the terror 'of,its canni-balism. Attention was further drawn tothat part of the worldby the establish-ment of missions in the Society Islands,about the year1795, by the London Mis-sionary Society; andinthe year 1814 theRev. Samuel Marsden, of New SouthWales, laid the foundation of the ChurchofEnglandMission at theBay ofIslands.Previouslyto this,however,Col.Foveaux,of the New South Wales Corps, had re-commended New Zealand to the governorof Sydney as a penal settlement, on theplanafterwards adoptedatNorfolkIsland;andsuggestions weremade byCol. Jack-son and others to take possession of thecountry by a military force from India.The first regularproceedings were takenin the year-1814,witha view to the pro-tection of the missionaries and otherBritishsettlers, andunder the same autho-rity which enabled the Sydney "govern-ment to takepossessionof Norfolk Island,in the same longitude, — namely, thepriority,of discovery, the consent of thenatives,and the commission of thegover-nor of Sydneyunder anactofparliament,extending his jurisdiction over NewZealand and other islands of thePacific.

There arediplomatic groundsconnectedwith- certain European.treatieswhichgiveimportance to the date of thisproclama-tion,which is, Nov. 9th,<1814. Amongother things thepaper states,

— "His Ex-cellencybeingequally solicitous to.protectthe natives of New Zealand and the Bayof Islands, in all their just rights andprivileges, as those of every other depen-dencyof the territoryofNeroSouth Wales,herebyordersanddirects," &c.&c.; thenproceeds to appoint Mr Thomas Kendall"resident magistrate at the Bay ofIslands," extends the regulations laiddown for New Zealand to " the adjacentisles," and names

"Duaterra, Shunghi,and Korra-korra magistrates" in NewZealand,for the purposes of the procla-mation.

Such was the first, introduction ofEuropean settlers into New Zealand;andso far from colonization being then re-garded with suspicion, it was the onlyform thatmissionary labour waspermittedto assume. It was the deliberate resolu-tion of theChurch Missionary Society togive the mission, in the first instance, asecular and merely civilizing character.No ordained clergyman wassentout;andthe missionaries were officially termed" the society's settlers at the Bay ofIslands." We mayindeedventure to say,on behalf of those laborious men whomade the first successful inroaduponbar-barism, that it is unjust intheir friends toturn round upon them for too faithfullyadhering to theprinciple of their institu-tion, by continuing to be a colony afterthesubscribers athome had changedtheirminds and resolved to patronize nothingbut missions. The slow but sure successofwhatDrLangcalls "themissionarycar-penter,boat-builder, blacksmith,plough-man, rope-spinner, &c." madeknown inmonthly and weekly reports throughoutEngland,, drewattention to the*vast re-sources of the country;awd the ChurchMissionary Society so effectually.perform-ed its work in preparing tho way for acolony, that within a very few years.afterthe settlement was founded at the Bay ofIslands, the secretary, the Re\T. JosiahPratt, declared" that inoneof the provin-cial towns ofEngland he knew of a large inumber of families ready to emigrate toINew Zealand. The bug-bear of canni-

4

foNicholson's Harbour, Cook'sStraits,

From England -„ South Australia ' -„ PortPhilip -„ Launceston

-„ Hobart Towa„ Sydney

-

Miles. I13 200

2,4501,7001,6001,6001,350

Days.

1201512111110

To.England,From Nicholson's Harbour„ Sydney

-„ Launceston-

„ South Australia

14,00015,35015,60016,450

100

nar116

From Nicholson's Harbour,Fo New.Caledonia

-Friendly Islands„ New Guinea -Sandwich IslandsJava

-„Japan -„ Canton

-„Isle ofFrance -„Madras

-„Mexico' -„Lima

"„ Valparaiso

-„ Cape Horn -

Cape of GoodHope "

1,5001,5002,7004,0004,2004,8005,0006,0006,3005,6005,8005,8006,1008,300

1010183535504050605050506060

was inadvocating the peculiar principlesof colonization,of which he was the au-thor, ani upon which he had recentlysucceededin founding thecolony ofSouthAustralia, that Mr Wakefield drew theattentionofMr Baring to the subject,weneed scarcely add that he proceededthroughout on Ms own system. Thatsystem is too well known to all who areengaged in colonizing operations, to re-quire farther noticehere.

Having matured hisplan, Mr Wake-field communicated it to some privatefriends,before the close of the year 18.36.Early in the followingspring, some addi-tional co-operators having been obtained,the NewZealandAssociationwas founded,of which, the- first meeting was held onMonday, the 22nd of May,'1837, at No20 Adam street, Adelphi, where roomswere hired for the use of the association.Mr Wakefield presided as chairman,andresolutions were passed founding an asso-ciation,consisting of two classes of mem-bers

—those intending to emigrate, who

undertook to pay all the expenses (al-though they ultimately fell upon MrWakefield and Dr Evans* alone),and ofpublic men who, without any pecuniaryinterest or view to profit, and on publicgroundsalone, as they clearly and dis-tinctly stated in everypublication, gaveup theirtime andlabour to theprosecutionofa veryarduous national undertaking.

Thecommittee consisted exclusively ofthe latter class, to whom it wasproposedto confide the execution ,of the plan inEngland, andwasat first composed of thefollowing gentlemen:—

The Hon. Francis Baring, M.P.,Chairman,

TheRight Hon. Lord Petre,Walter F. Campbell,Esq., M.P.,RobertFerguson, Esq.,M.P.,Benjamin Hawes, Esq., M.P.,PhilipHoward,Esq., M.P.,William Hutt,Esq., M.P.,Sir ?m. Molesworth,Bart., M.P.,Sir Geo. Sinclair,Bart,M.P.,Henry George Ward, Esq., M.P.,W. Wblryche Whitmore, Esq.Itwas during themonthofJuly in this

year that two New Zealanders, whosenamesare familiarto thepublic, theRan-fitira,Te Naiti, and Te Hiakai, visited

ranee,, Mr Wakefield, hearing.theywereatHavre, employed aperson athisexpense to bring them to thismetropolis,if agreeable to them. The younger one,Hiakai,resided for abouteight months inthe family of Dr Evans, until he diedofconsumption, which in this country sooften proves fatal to the natives of themild regions of the Pacific. Duringhis lifetime, he snowed a disposition ofthe most"amiable kind, andacapacity ofthe very first order. . It was the opinionof thegentleman with whom he resided,that his abilities would have enabledhimto masteranyof the abstractsciences, andto ha-ve distinguished himself. He wasthe brother of Iwi Kau, the chief ofBanks's Peninsula. He was buried inBrompton churchyard;and it was to thecredit of his companionNaiti that, threeweeks after the funeral, he was" foundalone,weepingoverthegrave. TeNaiti,resided during his two years stay in En-gland, under the roof of Mr Wakefield,whoalways treatedhim as a friend. Heis a young manof high feelingand mostgentlemanly deportment. He is nearlyrelated to the most powerfulchieftain inNew Zealand,the RangatizaTeRaupora,whosedominions happen to include thoseterritories onbothsides ofCook's Straits,whichit will be'most desirable- for thecompany to purchase. Te Naiti, there-fore,hasaccompaniedthe firstexpedition,as interpreter, for which office he is pre-eminently qualified, by hisknowledge ofthe English language,his rank amonghiscountrymen, the favourable impressionsmade uponhis mind inEngland, andhisperfect knowledge of the real principlesandultimate designs ofthe company. Inthis wajr there canbe no fraud, no snamconvention of the natives to setup ago-vernment nominally native, really Euro-pean. Heknows, and is to explain to hiscountrymen, that if they cede their terri-torysfor the purposes of the colony,theymust submit to thelaws of England, but" The gentleman to whom Mr Wakefield first

communicated his plan, after maturing itwith MrBaringandhis brother, Capt, Arthur Wakefield,R.N. ■ ;

glishmen. Ardent spirits,gunpowder, andvirulent,diseases were -introduced. Ruf-fians who had escaped from the chain-gangs of New South Wales, or who fromvarious causes wereashamedofappearinginconvictsociety,flocked toNew Zealandand furnished the natives with corrosivesublimates, laudanum and other poisons,to destroyeachother with;andtheneigh-bourhood of the missionary settlementssoon became themost demoralizedinNewZealand.

Repeated representations were madeto the government in England to dothat which should repress these evils,but without the least effect. The mer-chants of London joined in a memo-rial, signed by the heads of all theprincipal houses engaged in the south-seatrade. A petition, in 1834, was senthomeby the most respectableof the set-tlersinNew Zealand, whichwasrepeatedin1836, andsigned by all the influentialmembers of themissionitself;but, throughsomeinfluence at the Colonial Office, allapplications,both publicandprivate,weredisregarded;anditseemed the fixedresolutionof the government,whatever incon- jvenience or sufferingmight beoccasionedbyit, toleave undisturbed theexperimentof trainingup a native Levitical republicunder missionary control, directed pri-marily by a lay secretary inEngland.

