WELCOME

Dr. A. Rajanna

Director

Best Practices In Watershed Development Projects

Of Karnataka

Three Dry Land Research Centres at Bijapur (1933), Hagari (1934) and

Raichur (1934) were established. Studies focused on preventing soil

erosion through construction of contour bunds, agronomy practices

etc.

Based on Technologies developed in ORPs at 3 centres during 1975

extended to

Mittemari in Kolar District

Bommanahalli in Mysore District

Kabbala Nala in Bangalore District

Yarnal in Bijapur District

Joladarasi in Bellary District

demonstrated technologies for soil and water

conservation and dry land farming technology.

Journey Of Watershed Development

Dry Land Development Board

• Based on the model of Kabbala Nala Watershed Project GOK

established 4 Dry Land Development Boards during 1984 and

implemented World Bank supported projects in all the Districts.

• Agriculture, Horticulture and Forest sectors brought under single

administration control at State and District Level and multi

disciplinary team approach introduced.

Watershed Development Department

• Based on the DLDB multi disciplinary approach a separate

Watershed Development Department introduced during 2000 with

staff from land related departments

Journey Of Watershed Development Contd.

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT STATE LEVEL ORGANISATION CHART

Minister for Agriculture

(Government of Karnataka )

Addl. Chief Secretary

&

Development Commissioner

Principal Secretary (Agriculture & Horticulture Department)

Commissioner & Project Director

- Director of Watershed

Agriculture Horticulture Forest Live - Stock Administration Account s Planning Vigilance

Joint Conservator

Forest Conservator Live - Stock Joint Director Chief Joint Director Add l . Director

Director of

of Forest - Specialist Administration Accounts (Planning) of Agriculture Joint

Director

of Agri (SCN)

Horticulture Officer Vigilance

Joint

Joint

Asst.

Asst.

Fisheries

Asst. Administrative Acc. Statistical Comp. Agri. Adt .

Director

Director

Horti.

Conservator Conservator Director of Officer Officer Wing Wing Off Off.

of Agri. IGA

of Agri.

Officer

of Forest of Forest Animal (T.A)

(Agronomy)

Husbandry Deputy Director of

Agril.

Argil.

Statistics

Officer

Officer

(T.A )

(T.A )

Asst. Statistical Officer s

Note : In addition to this there will be other supporting ministerial staff ,

Agril.

Officer

(T.A)

Dy.Director

(T.A )

Argil. Officer

IGA

Asst.

World Bank assisted Kabbala Nala Project – multi disciplinary

approach

Swiss assisted ISPWD-K project

Karnataka Watershed Development Project – DANIDA

KAWAD Project – DFID

NABARD assisted projects

GoI Projects

World Bank assisted Sujala Watershed Project

Important Programmes Implemented By The State

Main Features Of Watershed Prioritzation

Watershed Committee - EC

• Implementing body and

responsible to make payment

for the works done

AG

• Planning for micro catchments

and implementation of works

SHG

• Greater say in common land

treatment

• Preparation of sub plan for

vulnerable groups

• Management of revolving fund

Community Based Organization and their role

Awareness Building

• Individual House visits,

Jathas, Street play,

Drama and Magic

show, etc.

• Special Village Meetings

and Wall Paintings.

Special meetings and

pamphlets distribution

Capacity Building

• Well defined training

modules for CBOs

• Adoption of different

methods such as

Training, Exposure,

Teleconference,

Workshops and Radio

programme

• Posters & flip charts

Capacity Building

A sustainable livelihood Income Generation

Activities

STEPS

Specialized NGOs

Entrepreneurship Awareness Programme -

EAP

Participatory Sub plan preparation

Regular SHG meetings

Bank linkages

Skill training activities

Marketing linkage

Counseling

Exposure Visit

Planning

Watershed demarcated maps developed by Karnataka State Remote

Sensing Application Centre.

