New Zealand Biochar Reseach Center Workshop 2010

8/9/2019 New Zealand Biochar Reseach Center Workshop 2010

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Marta Camps

BIOCHAR RESEARCH AT THE NZBRC.

THE SOIL SCIENCE STREAM


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RESEARCH ON BIOCHAR AND SOILS

C sequestration- C recovery

- C stability

- how to account for

the stable fraction?

- decomposition

rates

- priming effect on

NOM

Added value

Feedstock/

productionCharacterisation

- available nutrients

- liming equivalence- activation surface

charge

- determining CEC

and other surfaceproperties

Behaviour in

soils

- nutrient fertility

- water retentioncapacity

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS+ LOGISTICS + ECONOMICS

POLICY MAKERS/STAKEHOLDERS

- nutrient fertility

- water retentioncapacity

- C recovery

- C stability

- available nutrients

- liming equivalence- activation surface

charge

- how to account for

the stable fraction?

- determining CEC

and other surfaceproperties

- decomposition

rates

- priming effect on

NOM


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BIOCHAR AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION


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CARBON RECOVERY AND STABILITY

C recovery (%)

Corn stover HC 57Corn stover BC 350 55

Corn stover BC 400 48

Corn stover BC 550 45

Biochar

Biochar Hydrochar

Hydrochar

PYROLYZER

PRESSURE

VESSEL

Biochar

Biochar Hydrochar

Hydrochar

PYROLYZER

PRESSURE

VESSEL

C=100 C=100

C~50

C~50

C~60

C~40

Chemical

Products

Water

Volatile

Compounds

(Bioenergy)

BiomassAgricultural and forestry

residues, grasses, etc

Hydrochar ProcessBiochar Process

A.B. Fuertes (persona communication)

Pressure reactor used for thehydrothermal carbonization of biomass

Rotatory drum kiln

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Fu

ertes et al. (unpublished)


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2

1

3

9

7

6

5

4

8

10

1

0

2

0.0 1.00.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

(O/C) atomic ratio

0.5

1.5

(H/C)atomicratio

Decarboxylation

Dehydration

Demethanation

Reaction Lines

CS

HC

BC

1 Wood

2 Cellulose

3 Lignin

4 Peat

5 Lignite

6, 7, 8, 9 Bitum. coals

10 Anthracite

350

400

550 oC

400 oC

350 oC

HC% volatiles Cdicro (%)

CORN STOVER 350 45 33.1

CORN STOVER 400 31 21.9

CORN STOVER 550 19 14.6Modified from Fuertes et al. (submitted to Aust. J. Soil Res.)

aromaticpeak

O-subst.

aromatic C

methoxyl C

Alkyl C


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(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(a)

(b)

Fuertes et al. (submitted to Aust. J. Soil Res.)


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tc

BCS (0)

BCS (100)

100time (years)0

HOW TO ACCOUNT FOR THE STABLE C?

Frac tion o f the initia l amo unt of b ioc har-C

tha t is stab le over 100 yea rs

In the c ontext of b ioc har-C a s a GHG mitiga tion a c tivity, any amount o f Cstored awa y from the a tmosphere for a t lea st 100 yea rs c an be c omputed as

a GHG mitiga tion benefit

Ca rbon Gold p rop osed me thod ology: (volatile C/ fixed C) < 0.5 b ioc har assumed inert

Pigneri et al. (2009)


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AVAILABLE C?

Pine

400 oC 1 m2 g-1

550 oC 368 m2 g-1

Poplar

400 oC 3 m2 g-1

550 oC 55 m2 g-1

Willow

400 oC 3 m2 g-1

550 oC 149 m2 g-1

Calvelo-Pereira et al. (NZBRC worshop-2010)

N2-BET

400 oC-biochar 550 oC-biochar


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AVAILABLE C?

Calvelo-Pereira et al. (NZBRC worshop-2010)

pH

5.7

7.27.5

5.2

8.8

8.6

We c annot justify the sequestra tion o f ca rbon on thebasis of the C c ontent and stab ility in the b ioc har,indep end ently of the evo lution of the b ioc har in soils


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PRIMING EFFECT ON NOM DECOMPOSITION?

Te Anau soils (Molloy, 1993)

Waiareka soils (Molloy, 1993)


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THE ADDED VALUE OF BIOCHAR


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Hydroponics.co.nz

Woodville

BIOCHAR AND NZ SOILS


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SURFACE CHARGE

282 284 286 288 290 292 294

Binding energy (eV)

Intensity

(a.u.)

(c)

(b)

(a)

C 1s core level spectra(Yao et al., submitted to Chemosphere)

BS biochar

BS biochar

+ water

BS biochar +

water +HA

Simulating a rain of 1000 mm during 80 years

in the lab...CHx, C-C/C=C

-C-OR

>C=O

>COOR


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+ alkaline tannery waste

+ pyrolysis

C 1s core level spectra(Hina et al., submitted to Aust. J. Soil Res.)

Activating in the lab...

SURFACE CHARGE


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EU-control EU-diluted EU-concentrated

PI-control PI-diluted PI-concentrated

SURFACE CHARGE

(Hina et al., submitted to Aust. J. Soil Res.)


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R = 0.94

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

TotalHClextractablebases(keqt-1)

Lime equivalence (kg CaCO3 t-1)

LIMING EQUIVALENCE

(Aitkenhead et al., in preparation)

Umbrisol

Podzol

pH: 5.7 7.2 7.5 5.2 8.8 8.6

Ash %: 2.6 4.0 5.7 3.1 6.5 5.2

(Calvelo-Pereira et al., NZBRC workshop-2010)


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 5 10 15 20

Biomass(gdryweig

ht)

Rate of application (t/ha)

BS (0 mg N)

BG (0 mg N)

BS (200 mg N)

BG (200 mg N)

NUTRIENT FERTILITY

(Wisnubroto et al., NZBRC workshop-2010)


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NUTRIENT FERTILITY

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 5 10 15 20

Biomass(gdryweight)

Rate ofapplication (t/ha)

BS (0 mgN)

BG(0 mgN)

BS (200 mgN)

BG(200 mgN)

(Wisnubroto et al., NZBRC workshop-2010)


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THANK YOU!!!

www.biochar.co.nz

Documents

New Zealand Biochar Reseach Center Workshop 2010