Such was the state of things in NewZealand whenan incident gave reality toaproject which had longbeen familiar tothe minds of its author. In awork en-titled < EnglandandAmerica,' New Zea-land had been pointed outas one of thefinest fields for colonization. A commit-teeofthe House ofCommons, "upon thedisposal of wastelands in the British co-lonies," was sitting on the 27thof June,1836,when thefollowinganswerwasgivenijMrEdward Gibbon Wakefield to aquestion by the chairman,Mr Ward:

—"961.Are there anyparts of the worldsubject to our domiuion now, in whichyouimagine that new colonies might befounded advantageously under this pro-posed system?— Many. Iconsider thatin Australia,at present, there areno colo-nies;Ilookupon the settlements inNewSouth Wales and Van Diemen's Land asmeregaolsof apeculiarkind. They callthe keeper 'his excellency,' and thechaplain 'right reverend;'" but the realtruth is, they arenothing else but gaols.Then SouthAustralia is not yet founded.There remains alarge extent of countrybetween South Australia and that whichis called Western Australia: there is inExtra-Tropical Australia a district ofgroundopen to colonization,of which theoutline touchedby the sea-coast cannotbeless than 4,000miles. Verynear toAus-tralia there isa country, Avhich all testi-mony concurs in describing as the fittestcountry inthe worldfor..colonization; asthemostbeautifulcountry,with the finestclimate and the most productivesoil;ImeanNew Zealand. It willbe said thatNew Zealanddoesnotbelongto theBritishcrown,and that is true;but Englishmenare beginning to colonize New Zealand.New Zealandis coming under the domi-nionof the British crown. Adventurers'go from New South Wales andVan Die-men's Land and make a treatywith ana-tive chief— a treaty induplicate, thepoorchief not understanding a single wordabout it", but they make a contractuponparchment withagreatseal, and fora few-trinkets andalittlegunpowdertheyobtainland. After a time in these cases, aftersomepersonshavesettled,the governmentat homebegins to receive hints that thereis a regular settlement of Englishpeopleformed insuch aplace;and then the go-vernment at home generally hasbeen ac-tuated byawish to appoint a governor,and says,'Thisspot belongsto England;we will send out a governor.' The actof sending out a governor according toourconstitution,or law, or practice, constitutes the place to whichagovernor issent aBritishprovince. 'We are,Ithink,going to colonize New Zealand, thoughwe aredoingso in a most slovenly, andscrambling, and disgracefulmanner."

The'statementhere quotedled toacon-versation between amember of the com-mittee, theHon.Francis Baring, and thewitness, and to the formation of a plan■which was shortly after embodied in thedraft of abill,intituled « ABill to facili-tate and regulate the Settlement of Bri-tish Subjects in New Zealand." As it

The Hon. Francis Babing, M.P.,Chairman.

TheRight Hon. theEarl ofDurham. "TheRight Hon.Lord Petre.Hon. W.B.Baring,M.P.Walter F.Campbell,Esq., M.P.Charles Enderby, Esq.Robert Ferguson,Esq., M.P.The Rev.Samuel Hinds, D.D.Benjamin Hawes,Esq.,M.P.Philip Howard,Esq., M.P.William Hutt,Esq., M.P.George Lyall,Esq.Thomas Mackenzie,Esq., M.P.Sir WilliamMolesworth, Bart.,M.P. ,Sir George Sinclair, Bart.,M.P.Captain Sir William Symonds, R.N.HenryGeorge Ward, Esq.,M.P.W.Wolryche Whitmore,Esq.When parliament assembled, Lord

Melbourne was reminded of what had.passed before; and an interview wasrequested for the purpose .of obtaining,the final sanction of government tothemeasure. LordMelbourneandLordGlenelg jointly received the deputation,which, however, had scarcely been ad-mitted to the presence of the ministers,when theyevinced symptoms of officialhostility to thescheme. Apowerfuloppo-sition toit had evidentlygrown up dur-ing the recess,of parliament. WhateverLord Melbourne might intend, it wasplain that the Colonial Office badresolvedto crush the undertaking.

Inorder to discover theorigin of thischange of feeling in the government, it,would be necessary to go back to anearlier period, whena deputation,consist-ingof the Hon;,Captain Wellesley,R.N.y.Captain Arthur Wakefield, R.N., andDr (Evans, waitedupon Mr DandesonCoates, thesecretary of theChurchMis-sionary Society," in the. month of June,..1837, to present to that society,the firstpamphlet of theassociation,andtorequesttheir advice and co-operation. The an-swer givenbyMr Coates to those gentle-men was, that ,"hehadno doubt of the,respectability of the gentlemencomposingthe associ.i ion, orof thepurityof theirin-tentions, but thathe was opposed to thecolonization of New Zealand upon anyplan, and mould thmart them by all themeansinhispower." Shortly after thisinterview the Rev Dr Hinds, vicar ofYardley, a memberof the committee ofthe association,addressedanofficiallettertothecommittee oftheChurchMissionarySociety, expressing the sincere desire ofthe association to adopt,any reasonablesuggestions thatmight bemadeby the so-ciety inLondon, and to uphold the mis-sionaries in the colony. Of this letter,coming officially from asociety of noble-menandgentlemen, and writtenby adis-tinguishedclergyman, no manner of no-tice was taken. We have reason to be-lieve thatMr Coates did not even thinkfit to lay it before his ownemployers;and that the greatbulk of themembers -.of the Church Missionary Society have >been kept in the dark with respect notmerely to the overtures of the Asso-ciation, but to the proceedings and con-dition of the Mission in New Zealand.That, however, is exclusively their ownaffair. The public are only interested ■

inknowing that every possible attention .-and respect waspaid to theChurch Mis-sionary Society, and that every overture-was rejectedwith incivility and disdain.We can state upon authority, that theassociation wereanxious to place amongthecommissioners for founding thecolonysomeleadingmembers of the MissionarySociety, and to revise thebill with them,clause by clause, adopting any sugges-tions that might be, reasonably made,-withaview toprotect themissionaries'andto benefit the aborigines. Insteadof thecourtesies which the demeanour of-the as-sociation seemed to invite,Mr Coatesrepliedbypamphlets, in which'the mem-bers of the association werechargedwithloveof lucre andwilfuldeception. Thesewereansweredby Mr Wakefield and DrHinds. Toanalyse the whole ofthe con-troversy wouldbeimpossible on this oc-casion.

The altered tone of Lord Melbournewas, however, apparentat the interviewjustmentioned, when heand Lord-Gle-nelg, but especially the latter, objected,not merely lo the details,of the plan but -to every principle of,the bill, andevento all further colonization by "England."This countryhadcolonies enough,-more

that both races are to be on a perfectequality. He is confident that the pro-posal wjllbe embraced with eagerness byhis countrymen,and his ambition is litoseea towninhis country, where he canlive like an Englishman." So large acircle in themetropolis received him onterms of equality, and knew him inti-mately, that wehavenot hesitated tospeakin* the strongest terms ofthe gentlenessofhis disposition, andtheurbanity, wemightsay elegance,ofhis manners. Onpartingwith his English friends at Gravesend,he could not control his emotion, butburst into tears, and went sobbing to theship,wherehe remained alone inhis cabinfor the restof the day.

To returnfrom this episode, about thesame period of which we have beenspeaking (the summer of1837),apamph-let was drawn up and published, ex-plaining the principles and objects ofthe association; and application wasmade, to the prime minister for aninterview. Lord Melbourne apparentlyinclined to favour the undertaking, andimmediately granted an audience to thecommittee. At thismeetingLordHowickwas the only minister presentbesides thepremier,apparently as the organ of theColonial Office. Thatnoble lord, towhom'

the plan was referredbyLordMelbourne,and who has taken especial pains to con-nect his name with the colonization ofNew Zealand, examined the draught ofthebillminutely,professedawarminterestin the project, and returned the paperswith a very full commentary, suggestingvarious alterations. Inconversation withvarious members of the association, hegave further reason to expect that themeasurewouldhave thebest assistance ofthe government. Several ofthem,there-fore,abandoned professionalengagements,sold propertyon the faithof the expecta-tion virtually heldoat to them, andmadepreparations for emigrating. A new billwas drawn, embodyingeveryoneofLordHowick's suggestions, to someof whichthe associationhad objections,but whichthey waived inconsideration ofreceivinghislordship's powerfulinfluence and sup-port.

The deathof his Majesty, William theFourth,at thisjuncture,stoppedallfurtherproceedings. Parliament was dissolved,and the committee, with Lord Howick'swritten communicationbefore them, cameto the following resolution:

—Resolved— "That this committee are

satisfied with the progress that has beenmade innegociating for theconsentof herMajesty's governmentfor theintroductionofabillfor giving effect to the views ofthe association;and that they will usetheir best endeavours to procure an1 actfor thatpurpose during the nextsession ofparliament. That it is expedient tostrengthen the association by laying theirviewsbefore the public, and adding totheir numbers."

From this period to the assembling ofthenew parliament, several members ofthe association never relaxed in theirattendance or their labours, for a singleday. Information relating to New Zea-land was collected from all quarters. Avolume was compiledandpublished, andput into circulation in all parts of tKekingdom. Mr Burford- was induced topainta1panorama of the Bay of Islands,from drawingsprocuredby theassociationfrom Mr Augustus Earle, draughtsmanto her Majesty's ship Beagle, and the'author of an interesting work on NewZealand. A series of lithographic printsfrom drawings by the same artist, andexecutedinabeautiful style, was begunat the instance and under the auspices ofthe association. Articles appeared alsoin 'Blackwood's Magazine/ and inotherpublications, highlyfavourable tothe pro-ject. A large accession was made tothe emigrating members of the society,and a junctioneffected with themembersof the old company of 1825,— a most op-portuneevent, and owing entirely to thegood offices of Lord Durham, who hasnever abandoned the public object ofcolonizing'New Zealand, though he hasever been ready to forego his privateinterest in the work,for the sakeof agree-"

ment in the pursuit of a great nationalobject.

The following committee was agreedupon after theunion of the societies':

—

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.5

THE GOVERNMENT ofNEW ZEALAND.Return toan Orderof the Honourable the House

ofCommons, dated26thJuly, 1839;— forCoptof Treasury Miktjtesanctioningan Advance

from theRevenues of New South Wales, on ac-countof the Expensesofthe Officerahoutto pro-ceed to New Zealandas Consul,&c. F.Baring,

Whitehall, Treasury Chambers,24th July,1839.

Ordered,by the House of Commons, tobe printed29thJuly, 1839.