Ground truth verification by traverse survey

Thematic maps developed by KSRSAC

Over lapping thematic maps on cadastral maps

Resource Maps Participatory

Planning

Participatory Action Plan Preparation

LU/LC

Water

Drain

Soil

Road

Parcel

PRA

Field Survey

27

28

30

29

27a

33

18

19

16

1

5

26

25

14

14a

42

34 32

31 35

36

37

GIS database

Cadastral Map

Net Planning Concept

Specialized on farm training for the staff involved in net planning

was given.

Detailed traverse survey by WDT, NGO, CBOs and Land Owners

All the felt needs of farmers were noted.

PRA Exercises conducted in villages based on the detailed

traverse survey

Activities prioritized technically

Social acceptance obtained

Farmer wise, survey number wise, activity wise with estimated

cost and contribution details.

Adoption of IT Enabled Customized Software Package

• A bilingual software package

• Supports systematic data base creation

• Private & Common land treatments, contributions,

IGA

Sukriya – Package for Action Plan preparation

• Monitoring of activity wise implementation

• Status of implementation – initiated, in progress

• Spatial depiction on cadastral maps Survey number

wise

Sukriya Nakshe – Community GIS

Sujala Mahithi - M I S

• Allows to query, analyze and generate reports

• Continuous Physical & financial monitoring

• Hierarchical flow of information

(MWS - SWS - Taluk - District – State)

• Frequency - Weekly / Monthly basis

• Generation of trends, bar graphs, pie charts etc.

SuKriya – for SWAP Database Creation

Land Interventions for selected survey No.

Private Land Treatment – Beneficiary & Activity-wise

DB

IMPLEMENTATION

NGO support for CBO Formation, Bench

Mark survey, Capacity Building, Livelihood

activities

Individual works implemented by

themselves

Common land and Drainage Line works by

SHG & User Groups.

Payments through cheques

Periodical review in Grama Sabhas

Works monitored by Watershed Executive

Committee members.

Quality Control

• OK cards system

• Quality control equipments for testing quality of ingredients

& Works

• Vigilance Cell to monitor the quality

• Different level checks by periodical inspection

• Monitoring & Supervision by Watershed committee

members

O K CARD

Quality Control Equipments

Farm Pond based Farming System

AzollA Cultivation

Fish Production

Integrated Farming

Bhoochetana Programme

Expanded watershed plus project in Treated watershed areas for

improving productivity.

Collaborative programme partners – Agriculture Department and

Watershed Development Department, ICRISAT, UAS, Farmers

facilitators and motivators introduced.

Stress on insitu soil and moisture conservation & other Package of

practicies

Ensured agriculture inputs supply at door steps of the farmers.

Soil nutrient application based on soil health- every farmer was given

soil health card.

During 2009-10 covered in 6 Sujala Districts. Area Covered 2.25 La Ha

During 2010-11 total 16 Districts covered, Area Covered 12.74 La Ha.

Yield increment in Ragi 35-66%, Maize 39-44%, Groundnut 32- 43%

Soya bean 39% noticed.

Agriculture IPM

Enhancing rainfed productivity

Horticulture & AH Organic farming and certification

Fish production in farm ponds

Herd immunity and vaccine

development

Impact anlysis

Cost benefit anlysis

Impact on landless and women

Capacity building

Identification of regional

specific IGA activities

Farmer Field School program

Research And Demonstration

Farmers Field School

Farmers facilitators concept

For the first time FFS was introduced in watershed project

(Normally for IPM)

Insitu Moisture conservation activities

Introduction of new varieties

Integrated pest monitoring practices

Integrated Nutrient Management practices

Fodder enrichment

Azola Cultivation

Animal Pregnancy Test

Epic culture

Three types of Accounting Systems

• Sangha Level

• NGO Level

• Department Level

International Accounting Methods as suggested by the World

Bank.

Consolidated Financial Management Software (PFMS)

Internal periodical financial review conducted by independent

Chartered Accountant

Finance & Accounts

Monitoring - CBO’s, WDD,

ME&L

Participatory

implementation Wall paintings

Beneficiary passbook

• Payment to beneficiary

Transparency Accountability

Book keeping &

Auditing

Audio / Teleconference

Evidence from

satellite images

Open house meeting

Transparency And Accountability

Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning

Centrality of ME&L

• Supports project objectives

– Enhancing trust

– Ensuring ownership

– Participation and empowerment of the community

• Supports the process of planning and implementation.

