New Way of New Way of CommunicationCommunication

(From The First Moving Type to (From The First Moving Type to

Computers)Computers)

Historical ConceptionHistorical Conceptionbyby

Sachin SinghSachin Singh

Pre-European Conception Pre-European Conception • During the Ch'ing-li During the Ch'ing-li

period (1041-1048) a period (1041-1048) a commoner named Bi commoner named Bi Sheng first invented Sheng first invented the movable type. the movable type.

• This type was made This type was made out of clay.out of clay.

• Dream Pool Essays Dream Pool Essays by Shen Kuo (a by Shen Kuo (a record of the  record of the  invention of movable-invention of movable-type printing by Bi type printing by Bi Sheng) Sheng)

Johannes GutenbergJohannes Gutenberg

• Gutenberg, Gutenberg, Johannes (c1400-Johannes (c1400-1468), German 1468), German printer and pioneer printer and pioneer in the use of in the use of movable type, movable type, sometimes identified sometimes identified as the first as the first European to print European to print with hand-set type with hand-set type cast in molds cast in molds

How? By CastingHow? By Casting

Gutenberg BibleGutenberg Bible• Only two of these Only two of these

Bibles are left in Bibles are left in perfect condition in perfect condition in the British Library.the British Library.

• Bible was first in Bible was first in Latin with border Latin with border decoration- flowers decoration- flowers and birdsand birds

• Did not have page Did not have page numbers and titlesnumbers and titles

Advances of Movable Advances of Movable TypesTypes

Before the movable types people had oral Before the movable types people had oral culture which largely depended on culture which largely depended on memorization. As a consequence - a lot of memorization. As a consequence - a lot of history was lost. With the establishment history was lost. With the establishment of printing press- one could keep records of printing press- one could keep records and and keepkeep on adding to it. on adding to it.

The printing press and its innovation The printing press and its innovation afterward has major transformation in the afterward has major transformation in the use, influence and character of human use, influence and character of human communication. communication.

Clay movable typeClay movable type Metal Metal movable typemovable type Linotype Linotype

(Machine-1884)(Machine-1884)As the name implies, the As the name implies, the

Linotype is a machine Linotype is a machine that produces a solid that produces a solid "line of type." "line of type." Introduced about 1886, Introduced about 1886, it was used for it was used for generations by generations by newspapers and general newspapers and general printers. It is a one-man printers. It is a one-man machine: the operator machine: the operator sits in front with the sits in front with the copy to be set at the top copy to be set at the top of the keyboard. of the keyboard.

Linotypes (Machine 1884) Linotypes (Machine 1884) Typewriters (copiers) Typewriters (copiers)

• Compared with the Compared with the gigantic Linotype, gigantic Linotype, typewriter was a more typewriter was a more user-friendly machine.user-friendly machine.

• 1891189119901990

TypewritersTypewriters Computers Computers (multimedia and internet) (multimedia and internet)

• Now people are able Now people are able to add more than to add more than the writing to their the writing to their work. (Graphs, work. (Graphs, tables, pictures, tables, pictures, movies, art)movies, art)

• This presentation This presentation would not be would not be possible without a possible without a computer.computer.

Maurice Vincent WilkesMaurice Vincent Wilkes•Built the first computer to have a microprogrammed control unit and it established beyond doubt the viability of microprogramming as a basis for computer design. •EDSAC was born, the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, the first full operational computer with its own memory. •Collaborated with other scientists, to build the TITAN, enabling a multitude of users instead of one at a time. •Also TITAN had a one-way function to protect its password file

ConclusionConclusionWithout the establishment of the Without the establishment of the

printing press, our civilization would printing press, our civilization would not exist as it does right now. Without not exist as it does right now. Without the movable types our society would the movable types our society would not have been able to write, read nor not have been able to write, read nor learn as efficiently as we do now. With learn as efficiently as we do now. With the printing press we have reached a the printing press we have reached a standard way of communication that standard way of communication that was never imagined by its creators.was never imagined by its creators.