Copt of TreasuryMinute, of the19th July,1839.Readletter from Mr Stephen, dated 4th instanttransmitting, by direction of the Marquis ofNormanby, for the consideration of this board,with reference to a communication from his lord-ship's department of the 13thultimo, on the sub-ject ofthe establishment of some

'British authorityin New Zealand, aletter from CaptainHobson ofthe royalnavy,who is about to proceed to NewZealand as her Majesty'sconsul, and as eventuallieutenant-governor of such territory as may becededto herMajesty in the New Zealand islands,with an -estimate of certain expenses it will benecessary toincur in respect ofthis mission, for bispassage to those islands,construction ofaresidence,presents to native chiefs, and other incidentalcharges.

Mylords haveagainbefore them theletter fromMr Stephen, of the13th ultimo, adverting to cir-cumstances whichhadappeared to the Marquis ofNormanby and to Viscount Palmerston to forceupon herMajesty's government the adoption ofmeasures-for establishing-someBritish authority inNew Zealand for the government of theQueen'ssubjectsresidents in, or resorting to, those islands ;,and, with that view, proposing that a Britishconsul should forthwith be dispatched to NewZealand; and that, upon cession being obtainedfrom the native chiefs- of. the sovereignty ofsuchterritories therein as may be possessedby British,subjects, those, territories should be added to the,colony of New South Wales as a dependency ofthat government;and likewise proposing thattheofficer abouttoproceed.toNew Zealand as consulshould be appointed lieutenant-governor of thisdependency;and that the expenses which,mustnecessarilybe incurred for his passage, and for thepurchaseof* articles which will be requiredfor hisimmediateuse in the public service, or for presents-to.the nativechiefs, should'bedefrayedbyadvancesfrom the funds of the government of New SouthWales, tobe hereafterrepaid from such revenueasmaybe raised within the ceded territoryby virtueof' ordinances tobe issued for the purposei>y thegovernor and council of New South Wales,i.fromwhich revenue also all other expenses relating.tothe government of this dependencyare tobe pro-videdfor.

'Mylordsalso'refer totheopinionofherMajesty'slawofficers, that any territory in New Zealand, ofwhich the sovereignty may be acquired by theBritish crown, may lawfully be annexed to the

than we could protect in case of war."—

"There werediplomatic reasons againstcolonizing NewZealandinparticular: theRussians,theAmericans,theFrenchwouldobject toit j and, as to the appointmentofaspecialauthority for thepurpose,sucha thing was without precedent— an inno-vation quite uncalled for." The rioblesecretary for the colonies was reminded,or rather informed, of what he seemedpreviously to have known nothing, thatall the great colonies of America werefounded upon that plan,and that the in-novation was the other way; that, in fact,the Swan River was theonly colony, ex-cepting the Penitentiaries of New SouthWales and Van Diemen's Land, whichhadbeenestablished without theinterven-tion ofa commissionor a chartered cor-poration. Of course this vacillation onthepartof the governmentgaverise on theoccasion to earnest remonstrances fromthedeputation. Itledalso toacorrespon-dencebetweenLordMelbourne andsomeinfluential members of the association,whichendedinanotherinterviewwithLordGlenelg only, on that day week. LordDurhamagainheaded thedeputation, anditappearedthat "achangehad come o'erthespiritof" thenoblesecretary's"dream,"for henow spoke as afriend andpatronof the scheme. Hestated that, in conse-quence of despatches which he had re-ceived from New South Wales since thelast interview, her Majesty's governmenthad come to theresolution of adoptingtheprincipleof the plan, although theyheldthemselves "unfetteredas todetails." TheplainEnglishofwhichwas,that theprimeminister had been remindedof, and hadhonourablyconsidered,the encouragementwhichhe at first gave to theproject ;thatthe hostility of the Colonial Office hadbeen overcome by superior authority;andlastly, that the despatches from NewSouth Wales most fortunately furnishedapretext to Lord Glenelg for expressinghis approval of a measurewhich, but a"week before,hehadearnestlycondemned.

Thereupon followed a letter, in whichMs lordship expressed the assent of thegovernment upon certain conditions, thespirit andintent of which are accuratelydescribed in Mr Baring's speech, on thesecondreading of thebill,which wehaveprinted inanother page.

Theprincipal condition insistedupon,as therebyappears, was, that the societyshould resolve itself into a joint-stockcompany,which was directly at variancewith one of its leading principles, overand over again declared. This couldnot have been, intended to produce anyother effect than that whichensued. Itcould only end in the dissolution of thesociety, orin exposing it,with anappear-anceof justice,to thosechurchmissionaryattacks whichhadbeenlevelled against itas"ajoint-stock company," fee.

Theassociation thendetermined to pro-ceed without the aid of government. Inorder to obtain the independent opinionofparliament, and to procure an inquiryinto the subject, which the state of busi-ness in the House of Commons renderedimpossible at that period, the Earl ofDevonmoved for, andobtained, a com-mittee in the House of Lords. Everyinfluence wasused to disincline the com-mittee to the scheme;and theyultimatelyevaded a decision on the substance of thequestion, byresolving to the effect, "" thatthe extension of ourcolonies was a ques-tion belonging exclusively to thecrown."

Notwithstanding this unfavourableevent, theutility of the inquirywasgreat.Itbrought outa mass of authentic infor-mation relating to the countiy, and, byexciting and satisfying curiosity, mostusefully seconded the variouspublicationsof theassociation.

Nevertheless, under these adverse cir-cumstances, the bill wasbrought into theHouse ofCommons byMrBaring. Themost conclusive reasoning, and the sup-port of powerful and independent mem-bers onboth sides of thehouse, wereofno avail. The bill was thrown out uponthe second reading, by a large majority,and with an airof scorn, bordering, insome quarters, on malignity. Themostsurprising circumstance in the oppositionto the measurein theHouseof Commons,was the course taken by Lord Howick,who was relied upon as a sure friend,bound in honour to support a measurewhich"hadbeen modified tosuithisviews,andpursuedwith great toiland trouble in

dependence on the sincerity of his firstfriendly professions. We attribute nomotives:weonly stateplain1 facts..

The bill being rejected, the absencefrom England of Lord Durham, and ofMr Wakefield, the author of the project,rendered further efforts apparently hope-less. Itneveroccurred,however, to theadversaries of the colony, that menwhohad embarkedinsuch anenterprise, werenot likely to submit to a single defeat.They soon formed another plan forfounding a settlement, without askingthe sanction of Lord Howick or thecolonial office. After various troublesand difficulties, during which many newpartisans joined the old body of emi-grants, an association termed the tlNewZealand Colonization Company" wasformedatMessrs Wright'sbankinghouse,on the 29thof August,,1838, andon the2ndofMayfollowing, the"NewZealandLand Company," combiningall the pre-ceding societies,, was brought before thepublic, through the powerfulexertionsofMr Wakefield, whonowresumed thepart

.whichhad been sustained byothers dur-inghis absencefrom England. The listofdirectors ofthiscompany isperhaps un-exampled for weight with thepublic. Inunremitting attention to the business ofthe shareholders,the directors havenever,been surpassed. Their anxiety toprovidefor the safetyand well-beingof those whoare about to emigrateunder their auspicesand direction, merits grateful acknow-ledgment from this first organ of thecolonists.

The property and influence of theold company of 1825, are thrown intothe common stock, with other pur-chases and acquisitions made by thedirectors. Shares to the amount of100,000/, to be paid up almost immedi-ately, have been subscribed for; and,what is still more remarkable, the sumof 100,000/. was paid" within five weeks,for as manyacresof land, inatownshipthe site of which, is not yet determined.Two vesselshavebeendespatched toNewZealand, one (the Tory) with the com-pany's principal agent, CoL Wakefield,the other (the Cuba) with' the surveyor-general, Lieut. Smith, and a surveyingforce of thirty'persons. A large bodyof emigrants are preparing to sail inthe beginning of September, carryingwith them1 all the elements of civi-lization,— achurch, an infant school, forthe children of natives as well as colo-nists, a public library, a dispensary, abank; together with a large amount ofcapital invested in machinery,' mills,steam-engines, agricultural implements,the frame work of houses, andpropertyof various kinds. The first colony willconsist ofmorethan160 cabinpassengers,and about 3500 of the labouring class;all conveyed to the colony by means ofthepurchase moneyof land. Five largevessels, of more than 500 tons each, arenearlyready for sea, and willsailearly inSeptember,. Others willfollow,inregularsuccession; and the whole party willrendezvous atPort Hardy, in JD'Urvilleisland, Cooks's straits, it ishopedbeforethe endof January.

Such an expedition is unprecedented inmodern times; and it was imagined thatsuch abodyof herMajesty'ssubjects, aboutto extendlher dominionsand thebounds ofcivilization, at their own cost, would havehad' the same' sympathy from the govern-ment which they have had from all otherclasses oftheir countrymen. Thishopehasbeen,disappointed. The colony,so far as ithashadanyintercoursewiththegovernment,has been, treated with cold indifference, to<say theleast. Thearrangementswhichhavebeen made for its government, are whollyinefficient, not to sayoffensive. Bya trea-sury'minute whichwehaveprintedelsewhere,it.appearsthat the colony is tobe placedun-der the rule of the governorand councilofNew South Wales

—a penal settlement,

twelve hundred miles from New Zealand,and wherethe.new colony must necessarilybe regardedwith the jealousfeelingof rival-ry. . Applications have been made to thecolonial office for localadministration, butwithout any effect. The only,replyis a re-ference to the treasury minute- From thiswe learn that Captain Hobson, R.N., whosailed a few days ago, is to treat with thenative chiefs for acession of thesovereignty,—

a thing for which.their language did notafford 1 a worduntil- themissionariescoinedone for the"occasion

—andthenhe is to be-

Town Acres and the surroundingRural Sections.