• Measures impacts and learning's and improvements during the

project cycle.

Key Features Of M E & L

• An independent external agency appointed

• Complex system involving multiple agencies as well as providers and users of information.

• Use of cutting edge technology-use of RS, GIS and MIS

• Inbuilt mechanisms of checks and balances.

• Dedicated field based ME&L staff and regular capacity building.

• Link to embedded processes of transparency and accountability.

2003

2003

2006

2006

M,E & L Components

M E & L

Impact

Assessment

Process

Monitoring Input – Output

Monitoring

Productivity improvements

Implementation Monitoring

CBO formation and Functioning

Capacity building

Participatory involvement

Income generating activity

Social Inclusiveness

Institutional roles

Women empowerment

Employment opportunity /

Migration

House hold income

Livestock improvement

Equity and Transparency

Short and Long term Impacts

Sustainability

What is being monitored ?

Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (M,E & L )

M, E & L is an integral part of the project’s day to day operations rather than a periodic offline activity

Discrete

monitoring

Concurrent monitoring

Impact

Assessment

Input Output

Monitoring

Process

Monitorin

g

Self

Evaluation/

Assessment Independent M&L

(Frequency

)

Pre treatment

Baseline

Mid –term

impact

End of project

By WDD at various

levels through MIS

Weekly

Monthly

Quarterly

Annually

Continuous

Monitoring

Frequenc

y

By CBOs

(SWS-EC, AG &

SHG) facilitated by

NGO

Monitoring, evaluation & learning

Bi-monthly

Monthly,

Half yearly

Participator

y

Monitoring

Community and

household level

Schematic representation of M & E in Sujala Project

Post Project

• Remote Sensing

• Household Surveys

• MIS / GIS data

• Participatory

observations

• Field Measurements

• Review Meetings

Tools And Techniques Used In M E & L

• Focus Group Discussions

• Research/case studies

• Files, Records, photographs

• Informal discussions

• Open House Meetings

• Audio Conferences

Blend of both conventional & satellite based monitoring system

Monitoring Mechanisms

In house • Additional Project Direct (M&E)

• Vigilance wing at WDD

• District Nodal Officers

• DRG & Quality control staff at districts

• WDT at Taluks

Out source • Independent M E L Agency

Discrete / Concurrent monitoring Impact Assessment

• NGO at State level and NGO at district level &

NGO/NGO at sub watershed level

• Concurrent third party Auditing

Community • SHG

• AG

• SWS-EC

• Monitoring

Committee

• PRI Reports

• OK cards

• CBO grading

• Grama Sabhas

• Regular cross checks

• Regular monitoring

• Demand based studies

• Impact evaluation

• Case Studies

M&E

HQ

WDD

Research

Agencies

NGO

Accounts

M&E

Districts

Accounts SWS

DWDO

ME&L Feedback & Use

• Beneficiary Level during field visit

• Village level during Grama Sabha

• State level during monthly meetings

• District level during Weekly Audio conference

Indicators Change Pattern

Decrease in Fallow Land 10-12.5 %

Improvement in cropping intensity 12-15%

Increase in crop diversity From 2-4 crops to 4-9 crops

Average Increase in irrigated crops 10-11 %

Average improvement in crops yield 10.5% -18%

Shift from Agriculture to Agro forestry / horticulture Upto 20%

Water discharge improvement 263-275 gallons per hour

Surface water availability 4 – 6 months

Average increase in household income 2 times

Reduction in Migration 70 – 75%

Average increase in Milk yield 18-19%

Impact of Sujala Watershed Project ICR WB Report

SUJALA IMPACTS

Legend

Agro-forestry

Agro-horticulture

Dryland Agriculture

Fallow land

Farm ponds

Plantation

irrigated crop

settlement

tree cover

wasteland

waterbody

Land use / Land cover Change

February 2002 Pre - Treatment

February 2006 Post - Treatment

February 2002 Pre - Treatment

February 2006 Post - Treatment

Surface water

Mudiyanur MWS,

Kolar District

GENDER AND EQUITY

• Differential rate of contribution between vulnerable & others

• Reservation for women & other weaker sections in EC

• Mandatory coverage of all SC/ST & marginal farmer families

• By limiting total investment per individual, it is ensured that per

hectare investment on SC/ST/MF is greater than or at least equal to

over all per hectare cost.

