New Zealand –a Leader or Laggard? · Global Marine Programme 1 New Zealand –a Leader or Laggard? Dr Sian Pullen, Head, European Marine Programme WWF’sGlobal Marine Programme

Global MarineProgramme

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New Zealand – a Leader or Laggard?

Dr Sian Pullen, Head, European Marine ProgrammeWWF’s Global Marine Programme

Seachange 05: Managing our Marine Heritage


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WWF’s Global Marine Programme

• Operates in over 40 countries worldwide• In all the oceans of the world – Arctic,

Southern, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian• Protection of biodiversity through marine

protected areas• Establishing sustainable fisheries management


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Structure of Presentation

1. Setting the scene – threats and solutions

2. WWF and NZ Government – global players

3. New Zealand’s domestic record

4. Future challenges


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Threats

1. Fishing

2. Habitat destruction and biodiversity loss

3. Climate change

4. Bioprospecting


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Incidental catch and discards

•Incidental catch – 1/3 of world fish catch

•Discards – 20M tons /yr (maybe 30M)

•300,000 cetaceans

•250,000 turtles

•85 – 90% decline

in shark populations


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Coastal wetland loss: Mangrove cover from 1990 to 2000 for Central America


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Inshore developments - increasing


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Before and after trawling on coral


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Destruction of deep sea habitats

•A healthy Reef

with redfish

•A trawled Reef

without fish


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Global warming


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New report

Are we putting our fish in hot water?

www.panda.org/climate/fish

http://www.panda.org/climate/fish


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Climate change

• Increasing sea surface temperature

• Ocean acidification

• Sea level rise

• Ocean circulation


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Other threats

Pollution – land based nutrients- sedimentation- toxic chemicals- hydrocarbons

Bioprospecting


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Solutions

1. Ecoregion Conservation

2. Ecosystem-based Management Approaches

3. Alternative clean energy sources


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Marine Ecoregions


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Arctic : Pacific: Barents Sea Bering Sea

Sulu-Sulawesi SeaFiji Barrier Reef

Atlantic: Gulf of CaliforniaNE Atlantic Shelf NZ Marine Baltic SeaMediterranean Indian Ocean:West Africa Marine East Africa MarineMesoAmerican Reef Andaman & Nicobar Islands


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Ecosystem-based management

• Integration of policy• Use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)• Protection of biodiversity (incl. networks of MPAs)• Spatial Planning our use of the sea• Building resilience and adaptive management• Reform of fisheries management, esp. RFMOs• Addressing Illegal, Unregulated, Unreported (IUU)

fishing

• Throughout recognising importance of stakeholder engagement, responsibility and involvement


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Alternative Clean Energy Sources

Offshore wind farms

Wave energy

Tidal current

Ocean current


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NZ Global Leadership

FISHERIES• Ratification of UN Fish Stocks Agreement

• Participation in High Seas Task Force

• Leading the way at CCAMLR

• Initiation of West & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission


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3 opportunities in 2006

• Review of UN Fish Stock Agreement

• UNGA Working Group on biodiversity and conservation beyond areas under national jurisdiction

• South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation


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WWF Leadership on Fisheries

• Co-founding of Marine Stewardship Council

• Promoting reform of RFMOs

• Addressing the use (or mis-use) of subsidies globally

• Developing environmental / fishery collaborative projects


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Invest in Fish / Manuka Vision


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MPAs

• No-take marine reserve in 1975

• CBD ad hoc technical group on marine and coastal protected areas

• Ships’ routeing


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WWF Leadership on MPAs

•Involvement in High Seas Task Force

•Securing commitments to ecologically, representative networks of MPAs e.g. NE Atlantic, Baltic, GBR, Mediterranean

•Promoting concept in East Africa, Bering Sea, Canadian Scotian Shelf, Sula-Sulawesi, NZ Marine …..

•Promoting first high seas MPAs e.g. Rainbow hydrothermal vent system, sea mounts in Mediterranean, Grand Banks, Southern Ocean…..


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CLIMATE CHANGE• Conference of Parties to the Convention on

Climate Change

• è set commitments for lower greenhouse gas emissions after 2012


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WWF Global Leader

Climate Change

•East African Marine adaptation strategy

•Abbotts Hall Farm – adaptation pilot

•Arctic climate campaign


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September Sea Ice Extent2010 - 2030


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The Domestic Situation: WWF

•Shining a spotlight on the biodiversity of New Zealand’s marine ecoregion

•Fisheries Checklist

•Colmar Brunton Opinion Poll –95% feel that more should be protected 68% feel that more than 10% should be protected


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Percentage of marine environment NZers think should be protected“Less than 1% of New Zealand’s marine environment is currently protected in marine reserves. What percentage do you believe should be protected?”

2% 3%1% 0% 0%

7%

0% 1% 0%

17%

3%

10%

5%

17%

4%2%

5%

1%

10%11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 to15

16 to20

21 to30

31 to40

41 to50

51 to60

61 to70

71 to80

81 to90

91 to100

Base: All respondents, excluding don’t know (n=927).

Measures of central tendency:• Average = 36.46• Median = 30• Mode = 10

95% of New Zealanders think a greater percentage of New Zealand’s marine environment should be protected.

Percentage of marine environment should be protectedNZ Biodiversity Strategy Target

Perc

enta

ge o

f res

pond

ents


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The Domestic Situation: Government

1. Slow progress on Oceans Policy

2. ….

3. ….


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Oceans Policies

NZ – Oceans Policy stalled è could resume in 2006

UK – Marine Stewardship Report è Charting Progress and marine legislation promised in 2006

Japan – no integrated oceans policy è sectoral approach

Norway – sectoral until recently è comprehensive management plans for seas in development

Portugal – Oceans Strategic Commission è Task Force


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The Domestic Situation: Government

1. Slow progress on Oceans Policy

2. Less than 1% protection as marine reserves

3. No climate change adaptation strategies


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WWF’s Challenge


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Challenges

Sustainable Fishing:

• Scale management effforts to match the scale and intensity of pressures

• Development and implementation of standards on the environmental effects of fishing

• Market instruments e.g. MSC certification


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Challenges

Marine reserves:

• Delivery of a representative network of MPAsby 2010

• Development of a vision for MPAs beyond 2010

è Territorial seas and EEZs!


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Challenges

Climate change:

• Develop a climate change adaptation strategy

• Include in spatial plans for coastal and marine areas space for energy developments

• Introduce a carbon charge to price the current externality associated with greenhouse gas CO2 emissions


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Challenges

Ecosystem based management of high seas:

• Reform of regional fisheries management organisations

• Dealing with illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing

• Protection and management of high seas biodiversity and commercial resources


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Do this as New Zealand’s

Gift to the Earth !

Documents

New Zealand –a Leader or Laggard? · Global Marine Programme 1 New Zealand –a Leader or Laggard? Dr Sian Pullen, Head, European Marine Programme WWF’sGlobal Marine Programme