—Therehasbeen acon-

siderable degree of speculationinthe landsat from ten to eighty percent advance uponthe upsetpriceof the company. Certificates'of choice for town acres havebeensoldfrom-10?. to 801. per acre. The real value ofthese lands cannot be ascertained till thecolonists shall have arrived in the colony;and havebeen joinedbythe largenumberofwealiLy persons which it is reported arepreparing to proceed immediately to settleat the firstand principle settlement of theNew Zealand land company. PortPhilliphas been inhabited some six years. It*was settled without design— is unsupportedby any important English connections

—is.

subject to the curse of convict slavery— hasnow but some 1000 persons, yet the townlandshavebeen sellingat 120CM. per acre,and the rural lands in the vicinity of thetownat 15/. theacre. The Sydney peopleare thepurchasers, andthe superior advan-tages of the New Zealand colony willnotfail tobeimmediatelyapparent to them.

The New Zealand Land Company-—The capital is 100,000/., and all. the in-stalments willhave beenpaid by the 15thofJanuarynext. Theproportionof themoneyderivedfromthe sale of land up to the pre-sent time,whichis reservedfor the expenses;andprofits of the company, exceeds 25,000/.

First Scotch Colony for KewZealand.

—Anumerouspartyofemigrants,

under this title, arenow making the neces-sary arrangements for embarking in The,BengalMerchant, to sail from GreenockinSeptember. The Committee for the westof Scotland, and their agents, are nowem-ployedinselectingeligiblepersonsas settlers,,and, judging from the number of applica-tions, the Directors willbecalled on tosendasecond vessel from the Clyde. A clergy-man ofthe Scotch Church, who accompaniesthecolony,will officiateas chaplainonboard.It is intended that the Clyde shallbe madethe principal shipping port of Scotland forNew Zealand, and that the strictest' regu-lations shall be put in forceinorder to en-sure the camforti safety, and convenience of'the passengers.

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTEicolony of New South Wales, and that the legist**live authority of New South Walesycreated by theiAct of 9 Geo. IV,c. 88j may .then be. exercise*over British subject* inhabiting that. territoryandmy lords likewise refer to the provision mada» J

in the estimate forconsular services,now beforeth*1

House of Commons, for the salary ofa consul at-New Zealand. , " , ". My lords also read their minute of the 2lstultimo, expressing their concurrence in opinionwith her Majesty's secretary of state as to thenecessity of establishing some competent controlover British subjects in the NewZealand islands,and further stating that this board would be pre-pared, upon thecontemplatedcession insovereigntyto the British crown of territories within thoseislands 'which havebeen or may be acquiredby herMajesty's subjects, under grantsfrom the differentchiefs beingobtained, to concur in the proposed °

arrangements for the government of the cededterritory, and for raising a revenue to defray theexpense of theestablishment it would-benecessaryto maintain;for thispurpose.

Write to Mr Stephen,and, inreply to his furthercommunication of the 4th inst. now before thishoard, request he will' signify to the Marquis ofNormanby my lords' sanction for the advance'bythe agent-general for.New South Wales,from fundsappertaining to the government of that colony,ofthe amount required to defray the expenses x>f theofficer proceeding to New Zealand, asspecified inthe estimate furnished by Captain Hobson, andsubmitted tomy lords inMr Stephen's latter, withthe understanding thatsuch advance is to be repaidfrom the revenues of the territory it is proposedtoarnex to that government. But Mr Stephen willat the same timestate tothe MarquisofNormanby,that as the proceedings about tobe adopted in.regard to New Zealand, in the eventof failure ofthe anticipated cession of sovereignty and of thecontemplatedrevenue,mayinvolve furtherexpendi-ture from the funds of this countrybeyond thesalaryofthe consul already included in the estimateforconsular services for the currentyear, my lordshaveconsidered it necessary that the arrangementshould be brought under the cognizance of Parlia-ment;andthey have therefore directedthata copyof their minute, giving the sanction now notifiedto Lord Normanby,shall be laidbefore the Houseof Commons.The followinganswer wasreturnedby the Secretaryof State for the Colonies tw a memorial fromGlasgow, praying the erection of New Zealandinto a British Colony.

Downing street,27th June, 1839.Sir,

—Iamdirectedby theMarquisofNormanby

to acquaintyou that theLords Commissioner'softhe i'reasury have referred to this departmentamemorial, addressed to their Lordships by themerchants, ship-owners,- and otner parties .inGlasgow, praying that New Zealand may beerected intoaBritish Colony; and 1am to rvquestthat you will inform the parties who signed' thememorial that measures are in progress which^willprobably.lead to tJie result,which they express theiranxiety to see attained.

Iam, sir,Yourobedient servant,

To JohnFleming, Esq., H.Laboucherz.Glasgow. ,

come lieutenant-governor of the portionsof the islands so ceded. 'Meanwhile, the-country is tobe abandoned to the scramblewhich DrLanghas sopowerfully described;in which the missionaries and grogshopkeepers are to vie with the "land shaFks'rfrbm Sydney, in plundering the natives oftheir territory, withoutany of those provi-sions for their permanent advantagewhicha just and paternal government would en-force. We know that "ye speak thesenti-mentsof the NewZealand company, and ofthose whohave purchasedland under them,when we affirm that nothing would be sosatisfactory to them as the plan laid downinDr Lang's pamphlet, for ageneral assump-tionby thecrownof thepropertyinalllandsin New Zealand;provided only, that theSouth Australian system, were rigidly en-forced; that the present owners of landswereallowedareasonable timeforpre-emp-tion; andthata set-offwereallowedto themfor what theyhave expendedinthepurchaseand improvement of those lands. In fact,this is notanewproposal. Itwas a funda-mentalprinciple ofthe billprepared by theNew Zealand association last year;and tothis, sooneror later, the colonialoffice mustcome, ifthey wouldnot abandon the islandsto the bold adventurers who may disputewith the missionaries the possession of thesoil.

Lord Howick is unremittingin expres-sions of hostility to the colony. We knowthat heis inthe habitof advising gentlemenin the HouseofCommonsto avoid all con-nection withit ;andthat hegoes aboutde-scribing it as a bubblescheme, andPoyaisproject for cheating the public. His in-fluence inthe cabineton colonial questionsis-known tobevery great. He willprobablycontinue toexert it to the injury o£ this in-fant society, to which'he seems tobear ananimosity not less bitter than inexplicable.Whatever success,, however, may attendhisungenerous efforts, our consolation is, thatall thingsand allmen bide their time;andthat, come whatwill,Englishmencarry withthem, wherever they go, not merely theright,but the determinationandthecapacity,to manage-their own affairs. With thesefeelings, and with this farewell, three thou-sand emigrants take leave of his lordshipandthe ColonialOffice.

6

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.the degree in which ademand was madeupon the labourmarket

—that modeyor

the mode which is the nearest to' it, isselling the landanddevotingits'proceedsin the manner pursued by South Aus-traliaandthenew colonyof New Zealand.

twenty isolated points in the two islands.. Letthemlook to Swan.River,, and..the. expense

—Ibelieve

nearly 30,000/.— which that settlement of fifteenhundredpersonsentails upon the country;to thechances of collisions with the natives, which weakand ill-ordered.communities only serve to invite;to the irregularpurchase anddisposalof lands;andto the thousand evils consequent upon, theirdisse-mination. Itmay be objected to us, that thesamedifficulties will attendourenteiprise;and thatsmallcommunities would spring up which wecould notcontrol. Our answer is simple. Such commu-nities wouldnot be established. In the formationof agreat Europeansociety,' we should haveall theadvantages of high wages, increasingvalue of pro-perty,and, aboveall, protection to those who joinedit. Commerce would centreat thepoint where sup-ply and consumption are most certain;and therewould be no inducement to any one to resign thecertain advantages of a civilized and growing com-munity, to seek a dangerous and precariousliveli-hood where there couldbe no security of obtainingthe commonest necessaries of life. Sir, Iappealtothe house against the decision of her Majesty'sministers, with a full hope that weshall notappealin vain in favour of a project fraught with advan-tages so important and so certain to the empire atlarge."

The Preliminary Expedition,— TheTory, a fine ship of400 tons, left theriverearly in May, and finally sailedfromPly-mouth on the 12th, with Col. Wakefield,principal officer of the company, on board,bound toNew.Zealand, to takepossessionoflarge tractsof land already purchased,.andto treat with the nativesfor an extensionofthe company's territory. A letterhas beenreceived from the Tory, dated June 3rd,,inlat.5 deg/30m.north, andlong.23 deg.17 m. west,

—stating alltobe wellonboard..

As there can belittle doubt the Tory hasarrived in Cook's Straits by thisdate,.des>-patches from thence may beexpectedby the15thofDecember next.

The Surveying Vessel.—

The Cuba,Capt.Newcombe, aharkof270 tons,left theriver at the endofJuly, and passedDeal onthe2ndAugust. Capt.Smith,R.A.,survey-or-general to the New Zealand Land Com-pany,with suchacorps as thisintelligentandenergeticofficer deemedsufficient toproceedrapidly with the surveys, werethe passen-gers. After landing these gentlemen theCuba willbe occupiedin making purchasesof landand coast-surveying.' "—

TheDruid,44,Capt.LordJ.Churchill,willshortlyproceedwithCapt.Hobson,R.N.,to New Zealand, to which he is appointedconsul and lieutenant-governor.— ColonialGazette.