• Considerable investment on capacity building through training &

exposure visits

SHG Impact Assessment

• Social Affinity and Social bondage

• Savings by members is continuous process

• Revolving fund and income generation activities

• More number of women SHGs

• IGA-Self Help Groups are demonstrating strong sustainability and

Growth.

• SHG-Women are emerging as community leaders with respect to

Social and Development Improvements.

• Empowerment of Women –SHGs has a dramatic Impact on Male-

Female roles in many communities.

Impact Assessment of AG & EC

Area Groups are not sustainable compared to SHGs-

• Many are Male Land Owners

• Territory based groups and unviable size

• Once implementation is completed groups disseminated

SWS – ECs -are not sustainable compared to SHGs-

• Not much to vouch for the sustainability beyond project period.

• No financial resource mobilization avenue.

Prominent Features

• Performance based payment system for the NGOs

• With PBPS, increased accountability by NGOs and one can

expect better performance

• Intensive field inspections drive from the Head Office Officials

• DRG – Multi Disciplinary District Resource Group to guide and

monitor Capacity Building, Implementation of works and income

generation activities.

• Jala Mitra – A Community spokesman of watershed

• Gopalaka Mitra – A Community man with specialization in

artificial insemination, animal health care and animal nutrition

under supervision of Veterinary doctor.

• A to Z Software for estimates

• Quality control officials – 2 per district

• Enhancement of revolving fund to SHGs from Rs.35000 to

Rs.75000 on par with the PMRY

• Audio conference & SATCOM – effective progress monitoring &

capacity building

• Transparency – Wall paintings, Monthly open house meetings

• Weekly review through Audio Conference – progress monitoring

and learning

• O.K card systems ensures quality of physical interventions

• External M&E - enabled concurrent corrections at all levels

• IT tools – Planning, Monitoring and impact assessment

• M, E & L reports – enables concurrent corrections at all levels

• Greater emphasis on gender and equity

Prominent Features Contd.

Major Lessons Learnt by Sujala-

A document of World Bank

A combination of watershed and livelihood interventions can create

strong multiplication effects.

The participatory watershed planning and implementation requires

flexibility in treatment options.

Watershed Management Projects needs to be focused around water.

Targets of land treatments should be realistic, regularly reviewed

and formally documented.

Adequate time and resources should be allocated to develop project

implementation capabilities for participatory watershed

development.

Participatory watershed development project benefit from a phased

approach.

The equity and poverty reduction aims and processes within

watershed development need clear articulation.

Comprehensive hydrological and soil loss assessments need to

be incorporated into the project design and implemented early.

An independent and credible partner M & E Institution can

compliment M & E functions in the implementing agency and

provide major contributions to project success.

The project duration needs to account for post intervention

support and monitoring.

Direct gender targeting can give positive effects in participatory

watershed development

Management of Common Property Resources needs a dedicated

strategy with additional resources

Major Lessons Learnt by Sujala-

A document of World Bank Contd.

• Visitors from USA, Mexico, Sri Lanka, South Africa,

Bangladesh, Vietnam, Ukraine Afghanistan Tajikistan and

Senegal have visited Sujala and appreciated the work.

• A national level workshop has been organized in this

regard to share the experience of Sujala Project.

• Exchange visits by people implementing rural

development projects in other parts of India.

Exchange Programmes

National Productivity Award 2005-06 National Water Congress Award 2007

Earth care Award 2008 National e-Governance Award 2009

National & International Awards to Watershed

Development Department Programmes

National Productivity Award 2006-07

ANTRIX, ISRO bags Globe

Sustainability Research Award –by Globe Forum Stockholm,

Sweden ( Org awards Nobel

Prize) – 2009-10

National Productivity Award to RVP

for 2006-07

Thank You