PRELIMINARY SECTIONS.Advertisements have appeared offering.sections,for.sale, and stating, as an in-ducement <to purchase, that buyers' are-entitled to free cabin passages to New.Zealand. Had the advertisers, read theier-msairtder which the sales were madeby the company, theymust have knownthat .the privilege could not be assertedafter the 25th July. Nor can a partywho has asserted the claim transfer thefree passage on selling the land. Thispoint has been raised, and so decided.Werethis.,privilegecontinually toattachtothepurchase of land, thecompany wouldnotbe safe in granting asingle free pas-sage to any one of the labouring class;for theymight at anymoment be calledupon to expend upon the person of theproprietor that fund which ismainly des-rtined to enable the labourers,mechanics,and their wives, to proceed to New Zea-land. The important principle uponwhich the colonization ofSouth Australiaand New Zealand is based must neverbelost sight of for a moment. Thepur-poseof selling the landat 11. per acre isto obtain afund with which to convey theindustrious classes thereinsufficient num-bers. Theycannot get thereunless theirpassages areprovided for them, and theland is valueless without the combinedservices oflabour andcapital. Thepriceof11.issupposed to yield a fund that willconvey four persons for every hundredacres sold. The fund, though sufficientfor that purpose,isnot sufficient to per-form it and tocarryoutcapitalists or em-ployersj and if they claim free passagesto that extentthey diminishthesupply oflabour. If they dissipate the fund be-yonda certain extent, then labour mayattain to aprice which willmake the co-lony a place of unprofitable investmentto the capitalist. The evil would cureitself, doubtless

—but at the expense of

the prosperity of thecolony.There will never be any difficulty in

securing to the colonies a sufficient num-ber of theemployingclass. Thedifficultyalwayshas been,andmustbe, in'obtaining

Ha sufficientnumber of theclass to be em-ployed, to cause a state of society mutu-ally beneficial. '.The creation and pre-servation of this due proportion is thestriking featurepeculiar tocolonies havinga system of land selling, 'furnishing afund with which to grant freepassages toa sufficient extent, and those whichhaveit not, or not inasufficient degree— andhereafter it willbe found to be the greatcause oftheir superior prosperity.

Insteadofinvading this fund,the colo-nists, if alive to their own interest,willhasten to devise means by which it mayheincreased. Were theSouthAustralianpeople to regardtheir owninterest, theywould further augment the emigrationfundby anannual impost of6d.perheadonsheep,and Is. perhead upon cattle.Whatever is done to supply labour in asufficient quantity to the colony, to bedone successfully, mustbedone,upon sys-tem. Itmust not bevoluntary—

allmustcontribute inalike degree,or theattemptmust be futile. The plan of deriving afund of the kind through the first saleprice of land has this as its basis. Somemay state, were the fund required notcontributed in the nominalprice of land,it might be expended in an independentmanner by each proprietor. But if leftto the sense of justice of the individual,would this contribution to thelabour fundbe made? Would not each hope to de-rivelabpur at the cost of,his neighbour?Has thaj;not occurred ina thousand casesalready in the colonies? If there wereno system by which all were obliged tocontribute to the conveyance of labour,in.the degreein which theybecame pur-chasers of land, some would be foolishenough to convey servants,as many havedone, to America and the oldAustraliancolonies, at their individual expense,trusting to the gratitude and sense of jus-tice of those whose condition they,hadthereby so much improved. They wouldihe, as others have been, disappointed.Hhose whohad not incurred the expenseof conveying the labourers to the colony"are tifee persons whocould afford to paythe highest wages. They would make<offers \wiich would be accepted, and thearesuit -srould be that disgust which wouldmat ariseaf by a systemall were obligedtte contribute to the labour fund, in

OUTFIT OF EMIGRANT LABOURERS.FEMALE.

' "2gowns,18 yards of printedcotton, s- <*-

@ 6d. - - - - " - 0" £ 02 petticoats, 6 yards of coloured

calico,@6d. - - --080

2ditto, flannel,6 yards, @ Is.-

0 6 O12shifts, 80 yards, long cloth,@6d. 015 0, 6 caps, 3yards ofmuslin, @ Is. "- 0 3 06 aprons, 6 yards ofcalico,@ 6d. -0 3 0

6 handkerchiefs, @ 6d.- - -

0 3 06 neckerchiefs, @ 9d. - - - 0 4 66 towels, @ 6d.'

- - - -0 3 0

1pair ofstays, @ ss. - --0 50-6 pairs of black worsted stockings,

@ Is. 3d 0 7 6', 2pairs ofshoes, @ 4s. - -

-0 80-1bonnet,(g)Ss.- - -

-030Needles,pins, tapes,&c. &c.'-

-0502lbs of soap, @ 6d.,2lbs of starch,@6d 0 2 0

£4 0 0

MAKE. £ s. d.2 fustian jackets, @ 7s. 6d. - - 015 02pairsof ditto trousers,(©' 6s. -

012 02pairsof duck ditto,@ 2s. 6d. - 05 02 round frocks,@ 2s. 6d. - -

05 012cotton shirts, @ 2s. 3d. - -

1 7 06 pairsofworsted stockings,@ Is.6d. 0 9 02 Scotch caps, @Is. 6d. - -

0 3 06 handkerchiefs, @ 6d. - -

03 06 coarse towels, @ 6d. - - -0 3 0

1pair of boots,@10s. - - -010 0

1pair ofshoes,@ 6s. - - -0 6 04 lbs ofsoap, @ 6d.

- - -02 0

£5 0 0Female - - - -

4 0 01pairofblankets,@ 10s. -10 0

2 pairofsheets,@ ss. - 10 0■ 10 0

Sura required to fit out a couple, £10 0 0

Calicoes, Holland, camlet, fine canvass, and'otherarticles of the clothing kind, will alwaysbefound most valuable to those who cantake a littleextrastock.

—Stephen's South Australia,p. 193.

CHARGE FOB. PERSONS PAYINGTHEIB PASSAGE.£. s. d.

First class cabin- ... 75 0 0Second class cabin ... 50 0 0

Steerage 18 15 0Allowance ofbaggage, free of expense,for,eachpassenger— two tons if in the first or second classcabin, andhalfa ton inthe'steerage.

DEBATE IN THE COMMONS ON THENEW ZEALANDBILL.

MrFrancisBaring, on June 19,1838,moved thesecond reading ofthebill" for the Provisional Go-vernment of British Settlements in the Islands ofNew Zealand." He commenced his speech by astatement of the origin of the project,and the bitterand interested animosity by which it hadbeen as-sailed

—"Itis now nearly two years since a number of

gentlemen, encouraged by the increasing interestwhich the public took in the matter, and by theknowledge of circumstances which had come undertheirobservation,formed themselvesinto anassocia-tion for the purpose ofestablishing aBritish colonyin New Zealand. They had assembled a largemassof oral and documentary evidence upon thesubject.They had sought the evidence of allithose whoseopinion was worth consulting, either from localknowledge or from connexionin any way with thedistant countries into'which they were anxious tointroduce ourreligion, our customs, and our laws ;and theresultthey arrivedat was,thatit wasnot onlyexpedientas far as theinterest of their owncountryis concernedthat their intention should be persisted;in,but that they owed it to the natives as a correc-tionofthe evils which their communication with ushad already entailed upon them. They found thatthese islands, which, according to the principles fol-lowedby other countries, had been acquired by theBritish Crown by those forms of takingpossessionwhichhaveever been allowed to constitute a claimagainst other civilized nations, were situated in atemperate latitude, witha soilof remarkable ferti-lity,a climate perfectly suited to the constitutionsof English emigrants, and productions not only efgreat value commercially, but of especial import-anceas renderingus independentof other countriesfor som? of the most important of their produc-tions. They found that their position renderedthem of so much importance to our growing settle-ments in Australia, thatthe possessionof them byany foreign power would endanger the stability ofour empire in thatpart of the world;and aboveall,their researches led them to the conviction thatthere had arisen, from the settlement on the islandsof a lawless anddegraded population,anobstacle toany moral improvement in the natives, which wasevery year assuming a more serious aspect, andwhich a very short delaymight make it impossibleto remove. They trusted to this latter circumstancefor theobtaining thesanctionof tl.emissionarybody;and theyconfided in the anxiety for the materialwelfare ofthecountty which governmentis supposedtoentertain, for the ensuring their support to aplanin the success- ofwhich theyconceived thatthe sta-bility of our dominions in those seaswas involved.They accordingly brought inabill."

Here MrBaringbriefly stated the principal pro-visions of the bill, with which the readers of theSpectator are already acquainted. The names ofthe commissioners printedin the bill were those ofthe committee of the New Zealand Association;butMr Baring would not insist on these names, butleave the nomination to ministers and the House ina future stage ofthe proceedings. Heproceeded tounmask the character of the oppositionto thebill'" To this bill there arose an opposition.from aquarter whence we leastexpectedit. Itcommencedby a series of pamphlets circulated in the dark bythe secretary ofthe Christian MissionarySociety, iawhich our motives were impugned, and the exist-ence questioned of all those feelingsby which ho-nourable men should be influenced. It was an-nounced thatwe were recurring to the old pretenceof civilization and advancement of religion, whilethere was upon the face of our plan sufficientindi-cation of a design to repeat at the expense of thenatives that oppression, and those excessesof arbi-trary power, which at all times, and in all othercountries, hadmarked theprogress ofthe Europeaninvader,and evendegraded thename ofcivilization:that the sovereignty of the native tribes, which wasinherent in them,and, if it wantedconfirmation, hadbeen assured by a formalrecognition by the Britishresident, was to be called in question:that wewere an association of jobbers, whose only objectwas tiading in land,

—which all their accounts re

presented as impossible to be obtained;and thatweshould be the means of impeding the great workofreligion, and civilization, which,under the super-intendence of the missionary body, was rapidly andunfailingly going on. We could not but supposethat when our motives were explained, and theobject of ourbill fully made known, this oppositionfounded, as we then supposedit to be, solely uponmotives of sympathy for the natives, and alarm onthe part of those who had constituted themselvestheir natural guardians,would give way before acalm examinationof the provisionsofthe bill. Wewere conscious of having given everyprotectioninour power to the tribes— of having fenced andguarded their interest withaminuteness of jealouscare winch in some measme complicated ourbill,and encumbered it withprovisionswhich constitutedalmost the only difficulty of execution. But whenwe foundevery overture rejected, we did begin tosuspect the existence of some motives beyond thosewhich Mr Coates had thought expedientto avow.Sir, those suspicions havebeenmore than confirmed.Upon a close and searching inquiry, we becameconvinced thatit was less from a desire to.exposeour.motives than toconceal their own;notsomucha desire to protect the New Zealander from excessof power on our part, as to maintain the influencewhich, from motives which appear rather lessTthanspiritual, they hadbeen engaged in founding, that1neJ*fe?d raised anopposition whichinits tone andlanguageis little inaccordance, with thosedoctrinesof justiceand charity which, they so loudly profess.Sir, some curious facts have come out in the courseofthis inquiry. Thedifficulty ofobtainingland hasbeen"solvedby themissionaries'themselves."

Here Mr-Baringshowedthatland to alarge extenthadbeen purchasedbymembers of the Church Mis-,sionary Society,on their ownaccount;and thatoneof them, Mr Henry Williams, sold the produceofhisestates to the mission of which*he was thechair-man. AMrFairburn had bought a tract of landthirty miles in length. Messrs Hemp find Davishad each four or five thousand acres, which theyfarmed themselves;sohadMr Clark andMr Baker,and several other members of the missionary body.Some of Mr Fairburu's land waspart of r the tractsold to an English company in 1825, which thenatives had always held sacred, and against thesale of which to Mr Fairburn some of them protested, inconsequence of the previous transfer. Itappeared that the Church, Missionary Society wasby nomeans so successful in the workofconversionas the Wesleyans. The whole number of commu-nicants belonging to the former was only180, to thelatter 1,000;although thechurch missionaries werefive times as numerousas the Wesleyans, and theirexpenses much greater in proportion .to their num-bers. Mr Baring continued

—".Is it to be supposedthat the worldly circum-

stances haveno influence over the state of thingsspiritual? Do we not know that the churches aremore deserted, that the schools are less earnestlysupported?> Imight make statements upon this sub-ject with less hazard than Mr Coates incurred whenhe collectedimputations against the motives of theassociation with which lam connected;andIsayso with less hesitation, forIshould not want facts

i>or testimony to support them. But, Sir, is therenothing to alter Mr Coates's views, in the evidenceas to the state ofthe country, which is contained inthe dispatches lately received from Mr Busby, theBritish resident, and CaptainHobson, who was sentby the Governor of NewSouth Wales on a specialmission to. report on the spot1 His well-knownconnection with some of thepersons employed in theColonial Office, leads me to supposeit to be difficultthathe should not have been cognizant of some of'those dispatcheseven before he made his first state-ment; butIwill allow him, for the sake of his cha-racter for sincerity, the benefitof ignorance on this,occasion. Butwhatis thestate ofsociety which has ■

grownupunder themildgovernmentofthe mission1Are not wars,murders, and every possible excessrifein all parts of the island ? have they succeededin putting an end to the system of slavery whicheverywhere exists;have they ventured to attemptit;are they in a position to counteract the gan-grenous influences of the society of runaway sailorsandescapedconvicts, whichisdaily augmenting ina frightful proportion;can they oppose anybarrierto the vicious example against which their pre*cepts must struggle in vain,or setany bounds to theprofligacy and excesses which are introducing dis-ease and premature mortality into all the districtswith which they are incontact? Are wenotaware,sir, that all the great religious reformers amongbarbarous nations have established their creeds byconnecting its precepts with the material prosperityof those whom they wished to influence;and, insome cases, by making articles of faith many ofthose regulations Tendered necessaryby the habits,prejudices, and even the climate of the country towhich they are adapted, and which with our purerreligion andmore rational morality weshould leaveto be providedfor by human institutions ? Cantheysuppose that thesepoorsavages will notcpnnect theevildoings of these supposed adherents of the newreligion with the tenets of their religion, and thatinmanycases the example will not bemore power-ful thanthe precept? lamnotblind to -the sacri-fices and exertionsof themissionary body ;no oneis more ready to acknowledge them. Whatevergood is achieved in these islands, they will havebeen the primary cause of; and the best proofIcangive of good feeling towards them,is myreadi-ness to separate them from the person who has con-stitutedhimself their organhere, to attribute to thempurermotives and a more disinterested zeal. Butthe time has come whentheir exertionscannolongersingly avail;and we had hoped that in the planwehadproduced they would have found the bestco-operationwith theirlabours, and the surest cor-rective of the evils against which, unaided, theycannot struggle, in the example of a moral andwell-ordered community."

The nextbranch of Mr Baring's speech was a de-tail of the negotiation with the government, andinterviews with Lords Melbourne, Howick, andGlenelg, during the last twelvemonth. From thisit appeared, that at 'first Lords Melbourne andHowick had given decided encouragement to theproject;then thwarted it;and so on, backwardsand forwards, till atlastLord Glenelg, finding theassociation ready toact upon everyreasonable sug-gestion of the government, hit upon a conditionwinch heknew could not becompliedwith— namely,that they should become a joint-stock company. MrBaring showed that the principleon which it wasproposed to colonize New Zealand could not be putinto successful operation by a.trading company,whose first object must be the purchaseand sale ofland with a view to profit. It was curious thatwhile Messrs Coates and Beecham, in their pam-phlets, vilified the association as a joint-stock com-pany, the government opposed the bill because itdid not constitute a joint-stock company. Whatwould thegovernment doof itself?"Having made this statement of what passedbetween herMajesty's government and the associa-tion, I/amled to inquirewhat remedy or whatpal-liative will this government of expedients be in-duced to adopt? Icanhardly think that the nativecongress, recommended by Mr Busby, with theadoption of collateral measures, such as. the esta-blishments of courts, &c.— none of which can beadmitted without assuming the sovereignty theyaffect to disclaim

—can be in their contemplation.

They must know thatno number ofEuropeans arelikely to submit to a legislative assembly at Wai-mate; and that by the time the missionaries havemade thefirst step in their constitutionaleducation,half the populationwill^have disappeared, and thewhite invader will have increased twenty-fold. Ifthey mean.toplant factories,at the bottom of,everybay whereEuropeans resort,,Iwould aak them, toestimate the probableconsequence ofsmall commu-nities: without commerce, without combined labour,arts, institutions,and religion, beinggrouped round

7

duced disease, and done its usual destructivework,inspite of the climate."—lnformation, p. 12.

Mr Mathews, a recent writer, discusses theeffects of the New Zealand climate on femalebeauty:"The rosy tingeofthe cheek," he observes, " isthe direct consequences of moist air, of a freshstimulating coolness. The British fair may relythat England's rosewill not fail toblossom inNewZealandin all its natural richness, giving the un-matched tinge ofthe flower

—beauty and freshness.

The. danger is that it may even throw that of themother country into shade;although its sister, thevegetablerose, has never been seen indigenous inthe southern hemisphere, whilst it surrounds theglobe in the northern with aflowery chaplet ...Inother respects, from its softmoist climate, NewZealand, like Sicily, may be expected tobe espe-cially propitious to women. The prospects nowbefore themmust cause tbe bright blood to mantleon the cheek of the British fair."

Inshort, both the soil and climate ofNew Zea-land are,in thehighestdegree, favourableto animaland vegetable existence,— "the finest samplesofthe human race are therp to be found, the largestand finest timber grows,and everyvegetable yetplanted thrives." Comparing thelatitude of NewZealand with that of tbe southern countries ofEurope, there is no doubtbutthe vine, the olive,the mulberry, and other productionsof Italyandthe southof Franceand Germany,will thrive well;but they must be introduced by persons well ac-quainted with their culture.

-+

Another circumstance which renders-New Zea-land a highly eligible field forcolonization, is thesuperiorintelligence of the Aborigines, and theirpeculiar capacity for civilization. The facilitywith which they adopt the mechanical arts ofEurope,is something quiteremarkable, and theirdesire forknowledgeis sogreat,that thereisscarcelya yearpasses that aNew Zealanderdoes not,ofhisown accord, work his passage to England for themere purposeofgaining knowledge. Theyare con-stantlyemployed on board thewhaling ships whichfrequent the southern seas, and they are describedby Lieutenant Breton as exhibiting strength, ac-tivity,and intelligence.

Dr Lang assures us that the best helmsman onboard a vessel by which be oncereturned to Eng-land, was Toki, a New Zealander. "

Nothing,"says Dr Lang, "could divert his attention fromthe compass, or the sails, or the sea; and wheneverIsaw him at the holm, and especially in tempestu-ous weather at night,Icouldnot help regarding itas amost interesting and hopeful circumstance inthe history of man, that a British vessel of fourhundred tons, containing a valuable cargo andmany souls of Europeans, should be steered acrossthe boundless Pacific, in the midst of storm anddarkness, by a poor New Zealander,whose fathersbad, from timeimmemorial, beeneaters of men.''

—Information,B[c. p.40.

The bare mention of eaters of men,reminds usthat itis necessary to say a few words respectingcannibalism. John Bull, weknow,is rather pre-disposed to be frightened, though weare not quitesure that thechance of affordingameal toanotherwould alarm him much more than the prospect oflosing ameal ofhis own. Be that as it may,how-ever, itmay bewell to mention that the New Zea-,land colonist runsnorisk of incurring either mis-chance. The naturalproductiveness of New Zea-land, as we haveseen, is such as to furnish mealstomillions;and as to cannibalism, it is now re-duced to a war feast (if not alwaysso),and even,as such,is falling intodisuse. A raceof cannibalsonce lived where thriving Glasgow* now stands,andin likemanner numerousEuropeans now livesecure in New Zealand, without the protectionwhich a regular government will afford. TheReverend Mr White says:—"But there is another viewof the subject tobetaken, andthat view exclusively concerns those whocontemplate the transplantationof themselves andfamilies to the shores of New Zealand. Imeantheir personalsafety. This, Ithink, issatisfactorilyanswered by the fact, that since the first residentstookup their abodein New Zealand in 1814, up tothe periodIleltthe island to returnto this country,not one single instance which Ican recollect,orhave heard of, has occurred of any European,orany other foreign settler, having lost his life.''

—Information, $-c. p.45.

We could multiplyquotations, but the length towhich our remarks and extractshavealready ex-tended, warn us that we have yet to notice andglean from Dr Lang's work. *

Wehave already said that Dr Lang bears testi-mony to the eligibility of New Zealand as a fieldfor British colonization; but he goesbeyond this,and shows theevil influence ofthe systemless colo-nization which ,has long been going on, and theparamountduty imposedon Great Britain, as thegreat colonizingnation, totake thematter into herownhands.

The present settlersin New Zealandare the out-casts ofanoutcastpopulation.Escapedconvictsfromthe penalsettlements,runawaysailors fromthe whal-ingships,needy adventurers whoseillconduct bathmade them menofnocountry, with a small mix-ture ofworthyand enorgeticmen, such aswill findtheir way to allv eligible fields, but'who, inNewZealand, form too inconsiderable a minority tocurbthe evilpassionsand neutralize the evil influ-

* A valiant tribe ofCaledonia, the Attacotti (or Scots),,the enemies andafterwards the soldiers of Valentiniau,areaccused, by aneye-witness, ofdelighting in the tasteofhuman flesh. When they hunted the woods forprey,it is saidthat they attackedthe shepherd rather thantheflocks;and that they anxiouslyselected the most deli-cate andbrawnyparts,bothof males and females,whichthey prepared for their horrid repasts. Ifinthe neigh-bourhoodof the commercial andliterarytown ofGlasgowarace of cannibals has reallyexisted, wemaycontem-plateinthis period of Scottish history, tbe opposite ex-tremes of savage and civilized life. Such reflectionstend to enlarge thecircle of our ideas,and toencouragethe pleasing hope that New Zealand may produce, insomefuture age, the Hume of thesouthernhemisphere.—Gibbon, Bto.edit.vol.iv,p?feO7, 1613.

Cum ipse adolescentulus inGallia viderimAttacottos(autScotos), gentemßrittanicamhumanisvescicaraibus;et cum per silvas porcorum greges, et armentorumpecudnmquereperiant, pastorum nates et femenarumpapillasgolere abscindere, et lias solas ciborum deliciasarbitrari. Suchis the evidenceofJerome (torn.2,p.75),whose veracityIfind noreason to doubt,

* Since the above was in type wehave met with thefollowing passage, from a letter printedin tbe ColonialGazette, dated Matukaraka (on the Hokianga River)New Zealand, lOtlj, March, 1839, which abuadantlyillustrates what wehave aboveset down. , .

"Themissionaries are engrossing the greater'partofthegoodland;and whatevermaybe their estimation athome,Ican safely say that here they show such,agrasp-ingdisposition toenrich themselves, andso little interestin the welfare of either the white manor native,thatthey standexceedinglylow withme. Atone missionarystationthere are not less than 600 acres of land undercultivation of wheat;.and the sons of these, missionariesassume as much consequence as your StJames's aris-tocrats. Ihare no patience -with them, and am onlysurprised that their bountiful subscriptions, at homeshould continue. In this river we have onlyWesleyaumissionaries,who certainly are not ao w.orldly,nor willtheir means admit of tbe splendour andpomp of theircontemporaries the Church Mission;but)amongstthese,there is great room for improvements,and,ithas beenamatter of surprise tome that the Society at homehavenot made a point.of sending some liberal and well-informed men as ministers. Tlie very reverse is thecase. Our Catholic bishop, as far as examplegoes, isshowing:them the way to make converts both amongstEuropeans and natives. He has notbeen here morethan eighteen months;andIam,sure that upwardsoftwo.thirds of the white population attend him, andverymanynatives."

ences of the majority, form the present EuropeanpopulationofNew Zealand." Ofthe character of this Europeanpopulation,now permanently settled in New Zealand,"says DrLang, "it is scarcely necessary to inform yourLordship. With a fewhonourable exceptions, itconsists of the veriest refuse ofcivilized society, ofrunawaysailors, of runaway convicts, of convictswhohave servedout their term of bondage in oneor other of the two penal colonies, of fraudulentdebtors who have escaped from their creditors inSydney or Hobart Town,andofneedy adventurersfrom thetwo colonies,almost equallyunprincipled.Inconjunction with the whalers that occasionallyvisit the coast, the influence of these individuals onthe natives is demoralizingin the extreme. Theirusual articles ofbarter areeither muskets and gun-powder, or tobacco and rum. Most of themlivein open concubinage or adultery with nativewomen, and the scenesofoutrageous licentiousnessand debauchery that are ever and anonoccurringon their premises, are often sufficiently revoltingto excite the reprobation and disgust ofthenativesthemselves."— -Lang, pp. 7,8.

Oneof the principalevilswhichhavearisen fromthe residence of this lawless population, is theextensivecheatingofthe natives out of their land.Largo tracts ofland are partedwith by the nativesfor acamp-kettle, or a few trinkets ;and even themissionaries,and especially the lay-missionaries,ascertain non-clerical hangers-on of themissions arecalled, haveshown themselvesnot less expert thanthe restof the populationin this speciesof cheat-ing. Dr Lang tells Lord Durham that "it isabsolutely distressing to observe the effects whichthis system of unprincipled rapacity is alreadyproducing upon the truly unfortunate natives ofNew Zealand, in conjunction with the othersources of demoralization ...Likemere child-ren, they will give all they are worth to-day forthe trinket or gew-gaw which they will sell for theveriest trifle to-morrow. Pomare, an intelligentnative chief who speaks tolerably good English,but whohas already alienated the greater part ofhis valuable land i:i the neighbourhood of, the Bayof Islands, observed to oneof our fellow voyagers,'Englishmen give us blankets, powder, and ironpots 'for our land; but we soon blow away thepowder, the iron potsget broken,and the blanketswear out,but the land neverblows away or wearsout.'"

—Dr Lang, p.16.

Itthusbecomes, asDr Lang clearly points out,a bounden duty on the part of every benevolentEnglishman to promote the colonization of NewZealand on a systematic plan, calculated to neu-tralise the effects of ~a colonization of the veryworst kind. Colonized tiie country will be, noearthly power will prevent the occupation of theland by Englishmen and their descendants. Theonly question which remains is,.— shall the princi-ples upon which that colonization is to be con-ducted,be those of good or those of evil? Thatthe principlesupon which the New Zealand LandCompany is proceeding are fraught with goodonly, will appear from this,

—that in addition to

all that distinguishes the " British system" ofcolonization, as explainedelsewhere, the rights ofthenativesare solemnly recognized, and theirpro-tection and improvement are made an inseparablepart of the company's operations. The earliestdetermination of thecompany was to acquire landby fair purchase. That wise and equitable deter-mination hasbeen, and still continues tobe, scru-pulously observed;and it is to be hoped thatwhengovernment and the legislature do interferein the concernsof the colony,,some measure willbe adopted to render null and void all fraudulentbargains with the natives for land. Dr Langsuggests that the measure should be retrospective;that all previous bargains should be. revisedby aproperly constituted authority, and where therehas beenundoubted fraud, that the bargains shouldbe cancelled. As a means of facilitating thisobject, says Dr Lang,—

''Let this company lend their influence andsupport towards the maintenance of her Majesty'sundoubted right of pre-emption in all cases,bothpast and future. The establishment of this prin-ciple will be of incalculable advantage to the NuwZealanders;andnot only to the New Zealanders,but to all persons whatsoever in this country whoare about to embark in any way iv tho NewZealand colonization sehemo."" For this purpose let the company make a vo-luntary and entire surrender of their native titlesto her Majesty's government, to be adjudicatedupon individually by a temporary board, like theCourt of Claims in New South Wales, to beappointed for the purpose by thegovernment,onthe understanding andupon the condition that thecompanyshall have the right of pre-emption fromthe government at the minimum price of crownland tobeestablished in the island, deducting thefull amount thocompany mayhavealready paid fortheir lands,either to thenatiyesor to individualEu-ropeans. The moralinfluance ofsuch anexamplewould be 'salutary in the highest degreeinNewZealand, as far as the actual Europeanpopulationare concerned, and would strengthen the hands ofthe government exceedingly, at the outset of thecolony, in carrying out the simplebut most impor-tant principle of her Majesty's right of pre-emp-tion ivall cases as regards the Aborigines."

'«Downright honesty of this kind," continuesDr Lang, " will decidedly be the best ■policy,also,which theNew Zealand Land Company can pur-sue;" . . . for in such a case " the field forenterprise willbe found as extensive and invitingasthemost ardent supporters ofcolonization coulddesire;while the career of the future colony will,in all probability,be unexampledin thehistory ofthe world."

Dr Lang then concludes his fourth letter withthe following testimony in favour of New Zea-land as a field of colonization superior to allothers,

—a testimony the more gratifying to the

first colonists, coming, as it does, from amanofmarked intelligence, of unquestionable sincerityand benevolence of purpose, and who moreoverhas, throughout his useful career, studiouslyavoided the evil influence of speculation and landjobbing, whichsomany ofthe clergyof alldenomi-nations (except the Catholic) appear tohave fallen

London:Printed by Charles Heyneli, at bit Office*16 Little Pulteneystreet, in the Parishof St James*Westminster, andPublished by Sam'oel Abvans, atNo. 1 Adam street, Adelpbi, inthe County of Atitfdle--sex,— Friday,SeptemberBth,1839.

1. Informationrelative, toNew Zealand, forthe useof Colonists. London. Parker. 1839. Bvo.pp.BQ.

2. New Zealand in 1839, in four Letters to theSightHonourable EarlDurham, %c, on theColo-nizationof that Island, $c. By John DunmoreLang, D.D.,Principal of the Australian Col-lege, &c. London. Smith and Elder. 1839.Bvo. pp. 120.

The above works differsomewhat in character andin the circumstances which havegiven them birth;yet, in one respect, they exhibit a remarkableagreement; namely, in the evidence theyafford ofthe suitableness of New Zealand as a field for colo-nization. Of theprinciplesonwhich thenewcolonyis about to be established

—of

"the new British

systemof colonization," a brief exposition willbefoundinanotherpartof this sheet; and as,more,over, the reader is elsewhere referred to works■whence he may obtain more ample knowledgethereof, weshall confine ourselvesin this article tothedistinguishing feature to which wehaveabovealluded.

The first of the aboveworks is as well arrangedand faithful summary of the testimony of manywitnesses respectingthe soil, climate, andphysicalresourcesof tbeNew Zealand group. The secondis the personalnarrative of a high-minded perci-pient witness, confirming, in all essential par-ticulars, the accounts of others, and throwing out

.someusefulpractical suggestions, towhich we shallpresentlymoreparticularly advert.

'♥TheNew Zealand Group," says the intelli«gent authorof the 'Information,&c,' " consists of

.two large islandscalled the Northernand Southern,a smaller island called Stewart's, to the extremesouth, and several adjacent islets. The group ex-tendsin length fromnorth to south from the 34thto the 48th degrees of south latitude, and inbreadth from east to west from 'the 160th to the

.179th degree of east longitude. The extremelength exceeds800 miles, and the averagebreadth,which is very variable, is about 100 miles. Thesurface of theisland is estimated to contain 95,000square miles, or about 60,000,000 acres, being aterritorynearlyas largeas Great Britain, of which,after allowing for mountainous districts and water,it is believed thatat least two-thirds are susceptibleof beneficialcultivation."

—Information, §c. p. I.

New Zealandis thus emphatically"on the otherside the Ball." Itis the nearest land to England'santipodes,andin our voyage thither it is almost amatterof indifference whether we turn to therightor the left,

—the east or the west, for it is withina

few miles of where-the longitudes, east and west,coincide. If we could push it some sixteen de-grees nearer the Pole,

—a freezing process, by the

way,against whichour fellow colonists wouldhavegood reason toprotest,— ourland ofpromisemightwell becalled Austral Britain;but we have livedtoo long in the world to care much about names;the landis a good land, and of this the proofs areabundant and irrefragable.

Of the fertility of the soil of New Zealand, nodoubt can be entertainedby any one who has at-tended, in the smallest degree, to the features in-variably exhibitedby mountainous countries. NewZealand has a bach bone of towering mountains,some of which reach the height of 14,000 feet,their summits being covered withperpetualsnow,and their slopes with forests of enormousgrowth.Novsuch features cannot exist apart from fertileandwell watered valleys, accordingly,"The soil is spoken of byall thewriters in themost favourable terms, from Captain Cook down-wards. After describing the fertility of many par-ticular spots, Cook sums uphis account by sayingthat thebills andmountainsarecovered with wood,and everyvalley has a rivulet of water;thesoil inthese valleys, andin the plains,of which there aremany that are not overgrown with wood, is ingeneral light butfertile;and, in theopinionofMrBanks and Dr Solander, as well as of everyothergentlemanonboard, everykindofEuropeangrain,plant, and fruit, would flourish here in theutmostluxuriance. From the vegetables we foundhere,there is reason to conclude that the v/inters aremilder than those in England, and we found thesummer not hotter, though it was more equally"warm; so that if this country should besettledbypeople from Europe, they would, with a little in-dustry, be very soon supplied not only with theneeei'saries,but the luxuries of lifeingreat abund-ance." Information,pp. 12,13.

Immediately followingthe above extract,we finda «»reat mass of concurrent testimony as to therichnessof the New Zealand soil ;but, as wehavebefore said, the geological character of the islandutterly forbidsa doubtupon the point.

As to climate—

New Zealand,inreference to theequator, maybe saidtobeginwhere England ends:thatis, the coldest extremity of New Zealand istwo degrees nearer the equator than the warmestextremityof England

—the southernmost (coldest)

point of New Zealandbeing in 48 degrees southlatitude, and thecoast of Devonbeing in50 north.Wemake use of the terms warmest and coldest,because our associations are somewhat partialrespecting Northand South, as well as respectingJune and December;June and Southbeing coldin time andplace, December and North warm, inthe other hemisphere. The climate is, in fact,mostbeautiful and salubrious, and health almostuniversal is theresult."Inspeaking of the climate we should remarkthat there areno diseasespeculiar to the country;infact,none of anyimportance but such as havebeen introduced by Europeans. Cook says, *Asthere is no,source of disease, either critical orchronic, but intemperance and inactivity, thesepeople enjoy perfectanduninterruptedhealth

—we

never saw any person amongst them who appearedto have any bodily complaint.' Their woundshealed with anastonishing facility,and 'a furtherproofthathumannature is here untaintedwithdis-ease, is tha great number of old men that we saw,many ofwhom,by the loss of their hairand teeth,appearedto be veryancient,yet noneofthemweredecrepit, and though not equal to the young inmuscular strength, werenot a whit behind themincheerfulness andvivacity.' Unhappily,half a cen-tury of irregular European intercourse has intro-

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.into,* and who has thereby kepthis testimony,inthe highestdegree, disinterested:

—"Unquestionable as are the facilities forcoloni-zation in Southern Australia, as well as inNewSouth Wales, they are nol to be compared with,those which New Zealand affords. In one word,whatevermay be the destinies of the Australiancolonies, Iam confident that,if colonized on rightprinciples,New Zealand will one day be the GreatBritain of the southern hemisphere."—

Lane.p. 115.

*

EMIGRATION.The following letter has beenreceived by

Mr Stunt,of Southerham, fromalabouringman who worked on his farm, and left thiscountry for Sydney in May last year,buthas since removedto New Zealand:—

New Zealand, Dec. 15,1838.Sir,—Ihare taken tbe opportunity of sending

the letter by the Coromandel loadingwith timberhere,but expect it will be Marchbefore shesails.Sir, wehopeplease God to find you, friendsandrelations, in good health as it leaves usperfectlywell. Sir, we are in a beautiful climate, whichagrees uncommonly well;more like England thanSydney, little warmer, black soil, clay beneath;much before Sydney to my thinking, which youmayseein the natives. The nativeshere arestrong-lookingpeople,brown coloured, and the natives atSydney are black, thin, hagged people. We haveplenty of hogswild, the natives catch them with,dogs;youmay havea large hog for ablanket oralittle tobacco, but we have every thing of ourmasters the first year. Pork 4d. per pound, flour4d.,sugar 6d., tea35.,potatoes2s. 100 lbs. Goose*berries wegather wildlikenettles; thegooseberriesgrowinshucks as filberts they are something likeagreencherry;we have peaches,oranges, melons,lemons,onions, cabbage, all good. If please Godwe liveanother year, we shall go on in a differentway. We got land set out for us to sow wheat tokeepus,and Ishall be forbreeding'my ownhogs.Our masters got hogs in 'abundance, and goats,ducks, geese, fowls, cows, a bull, two or threehorses. We havenotyetgot ourhouses built, theyare almost cutout andbegun to build, so willsoonbeup. Mary does notlike thecottage weare in, weare so thick, three families. Ithink weshall havea verycomfortable house; my mate oneend, we theother. There is no fear of having to buy fire wood,there'is plentyclose «o our house. We cut boardfor ourselves, fell whatwe like ofany sort there is:wemade each a table ofpine, and Ibegun a chair,but Igot many jobs; the saw-pit we work inis31feet long;some timber is six feet deep, anditseem;apity to burn such good timber as we burndown,counted asworthnothing.

Flo.3rd.— We are about 20 miles up theriver.The next place to us is Wymath, 12miles, incultivation^ beautiful for com and flocks of sheepbelonging to the church missionaries; there areWesleyans* Thenextplace, the Bay of Islands, isa very drunkea blackguard place, 30 miles from.us. There is no place in tlie worldscarce withsuch timber for masts for ships and other thingsas here. Our master by theCaromandel will clear,by all wecan findout, 7,000/. or8,000/. j thewholevalueIam told is 24,000/. or 25,000/., and theyhaveitcut up for almost nothing;but theybeginto get more awake. They will saw no morefortheir 4s. a week;theywork in this way3or 4pair,so keep a European to sharp and line and lookafter them.

Fob. 10th.—

The Captain diedlast week,andwasburied in the chape) yard. Iintend sendingnotone word wrongifIknowit: many wouldnotlikethecountry,asthere wouldbe notcompany enoughfor them except natives, andno liquorofany kindto bo got at Hukianga but seldom. The onlything that seems venomous is the lizard. Manyofthemaro about the trees,and youknow they areharmlessenough. Thewintersarecoldandrainy,butlittle frost and no snow. Ihaveabeautiful placemy end for a garden, the weather and sun comingin front all open. Ibegan to make ahedge, thefirst ever made, Isuppose, in New Zealand,and am.going to sow some turnips and plantbeans. Inthis country almost any time will do. By thenext time 1sendIshall be able to tell you a littlebetter about what chance there is here whenIhave

1seen moreabout it. A person came from Englandwith usby thenameofJosh- England, andis livingwith missionaries at Wymath, gets 12s. a week,provisionsfor self, wife, three children, goodhousefree, water, wood brought by the natives tohisdoor,only as servant out doors to job about thestores. Heis a shoemaker by trade. t&MSo no more at present fromyour humble servant,

C. SHAW.

8